Statistical Analysis of Data for Thesis

Timeline of Key Events

A. Six Day War (1967): Israel seized Golan Heights from Syria, West Bank from Jordan, and Gaza & Sinai Peninsula from

Egypt. Israel was now occupying the Palestinian territories including all of Jerusalem and its holy sites. ​(​Kurtulus, E. N. (2007). The Notion of a pre-emptive War: The Six Day War Revisited. ​The Middle East Journal,​ ​61​(2), 220-238.)

B. PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) founded in 1964 with the objective to liberate Palestine, initially using armed struggle. Was created after the Arab Summit of 1964 as an organization to represent the Palestinian people. ​(​"Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations." Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations - Palestine National Charter of 1964. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20101130144018/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/pid/12363.)

C. Camp David Accords (1978): US-brokered agreement that led to peace between Egypt and Israel, Sinai Peninsula went back to Egypt. Beginning of the end of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict and other Arab states began to make peace with Israel. ​(​The

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Camp David Accords.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., January 31, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/event/Camp-David-Accords.)

D. First Intifada 1987-1993: A grassroots uprising against Israel that began in December 1987 after Israeli truck crashed into two vans carrying Palestinian workers at the Jabaliya refugee camp, killing four of them ​(​Bader Araj and Robert J. Brym, “Intifadah,” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., last modified May 2, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/intifadah)

E. Hamas founded in 1987: Opposed the secular approach of the PLO and favored military conflict as a means to liberate Palestine. Tactics include rocket attacks and suicide bomb attacks on civilian and military targets associated with Israel. Unlike the PLO, they refused to accept Israel or cede any territory belonging to historic Palestine ​(​The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Hamas,” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., January 17, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hamas.)

F. Oslo Accords 1993: Israeli acknowledged the Palestinian Authority (PA) in exchange for accepting Israel’s right to exist, officially establishing a Palestinian state with administrative institutions. ​(​Murphy, Kim. "Israel and PLO, in Historic Bid for Peace, Agree to Mutual Recognition : Mideast: After Decades of Conflict, Accord Underscores Both Sides' Readiness to Coexist. Arafat Reaffirms the Renunciation of Violence in Strong Terms." Los Angeles Times. September 10, 1993. Accessed June 22, 2020. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html.)

G. Camp David 2000: Summit between Palestinian, Israeli, and US presidents with the objective to end the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, which ended with no agreement. ​(​"Trilateral Statement on the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David." U.S. Department of State. July 25, 2000. Accessed June 22, 2020. ​https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/22698.htm​.)

H. Operation Defense Shield (2002): Launched by Israel to block armed Palestinians from entering its territory, however, the barrier set up deviates from the pre-1967 ceasefire line into the West Bank ​("Palestinian Territories - Timeline." BBC News. April 08, 2019. Accessed June 22, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29362505.)

I. Second Intifada 2000-2005: ​Due to frustration with peace talks not yielding a sovereign Palestinian state, a second uprising began. Unlike the First Intifada, the Second Intifada was even more violent with suicide bombings becoming a popular attack method against civilians targets and an increase in other violent acts of terrorism. ​(​Bader Araj and Robert J. Brym, “Intifadah,” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., last modified May 2, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/intifadah)

J. Gaza is taken over by Hamas (2007)- This takeover splits Palestine with the West Bank being under the authority of the PLO-affiliated party Fatah and the Gaza Strip under Hamas rule. Israeli blockade ensues​ (Amnesty, “​Gaza: Palestinians Tortured, Summarily Killed by Hamas Forces during 2014 Conflict,” Amnesty International, last modified May 27, 2015, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/05/gaza-palestinians-tortured-summarily-killed-by-hamas-forces-during-2014-c onflict/.)

K. Trump’s pro-Israel policies enflame conflict begininning in 2017 with his declaration that Jerusalem will be recognized as the capital of Israel. Hamas gave their full support to Fatah with the PA’s president Mamoud Abbas warning of dangerous consequences for the peace process. (https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/06/568748383/how-is-the-world-reacting-to-u-s-plan-to-recognize-jerusale m-as-israeli-capital.)