Order 1329509: Lincoln Park Zoo Report

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Lincoln Park Zoo Report

ANTH 105: Introduction to Human Evolution

Fall 2018

The Assignment

Observation is a critical part of the scientific process. The goal of this assignment is to

familiarize you with living primate species and their behaviors through direct observation. You

will also be introduced to methods that primatologists use to research primates in captivity and

in the wild. As part of this activity, you will collect observational data on five primate species

and use that data to make informed inferences about how primate behaviors vary among species,

social groups, and individuals.

IMPORTANT: Do not provoke the primates (or any other animals). If you hit the glass, yell at

the animals, or shine a phone flashlight at them to try to get them to “do something more

interesting,” you will not receive credit for this assignment. Allowing the animals to be

undisturbed and exhibit their natural behavior is essential for you to fulfill the purpose of the

assignment.

The Lincoln Park Zoo: Planning Your Visit

The Lincoln Park Zoo is located at 2001 North Clark Street, Chicago, IL. 60614. We have

canceled labs and a lecture during Week 11 to give you time to visit LPZ, but you are

responsible for planning your own visit to the zoo. You should plan to be at the zoo for 2 to 3

hours. You may not visit another zoo because no other zoo in the area has two social groups

of gorillas, which you need to be able to observe to complete the third part of the assignment.

The following information will help you plan your visit:

• LPZ is open from 10am to 5pm in October, and 10am to 4:30pm in November. Note that some exhibits (e.g. the Helen Brach Primate House, Regenstein Small Mammal Reptile

House, etc) close 30 minutes before the zoo gates close. Don’t visit right at closing and

expect to be able to complete the assignment.

• LPZ is FREE to visit and has no admission fee. However, parking at the zoo can be expensive ($20+) and we encourage you to take public transit. The easiest way to get to

the LPZ from UIC is to take the #156 bus from campus (weekdays only) or take the CTA

blue line to the Monroe stop and transfer to the #151 bus at the Dearborn/Adams stop.

More information about getting to the zoo can be found here:

https://www.lpzoo.org/location-directions

• All of the primates you need to identify and observe will be located inside the Helen Brach Primate House, the Regenstein Forest, the Regenstein Small Mammal Reptile

House, or the Regenstein Center for African Apes. A PDF map of the zoo is available in

the assignment folder.

• If you are able to, consider timing your visit to see one of the following special programs: o Snow Monkey Science: 11:45 am (weekdays only) @ Regenstein Macaque Forest o Ape Cognition and Care: 1:30 pm @ Regenstein Center for African Apes

Turning in Your Report

This assignment is due on Tuesday, November 20 at 12:30pm (the start of lecture). You must

turn in both an electronic copy of the text of your assignment on Blackboard to run through

SafeAssign (you do not need to include pictures) and a hard copy in lecture. With the hard

copy you turn in in lecture, you must also submit your original data collection sheets.

Papers that are turned in late will be penalized 10% for each day late (weekends count as one

day). Papers will not be accepted more than three days late without permission from your TA.

Report Format

Your report should be typed in a 12-point standard font (Calibri, Times New Roman,

Helvetica, Arial, etc.) with 1 inch margins on all sides. Your pages should be numbered and

stapled or paper clipped. If you turn in loose pages, parts of your assignment may be lost and

your TA is not required to grade missing pages.

Your report should contain the following parts:

Title Page: Your title page should include the title of your paper, your name, the date,

your lab day and time, your TA’s name, and a picture of yourself at the LPZ.

Body of the paper: The body of your paper should be no less than 4 full pages and

no more than 7 full pages. The body of your paper should include the following

headings: Introduction, Locomotion in different primate species, Behavior in different

individuals of the same species, Behavior in different kinds of social groups, and

Conclusion.

The Introduction should provide a brief overview of the assignment and set up the

following parts of the paper. The Conclusion should wrap up the paper and answer

the following questions:

a. What did you find most enjoyable about your visit to the zoo?

b. What was something new that you learned at the zoo?

c. How did this trip help you understand concepts from this course?

Citations: If you use sources outside of your own observations, you should include a

list of those sources at the end of your paper. See the next section for appropriate

sources and examples of citation styles.

Observations: You must include the original observation sheets you collected at the

zoo as part of this assignment.

Sketches: You may submit two sketches of the primates you observed for up to four

extra credit points (up to 2 points per sketch). You are welcome to submit more

sketches, but you will only be able to earn a maximum of 4 extra credit points.

Rubric: You will earn 1 extra credit point for attaching the rubric to your assignment.

The rubric must be printed so that it is usable for grading in order to earn extra credit.

