Constitution and Systems of the State- NEED by 12NOON EST on Monday, 8/13/18

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Abstract

The abstract is the second page of your paper and should be on a page by itself. Think of an abstract as a condensed summary of your entire paper; between 150 to 250 words.

According to the official guidelines of the American Psychological Association, a good Abstract should be:

1. Brief but packed with information. Each sentence must be written with maximum impact in mind. To keep your abstract short, focus on including just four or five of the essential points, concepts, or findings.

Objective and accurate. The abstract's purpose is to report rather than provide commentary. It should also accurately reflect what your paper is about. Only include information that is also included in the body of your paper.

Main Body

The Main Body of your academic paper should be organized in a manner that moves from general to specific information.

Some of the APA guidelines you should focus on while writing the Main Body of your paper include the following:  

Heading Levels

Heading levels are used if you want to have your paper divided into sections based on content. However, not all papers will have headings or sub-headings in them.

The format of each Level is illustrated below:

Level 1: Centered, boldface, Uppercase and lowercase Header.

Using In-text Citations

In-text citations show where you found your sources that you are quoting, summarizing, or paraphrasing. They are used primarily within the Main Body of the paper, whereas the term reference refers to the complete citation. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list on the References page.

In-text Citation example

According to Hibel, Farkas, and Morgan (2010), “Certain groups of students are routinely found to be overrepresented (compared to their share in the school-aged population) in special education classrooms” (p. 313).

The following is how this in-citation should be listed on your References page:

Hibel, J., Farkas, G., & Morgan, P.L. (2010). Who is placed into Special Education? Sociology of Education, 313.

Washington, D.C.: Sage.

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Quotation

A quotation is made by using the original wording from an outside source and incorporating those words into your own writing. The words from the outside source will be clearly marked as belonging to another and enclosed in quotation marks.

When quoting fewer than 40 words, place quotation marks around the entire passage, followed by the citation, such as:

“Technology can take on several roles in education, such as role of resources, role of delivery system, or productivity” (Lee et al., 2013, p. 134).

Block Quotation Quotations that are more than 40 words in length should be indented a half inch (the same length as a paragraph’s indentation). Quotation marks are not placed around the cited material; rather, the indentation signifies that the material is a direct quote. For example:

Lee, Waxman, Wu, Wichlo and Lin (2013) explained the multi-layered dynamic of technology in

Education:

Technology can take on several roles in education, such as role of resources, role of delivery system, or productivity. Computer programs were found to be most effective in supporting student centered learning if the programs can provide scaffolds for students with special needs, support factual knowledge acquisition, and emphasize the capacity of technology in creating new learning experiences for students. (p. 134)

Note that the period is placed at the end of the quoted material (not at the end of the citation) as shown above.

Two Authors

When providing a parenthetical citation for a work by two authors, use an ampersand (&) between the authors’ last names, followed by date of publication, and page number: “Part of the reason that business educators may be hesitant to interject discussions of the public policies and how they came about into their lectures and class discussions is a long-standing hesitancy to bring politics into the classroom” (Cornwall & Dennis, 2012, p. 13).