I need 2 page paper due in 3 hours

PAPER ASSIGNMENT: Article Summary In a brief essay, you will be asked to summarize empirical research. The grade on the paper is 25% of the final grade in the class. Limit yourself to one article cited in the textbook that was or will be covered in the corresponding class units. Find one empirical article cited in the relevant chapters of the Siegler (2014, 4th ed) textbook for lectures in the appropriate unit in the course. Use PsychInfo to find the full pdf of the article. Do not select an article that is relevant for general theory, methods, or ethical concerns in research with children (lectures 1 through 3). Do not select a review article. The article which you will base your paper on must be a peer-reviewed empirical study (e.g., articles that include methods and results sections). Some articles are extremely difficult to summarize and some are much easier. Choose an article with interesting results and a clear method that will allow you to demonstrate that you can apply what you have learned in the lectures to new material. Papers with a single study are usually easier to summarize than multi-experiment papers. Your paper should be clear and concise, without spelling or grammatical errors, and carefully organized into essay format. Papers should be 2 double-spaced typed pages of text, excluding title page and references. Use 11-point font in Helvetica or Arial throughout your paper including title and reference pages. Use 1-inch margins on top, bottom, and sides of each page. I will not read (i.e., you will receive 0 points) more than 2 pages, papers with smaller than 1-inch margins, papers that are not double-spaced, or papers that have fonts other than Helvetica or Arial 11-point. Follow “Paper Assignment General Guidelines” described below.

Do the Following to Have Your Paper Graded. Otherwise you will receive 0 pts. Turn in an electronic version of your paper. Electronic copies of papers are due on Blackboard on the date/time as specified in the syllabus. I will only grade the electronic copy submitted on Blackboard. You can submit your paper earlier than the due date. On the Title Page of your paper write the page number from the Siegler text (2014, 4th edition) that cites the article you chose to summarize. Include the full citation of your target article on the Reference page in your paper. I will not read your paper without knowing where you found it in the Siegler text (you will receive 0 points). I will not read your paper if you use an earlier edition of the Siegler text. If Dr. Karasik or a tutor from the Writing Center read and wrote comments on your paper, attach the draft(s) to the paper you turn in (scanned copy, uploaded as PDF). I will not be able to honor your responsiveness to previous comments without seeing the previous comments.

Grading Criteria • On a title page (2 pts), put (a) your name, (b) the date, (c) page from Siegler (2014) text—

correct edition is the 4th Edition, and (d) the title of the article. In the “header” area of each page of the essay, put the page number.

• Select an appropriate title for your essay (3 pts). Make up a new title that describes the topic or your argument. Do not simply call your essay, “Review of Whoever’s Article.” Do not use the same title as your selected target article.

• Use APA format to cite the authors of any conceptual or empirical work that you include in the body of your essay (3 pts). You do not need to cite any articles except the target article, but you may choose to cite additional works. You will probably need to cite lecture material or the textbook. Put an APA-format reference list at the end of your paper on a separate page (2 pts). This reference list should include the target article and any other works that you cite. See

syllabus and APA manual for how to cite references in body of paper and in the reference list. • Begin your essay with a BRIEF introductory paragraph that describes what the article is about

(10 pts). Show that you can situate the study in a larger conceptual and/or empirical context. What is the real question? You can take your lead from the “introduction” section of the article, but note that your view of the critical issues addressed in the article do not need to be those of the authors.

• Write a second SHORT paragraph that describes what the researchers did (20 pts). This description should highlight the design and procedure that are relevant for the results. Weed out irrelevant details. You can take your lead from the “current study” (found just before the “method” section) and “method” sections of the article.

• Write a third PITHY paragraph that describes what the researchers found (20 pts). You should limit yourself to the critical findings that make the paper important and interesting with regard to your argument. You can take your lead from the “results” section of the article and from the summary paragraphs in the “discussion” section.

• Write a fourth SUCCINCT paragraph that describes why the researchers think their findings are important (10 pts). What was their primary interpretation of the results? You will find the authors’ interpretation of the results in the “discussion” section of the article.

• End your essay with a clear and CONCISE concluding paragraph that describes your own point of view (20 pts). You might relate the method or findings to material that you learned from lectures. You might criticize some aspect of the article. You might highlight some aspect of the article that emphasizes its importance in a way that was not covered by the authors. You might suggest another way to study the question or ways to improve the study or to follow-up on the findings. Other options are also possible. You should demonstrate your facility with the material and your ability to integrate and generalize what you have learned in the unit.

• Write beautifully (10 pts). Avoid psychological jargon and define all technical terms. Remember, you will lose 1 point for each spelling error and each use of sexist language, so proofread your work.

PAPER ASSIGNMENT: General Guidelines Please follow directions and pay attention to the point structure. I strongly recommend that prior to turning in your paper, you visit the Writing Center. The Writing Center is located in 2S-216; you can contact them at 982-3635 to schedule an appointment. When you visit with a tutor, have the tutor sign the draft with his/her comments.

Citations And Quoting Writing a science paper is not the same as writing a humanities paper. Typically, in science papers, authors’ words are not quoted verbatim. In your paper, you will not need to quote an author’s words. Instead of quoting, put away the article or the textbook so that you will not be tempted to quote or plagiarize. Put the author’s idea into your own words, and cite the source of the idea. You will lose points for quoting. Any idea that is not common knowledge or common sense must be cited. You can consult the APA manual for guidance on appropriate citations or ask Dr. Karasik. You do not need to cite any material except the target article, but you may choose to cite from lectures, the Siegler textbook, or other peer-reviewed journal articles. Unacceptable “expert” sources are pop psychology books, other textbooks, web sites, magazines, newspapers, and television. Expert sources are published empirical evidence or theoretical claims by developmental psychologists that can be used to support your arguments. Format your citations and reference list according to APA (American Psychological Association) guidelines.