Citations

This report will be based primarily on your own observations. You may find it useful to include

information from the textbook, lab manual, or zoo docents or exhibits, but should not have any

additional sources. You may not use the LPZ’s website as a source. If you use direct quotes,

they must be in quotation marks. Everything else must be paraphrased. You must use in-text

citations as well as the full citation at the end of the paper in a works cited section. Please use the

following formats for citation:

Textbook

In-text: Primates have a highly varied diet and non-specialized dentition with a number of

tooth types with different functions (Larsen 162).

End Citation: Larsen, Clark Spencer. 2015. Essentials of Physical Anthropology. 3rd

edition. New York: W.W. Norton.

Lecture

In-text: As we learned in lecture, parental investment is strong in primates and offspring

are dependent on their mothers for a long time (Klein 10/30/18)

End Citation: Klein, Laura. ANTH 105 lecture: "Title Here." 30 October 2018.

NOTE: Lecture titles are found on the first slide of the lecture!

Docents

In-text: According to the Lincoln Park Zoo docent, the chimpanzees prefer to use the

outside habitat (Regenstein Center docent)

End Citation: Lincoln Park Zoo- Regenstein Center for African Apes. Personal

communication with docent. 2 November 2018.

Exhibit Information Boards

In-text: Chimpanzees are omnivores and eat "fruits, plant roots, and small animals”

(Regenstein Center exhibit).

End Citation: Lincoln Park Zoo- Regenstein Center for African Apes. Exhibit

information board. 2 November 2018.

Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty

Your observations and assignment must be the result of your own work. You will not get credit

for this assignment if you use someone else’s observations or plagiarize in your paper. You will

not get credit for the assignment if you turn in a version of this paper (written by yourself or

someone else) that was submitted in a previous semester.

Feeling like you don’t have enough time to do your own work? You always have options other

than plagiarism. If you are not sure what these options are, contact your TA as soon as possible.

The Writing Center

If you are having trouble with your writing, the UIC Writing Center offers free one-on-one consultations with students who need help developing ideas or with organization, proofreading, citation or any aspects of writing in any class. Visit the Writing Center website at https://writingcenter.uic.edu/ for more information and to make an appointment.

What to Bring to the Zoo

Before you go to the zoo, you should read pages 277-289 from the lab manual. You should

also bring the following things to the zoo with you:

• Print out the following instructions and observations charts. You will need to submit your original, hand-written observation charts with your assignment so you need

to bring printed copies to the zoo with you.

• Pencils or pens for writing your observations. (Pencils recommended)

• A watch, stopwatch, or phone that you can use to keep track of time for your observations.

• A camera or phone to take a picture of yourself at the zoo.

• Extra paper to take notes or for making sketches.

https://writingcenter.uic.edu/

Assignment Instructions

While you are at the zoo, follow steps “a” through “d” for each of the three parts. After your

visit to the zoo, use the questions in step “e” as a guide as you write your paper. Don’t forget

that your paper needs an introduction and a conclusion!

Tips & Tricks:

• The primates are usually very active early in the morning, especially the smaller ones. • Some primates are easier to observe than others – choosing your primates carefully will

make it easier to conduct your observations and write your paper.

o Do not try to observe the Moholi bush babies or the slow loris! Their enclosures are way too dark to observe anything well.

o The Howler monkeys spend a lot of time sleeping. • Your hypotheses are not limited to the behaviors on the observation sheets – you can add

your own behaviors in the “Other” columns but they should be behaviors you can

reasonably expect to see in your observation period.

• Ask docents any questions you might have- they love to talk about the animals and they are amazing resources.

Part 1: Locomotion in different primate species

For this section, you will conduct focal observations of individuals in three species: one

strepsirhine, one New World or Old World Monkey, and one ape (gibbon or chimpanzee but

NOT the gorillas). The individuals you choose for focal observations must be awake.

Strepsirrhine species:__________________________________

NWM/OWM species:_________________________________

Ape species (not gorillas):_________________________________________

1a. First, spend at least 2 minutes observing each of the primate species you have chosen.

1b. Based on your observations and knowledge of primates, make a hypothesis about a behavior

relating to locomotion that you will observe in these species. For example, “I predict that the

individual from [Species 1] will spend more time _______ than the individuals from [Species 2

and Species 3].”

Record your hypothesis here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Why do you think that behavior will be different among these species? Briefly explain your

reasoning.

Record your reasoning here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

1c. Collect focal observations of one individual for each species using the attached observation

sheets. The individuals you choose for focal observations must be awake.

1d. Make notes about each of the species you observe. Things that you may want to note:

• Where does the species typically live in the wild?

• What does it eat?

• What kind of residence pattern or social group structure does it have?

• Does the species have a tail? If so, what does it look like? What do the hands and feet look like?

• Are there differences in how the species use their tails, hands, or feet?

