1.5 Redraft 3 paragraphs

Children tend to have a high propensity when it comes to complex prosthetic needs which contribute to high-costs in the care-giving process. According to Zuniga and Associates (2015), children experience constant growth, small size, psychosocial development, and shape, which contribute to more cases of complex prosthetic needs. Individuals and families may find themselves spending a lot of money when dealing with this situation since most prostheses created are expensive. Therefore, both government agencies and private insurances companies need to play a big role if they want to reduce the burden of high costs associated with children prosthetic needs suffered by individuals and families. Advancement in technology is causing radical changes in every industry including the medicine sector. Several studies show how the medical sector is applying the advanced technology of 3D-printing to develop a large range of various prostheses, which are mostly applied to Children (Zuniga et al., 2015; Kate et al., 2017; Alvial et al., 2018). Kate, Smit, and Breedveld (2017) assert that 3D-printing technique in designing prostheses is becoming very common among people across the world since the method is cheap and easy to develop hence making the process cheap. This paper will discuss how the use of a 3D printer in developing prostheses has positively improved the quality life of people not only in the United State of America but also across the globe as well as the 3D-printing techniques and the way these methods are harmful to human life.

Today, plenty of current upper limb prostheses are 3D-printed. However, according to Kate, Smit, and Breedveld (2017), no specific procedures for designing 3D-printed prostheses are in place. Moreover, a great example is Cyborg beast is a partial hand prosthesis replacing the fingers (Zuniga et al., 2015). It also contains, though not really finger but support the functionality of human hand. However, the weight of other part is usually greater than individual’s parts replaced because of the way it is designed. In addition, one is advised to have lighter prosthesis of not more than four hundred grams. According to studies, the preferred weight is always the same as the length of the stump (Alvial et al., 2018). It is also important to note that the partial hand prosthesis is weightier than human body part replaced. Therefore, for one to increase the comfortability of 3D-printed upper lump prostheses, one needs to provide all related information to the weight and fitting as well. Furthermore, there is no exact number of people using passive, external powered prostheses and body-powered in the world. Generally, many 3D-printed upper limb prostheses are being used globally only 10 percent of the prostheses are passive the remaining are both body-powered and external powered prostheses.

Most terminal tools applied in the making of 3D upper-limb tend to vary in terms of price. According to Alvial and Associates (2018) the prices for these terminal tools vary depending on the control mode of prosthetic parts. Most of them cost $4000 and the price can go even up to $20000. Kate, Smit and Breedveld (2017) also state that these devices need an extensive fitting procedure to come up with the best terminal device that includes a technical system of yokes and cables thus becoming affordable. Presently, there is the development of alternative new electronic power units and mechanical tools to cater for the needs of young people, but these technologies are too expensive for a common person to purchase, thus causing a lot of problems in most families all over the world. Therefore, it is crucial for these individuals and families to concentrate on the available affordable choices such extensive fitting procedure.

Thirdly, most of the fitting procedures needed for prosthetic hands comprise wrap molding using plastic bandages put over the limb affected. Luckily, in present days, 3D scanning is also used to develop various types of orthoses and prostheses (Kate, Smit & Breedveld, 2017). However, casting procedures order physical presence of people in need of a prosthetic hand. The individuals should accompany with their health care professionals at the same physical location. This is to ensure that all procedures given are strictly followed by the patients. Unfortunately, this may be another obstacle to many people, especially those staying in the countryside (Zuniga et al., 2015). Also, the equipment needed in the 3D scanning must be sophisticated and experts need to have adequate technical knowledge of getting measurements. Finally, it is a mandate for all affected individuals to pay a visit to the nearby healthcare institution for proper and accurate fitting process. Thus, the procedure of 3D scanning when it comes to physical presence of the affected person becomes tedious to people over further geographic locations and the equipment required in the procedure require a lot of time training due to its sophistication hence making the whole process tedious.

In conclusion, technological advancement of 3D-priniting is being applied in designing prostheses for people in need across the world especially when it comes to children prosthetic needs. However, research shows that despite the innovative idea being applied across the globe, there are no specific procedures that have been put in place for the 3D-printed prosthetics. A good example of this 3D-priniting prosthetics is Cyborg beast, which improves quality life of people by enhancing comfortability of use in these designs. However, most of the fitting procedures and designs for these 3D-printed prosthetics are very expensive which strain individuals and families in need, where research suggests for the choice of affordable extensive fitting procedure. 3D printing of prostheses requires training on how to use the equipment which proves to be tedious as well as the need for physical presence during the 3D scanning, which strains people from further geographic boundaries. Despite, the few misgivings of the 3D-printing of prosthesis, this medical technological advancement is proving to be more effective than the procedures applied before in terms of efficiency of the prosthesis as well as the affordability of such treatment.