Science-Research Paper
College2019
PaperOutlinePart1.docxCAUSES OF BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG WOMEN UNDER 40 2
BREAST CANCER IN YOUNG WOMEN UNDER 40 2
DSL 301 Paper Outline
TEMPLATE
Name: Maria Guerrero
Title: Causes of Breast Cancer in Young Women Under 40
Introduction
I. Introduction of scientific subject: Breast cancer is becoming a common disease among young women and girls.
II. Relationship of scientific subject to your life: Breast Cancer has taken the life of two of my aunts. One of them was 38 years old when she died.
III. Thesis or goal of paper: This paper seeks to analyze how cancer is affecting young women under the age of 40 years.
Transition into body
Body
I. (Main point 1/study 1): The risk factors of breast cancer.
a. Introduction of scientific study One out of eight women has been diagnosing with breast cancer.
b. Observations that led to the study: Women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer do not present the same risk factor, therefore there is not an exact cause of the diseases.
c. Conclusions of study: Women can develop breast cancer for genetic and environmental factors.
d. Relationship to your thesis/goal: Types of risks are related to breast cancer.
Transition into main point 2
II. (Main point 2/study 2): Genetic Factors
a. Introduction of scientific study: Most of the women diagnosed with breast cancer, are above 40 years; however, women below 40 years are likely to been diagnosed with breast cancer as much as them.
b. Observations that led to the study: Family history since we share the same genes with our family members.
c. Conclusions of study: If one is diagnosed with one breast cancer, one has a higher risk of being diagnosed with the other breast cancer later on.
d. Relationship to your thesis/goal: Personal health history can lead to a high percentage to develop breast cancer.
Transition into main point 3
III. (Main point 3/study 3): Lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
a. Introduction of scientific study: Frequent alcohol consumption or overweight increase risks of breast cancer.
b. Observations that led to the study: Women living a sedentary life can increase their breast cancer risk.
c. Conclusions of study: The way of living put young women at high risk of increased breast cancer.
d. Relationship to your thesis/goal: Females under 40 should take charge of their lifestyle by avoiding breast cancer risk factors.
Transition into main point 4
IV. (Main point 4/study 4): Breast cancer diagnosis and staging
a. Introduction of scientific study: Breast cancer is a complex disease under the age of 40 years due to the fertility-related factors to be included.
c. Conclusions of study: More studies should be encouraged on women under 40 that can carry the first degree of BRCA 1 or BRCA 2.
d. Relationship to your thesis/goal: Young women with a family history or breast cancer genetic should have breast cancer professionals evaluated the risk.
Transition into main point 5
V. (Main point 5/study 5): The four mains intrinsic of breast cancer about clinical implications.
a. Introduction of scientific study: They include luminal A, B, HER- two overexposed and basal-like breast cancer.
b. Observations that led to the study: Young age is an essential risk factor for tumors to develop without any symptoms.
c. Conclusions of study: Cancer can be detected at the last stage where treatment cannot be offered.
d. Relationship to your thesis/goal: It is hard to detect breast cancer in women under 40. Mammography is not appropriate for their age.
Transition into conclusion
Conclusion
I. Sum up the research findings of your various studies: There is not a particular cause of breast cancer in women of young age.
II. What new questions arise? Should we have a better breast cancer prevention that it is not based on age? /Does mammography detect breast cancer in women under 40?
III. Summarize how these studies relate to your life/topic: As a woman under 40, any age is a vital factor to consider early breast cancer prevention, and other factors should be included in the treatment of breast cancer.
IV. Close the paper: A special attention should be paid to women under 40 toward age-related breast cancer side effects for systemic treatment such as fertility issues and social impacts. Research should be carried out to manage early breast cancer prevention and advanced breast cancer where there is limit amount of information available.
References
Appleton, D., Hackney, L., & Narayanan, S. (2014). Ultrasonography alone for diagnosis of breast cancer in women under 40. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 96(3), 202-206.
https://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2262/pmc/articles/PMC4474049/
Dobi, Á., Kelemen, G., Kaizer, L., Weiczner, R., Thurzó, L., & Kahán, Z. (2011). Breast cancer under 40 years of age: Increasing number and worse prognosis. Pathology Oncology Research : POR, 17(2), 425-8. doi:http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2083/10.1007/s12253-010-9305-3
Houssami, N., Bernardi, D., Pellegrini, M., Valentini, M., Fantò, C., Ostillio, L., . . . Macaskill, P. (2017). Breast cancer detection using single-reading of breast tomosynthesis (3D-mammography) compared to double-reading of 2D-mammography: Evidence from a population-based trial. Cancer Epidemiology, 47, 94-99. doi:http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2083/10.1016/j.canep.2017.01.008
Kehl, K. L., Shen, C., Litton, J. K., Arun, B., & Giordano, S. H. (2016). Rates of BRCA1/2 mutation testing among young survivors of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 155(1), 165-173. doi:http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2083/10.1007/s10549-015-3658-y
Ribnikar, D., Ribeiro, J., Pinto, D., Sousa, B., Pinto, A., Gomes, E., . . . Cardoso, F. (2015). Breast cancer under age 40: A different approach. Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 16(4), 16-16. doi:10.1007/s11864-015-0334-8
Parenthetical citations (convert the same references into parenthetical style citations)
(Houssami, 2017)
(Kehl, 2016)
(Kuchenbaecker, 2017)
(Ribnikar, 2015).