Examples of appropriate format for citations in the body of your essay include:

Gibson and Walk (1960) found that most infants avoid the edge of a precipice. However, avoidance responses may be linked with the duration of infants’ crawling experience (Campos, Bertenthal, & Kermoian, 1992).

If you have not read the original source, but only read about it in a secondary source (e.g., your textbook), you should cite it like this:

Gibson and Walk (1960, cited in Siegler, DeLoache, Eisenberg, & Saffron, 2014) found that most infants avoid the edge of a precipice. However, avoidance responses may be linked with the duration of infants’ crawling experience (Campos, Bertenthal, & Kermoian, 1992, cited in Siegler, et al., 2014).

If you have not read the original source, but only heard about it in one of my lectures, you should cite it like this:

Gibson and Walk (1960, cited in Karasik, 2014) found that most infants avoid the edge of a precipice. However, avoidance responses may be linked with the duration of infants’ everyday locomotor experience (e.g., Campos, Bertenthal, & Kermoian, 1992, cited in Adolph, 2013).

If you would like to cite material from one of my lectures, but I did not give author names and/or dates, you should cite it like this:

Researchers found that avoidance at the edge of a precipice is linked with infants’ everyday locomotor experience (cited in Karasik, 2014).

Note if you cite a secondary source (from text or lecture), you only need to include the secondary source in your reference list. Examples of appropriate format for citations in the reference list are:

Karasik, L. B. (2014, September). Motor development. Lecture presented to the Developmental Psychology course, College of Staten Island, NY.

Campos, J. J., Bertenthal, B. I. & Kermoian, R. (1992). Early experience and emotional development: The emergence of wariness of heights. Psychological Science, 3, 61- 64.

Gibson, E. J. & Walk, R. D. (1960). The "visual cliff". Scientific American, 202, 64-71. Siegler, R., DeLoache, J., Eisenberg, N., & Saffron, J. (2014). How children develop (4th ed).

New York: Worth Publishers.

Spelling, Typos, Sexist Language Use a spell checker and proofread. You will lose points for every instance of a misspelled word including: its/it's, their/there/they’re, ensure/insure, and affect/effect. Check your subject-verb and subject-pronoun agreement (“A child’s play is their work” = incorrect. “Children’s play is their work” = correct). You will lose points for this type of error. You will also lose points for every instance of sexist language. APA style suggests use of plurals (children/their/they) rather than masculine (the child...his...he) or feminine (the child...her...she), the awkward compromise he/she, his/her, or referring to children as “it.” You should only use gender- typed pronouns when you are referring to a particular researcher (e.g., Piaget, his theory) or a particular child (Little Albert, his fear). If you have questions regarding appropriate APA format or language, ask Dr. Karasik.

Techniques for Editing Your Paper Cut ideas before words

Deliberately limiting the scope of your summary makes the editing process less daunting. Although a research article is a scientific paper, the authors do tell a story. But, there are multiple points researchers can make. Rather than try to fit them all in your 2-page summary, focus on just one.

Keep the main thing the main thing Your summary can’t touch on everything that was in the original. So how do you find your focus? In most nonfiction or academic works, the beginning and end contain summaries of the whole. With fiction or creative nonfiction, it could be different. But even if the opening, teasing paragraphs don’t give away the main point, they should at least be setting up the main point for later.

Turn sections into sentences Once you have focused on a main point of the whole piece, look for the main points of each paragraph. Instead of writing an outline and then writing the piece, you are reading the piece and figuring out the outline. You could call it outlining in reverse. This process can also help you identify the main idea of the article, in case that was unclear.

Kill needless words or sentences Writers are often advised to read weigh each sentence, even word, to see if they contribute to your main point. When you have few sentences and few words, every sentence, every word, needs to pull its weight. This means that if a sentence, word, or paragraph is too vague and thus does not add to the idea of the section, cut it.

Rely on your memory When you first start writing your summary, don’t look at the details of the original. When you look away, your mind will automatically and subconsciously make sense of what you just read. This way, you’ll avoid the temptation to write details that may not be important to the main point of the paper. Then when you’re done, you may look back at the original document to see if your mind was right.

Don’t trim out the 6 Ws Keep in mind: ask Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. Your summary should answer these questions just as the original article did, in less detail. You may not have room to explain all the details, but use enough specifics so that your reader can follow what you’re saying.

Abstracts An academic abstract helps the researcher decide whether to read the entire article. An abstract for a scientific research paper will follow the basic outline of the original paper, particularly if it deals with experiments. Begin with the purpose of the experiments, what motivated the research, and the problem it was trying to solve. Include the scope of the experiment – a researcher can’t study everything or anybody at once. Describe the approach the researchers took, the methods they used, and the basic design of the study. Then discuss the major findings of the research – the results of the experiment. Finally, go over the conclusions the researchers came to, their interpretations of their results, the implications of those results. So, the abstract is a good outline to follow when setting up your paper. Each sentence of the abstract is essentially the topic sentence for each of the 5 paragraphs described above in the “Grading Criteria” section.