1e. In this section of your paper, you should use your hypothesis, reasoning, and observations to

address the following points:

• Provide some background information about the species observed.

• What was your hypothesis? What reasoning do you have to support your prediction?

• Was your hypothesis supported? o If so, what evidence (behaviors you observed) supports your hypothesis? Be

specific! Use numbers to support your statements. For example, “The White-

Cheeked Gibbon never touched the ground during the observation period.”

o If your hypothesis was not supported, why do you think it was not supported?

• How did the different forms of locomotion that you observed relate to the physical features of the species (e.g. tails, feet, hands)?

• How do the different locomotion behaviors fit into what you know about these species’ niches (roles in their ecosystem)?

• What would you do differently if you were a researcher genuinely interested in studying locomotion in different primate species?

Part 2: Behavior in different individuals of the same species

For this section, you will conduct focal observations of two individuals of the same species. You

may not use gorillas or a species that you observed in Part 1. You may choose a strepsirrhine,

Old World Monkey, New World Monkey, or ape species that has individuals that you can tell are

different (e.g. male vs. female, juvenile vs. adult).

Species: ______________________________________

Individual A: __________________________________

Individual B: __________________________________

2a. First, spend at least 2 minutes observing the individuals you have chosen.

2b. Based on your observations and knowledge of primates, make a hypothesis about a behavior

that you will observe in these different individuals. For example, “I predict that the Individual A

will spend more time _______ than Individual B.”

Record your hypothesis here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Why do you think that behavior will be different between your two focal individuals? Briefly

explain your reasoning.

Record your reasoning here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2c. Collect focal observations of the two individuals that you have selected using the attached

observation sheets. The individuals you choose for focal observations must be awake.

2d. Make notes about the species you observe. Things that you may want to note:

• Where does the species typically live in the wild?

• What does it eat?

• What kind of residence pattern or social group structure does it have?

• What are the noticeable differences between your two focal individuals? If you are comparing male and female individuals, is the species sexually dimorphic? If you are

comparing a juvenile and an adult, how do you know it’s a juvenile?

• Did they exhibit any behaviors that surprised you?

• Did these individuals spend a lot of time close to each other or interacting with other group members, or were they mostly away from others?

2e. In this section of your paper, you should use your hypothesis, reasoning, and observations to

address the following points:

• Provide some background information about the species observed.

• What was your hypothesis? What reasoning do you have to support your prediction?

• Was your hypothesis supported? o If so, what evidence (behaviors you observed) supports your hypothesis? Be

specific! Use numbers to support your statements. For example, “I observed the

male to groom others twice, but the female groomed others five times during the

observation period.”

o If your hypothesis was not supported, why do you think it was not supported?

• Were there any other notable differences in behaviors among these individuals?

• Were there other factors that might have affected the behavior of the primates during your observations (for example, did a keeper come in to feed them)? If so, discuss them.

• What would you do differently if you were a researcher genuinely interested in studying how behavior is different among individuals within the same species?

Part 3: Behavior in different kinds of social groups For this section, you will conduct observations of two groups of gorillas. Lincoln Park Zoo has

two social groups of gorillas: a bachelor group and a family group. Most zoos only have one

social group and LPZ provides a unique opportunity for you to observe how social behaviors in

different types of social groups within the same species.

3a. First, spend at least 2 minutes observing the bachelor group and the family group.

3b. Based on your observations and knowledge of primates, make a hypothesis about a behavior

that you expect to observe in these different social groups. For example, “I predict that the family

group will _______ less than the bachelor group.”

Record your hypothesis here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Why do you think that behavior will be different between the two groups of gorillas? Briefly

explain your reasoning.

Record your reasoning here: __________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3c. Collect group observations of the two groups of gorillas using the attached observation

sheets.

3d. Make notes about the groups that you observed. Things that you may want to note:

• Where does the species typically live in the wild?

• What does this species usually eat?

• Does one group tend to stay in closer proximity to each other than the other?

• Do these groups differ in terms of how active they are, or where they spend their time (e.g. on the ground, in the climbing structures)

2e. In this section of your paper, you should use your hypothesis, reasoning, and observations to

address the following points:

• Provide some background information about the species observed.

• What was your hypothesis? What reasoning do you have to support your prediction?

• Was your hypothesis supported? o If so, what evidence (behaviors you observed) supports your hypothesis? Be

specific! Use numbers to support your statements.

o If your hypothesis was not supported, why do you think it was not supported?

• Were there any other notable differences in behaviors among these groups?

• Based on what you know about these social groups, were you surprised by anything you saw during your observations?

• What would you do differently if you were a researcher genuinely interested in studying how behavior is different among bachelor and family groups in gorillas?

PART 1: LOCOMOTION IN DIFFERENT PRIMATE SPECIES (1 of 3)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Focal Individual Information: Sex (Circle one): Male Female Age (Circle one): Infant Juvenile Adult

Instructions: Mark with an “X” what the focal individual is doing and where they are doing it at each 30 second interval.

Time Sit Climb Walk Run Swing Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Others

Manipulate

Objects

Other Other On

ground

In tree Other

Start

30 sec

1 min

1m 30s

2 min

2m 30s

3 min

3m 30s

4 min

4m 30s

5 min

5m 30s

6 min

6m 30s

7 min

7m 30s

8 min

8m 30s

9 min

9m 30s

10 min

Notes:

PART 1: LOCOMOTION IN DIFFERENT PRIMATE SPECIES (2 of 3)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Focal Individual Information: Sex (Circle one): Male Female Age (Circle one): Infant Juvenile Adult

Instructions: Mark with an “X” what the focal individual is doing and where they are doing it at each 30 second interval.

Time Sit Climb Walk Run Swing Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Others

Manipulate

Objects

Other Other On

ground

In tree Other

Start

30 sec

1 min

1m 30s

2 min

2m 30s

3 min

3m 30s

4 min

4m 30s

5 min

5m 30s

6 min

6m 30s

7 min

7m 30s

8 min

8m 30s

9 min

9m 30s

10 min

Notes:

PART 1: LOCOMOTION IN DIFFERENT PRIMATE SPECIES (3 of 3)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Focal Individual Information: Sex (Circle one): Male Female Age (Circle one): Infant Juvenile Adult

Instructions: Mark with an “X” what the focal individual is doing and where they are doing it at each 30 second interval.

Time Sit Climb Walk Run Swing Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Others

Manipulate

Objects

Other Other On

ground

In tree Other

Start

30 sec

1 min

1m 30s

2 min

2m 30s

3 min

3m 30s

4 min

4m 30s

5 min

5m 30s

6 min

6m 30s

7 min

7m 30s

8 min

8m 30s

9 min

9m 30s

10 min

Notes:

PART 2: BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES (1 of 2)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Focal Individual Information: Sex (Circle one): Male Female Age (Circle one): Infant Juvenile Adult

Instructions: Mark with an “X” what the focal individual is doing at each 30 second interval.

Time Sit Climb Walk Run Swing Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Others

Manipulate

Objects

Vocalizing Other Other Other

Start

30 sec

1 min

1m 30s

2 min

2m 30s

3 min

3m 30s

4 min

4m 30s

5 min

5m 30s

6 min

6m 30s

7 min

7m 30s

8 min

8m 30s

9 min

9m 30s

10 min

Notes:

PART 2: BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME SPECIES (2 of 2)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Focal Individual Information: Sex (Circle one): Male Female Age (Circle one): Infant Juvenile Adult

Instructions: Mark with an “X” what the focal individual is doing at each 30 second interval.

Time Sit Climb Walk Run Swing Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Others

Manipulate

Objects

Vocalizing Other Other Other

Start

30 sec

1 min

1m 30s

2 min

2m 30s

3 min

3m 30s

4 min

4m 30s

5 min

5m 30s

6 min

6m 30s

7 min

7m 30s

8 min

8m 30s

9 min

9m 30s

10 min

Notes:

PART 3: BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF SOCIAL GROUPS (1 of 2)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Description of study primates: Assign each primate in the group a code depending on its age and sex. For example, F1 for adult female 1, F2 for

adult female 2, J1 for juvenile 1. Note any features that will help you tell group members apart.

Instructions: Write the code for each group number in the appropriate box at each 1 minute interval.

Time Sleep Sit Climb Walk Run Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Other

Play Aggressive

Behavior

Parental

Behavior

Manipulate

Objects

Other

(describe):

Other

(describe):

Start

1 min

2 min

3 min

4 min

5 min

6 min

7 min

8 min

9 min

10 min

Notes:

PART 3: BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF SOCIAL GROUPS (2 of 2)

Date: _______________________ Start time:______________________ End time:______________________

Weather: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Primate Name (both scientific and common):

Description of study primates: Assign each primate in the group a code depending on its age and sex. For example, F1 for adult female 1, F2 for

adult female 2, J1 for juvenile 1. Note any features that will help you tell group members apart.

Instructions: Write the code for each group number in the appropriate box at each 1 minute interval.

Time Sleep Sit Climb Walk Run Eat Drink Groom

Self

Groom

Other

Play Aggressive

Behavior

Parental

Behavior

Manipulate

Objects

Other

(describe):

Other

(describe):

Start

1 min

2 min

3 min

4 min

5 min

6 min

7 min

8 min

9 min

10 min

Notes: