Read the Book(Uploaded) and write about the questions(each 1150~200 words)

S-6 S u b j e c t I n d e x

Marriage (Continued ) sexual norms in, 155 and social class, 215, 309, 313 spouse abuse, 330, 331–32 successful, 332–33 symbolic interactionist

perspective on, 14, 93, 306–8

and testosterone levels, 233 two-paycheck, 306–8, 318

Marxism, 7 Masculinities, 228 Masculinity, 80, 81, 158, 231,

243–44, 306–7 Mass media, 80. See also

Advertising anime, 51 and body image, 117 conflict perspective on, 104–5 control of, 104–5 functionalist perspective on, 104 and gender, 80–82, 243 gender relations in Iran, 235 in Japan, 81 movies, 55 and Native Americans, 55 newsmagazines, 105 and pornography, 164 as a social institution, 104–5 and stereotypes, 80–82 television, 80–81, 82 video games as, 81, 82, 133

Master status, 102–3, 154, 228 Matchmaking, 305 Mate selection. See also Marriage

changes in, 305 as cultural theme, 304 Internet dating sites, 305 and love, 308–10 polygyny, 302 and social class, 215

Material culture, 38, 60, 61 Matriarchy, 231, 304 Matrilineal system of descent, 304 Mattel Toys, 62 McDonald’s, 62 Means of production, 201–2 Mechanical solidarity, 107, 108 Medical accidents, 232–33 Medical experiments, 263 Medicalization, of deviance, 178,

179–81 Medicine. See also Health and

health care; Surgery and computers, 61 and cultural lag, 61 escalating errors/cascades, 146 gender in, 244–45, 246, 248 gynecological examinations,

120–21 and midwives, 237 plastic surgery, 117 racism in, 263 sexism in, 244–45, 246 as a social institution, 105

Melting pot, 269 Menstruation, 245 Mental illness

and the homeless, 180–81 inequality of care for, 214–15 myth of, 179–81 personality disorders, 156–57 and social class, 214

Meritocracy, 199 Mexican Americans, 280, 283,

286. See also Latinos

Mexico, 44, 45, 155, 195, 198, 268–69, 284

Miami, 47 Microchip, effects on society, 129,

132 Micro-level analysis, 110–21 Microlevel of sociology, 18 Microsociological perspective

and background assumptions, 118–19

described, 98 and macrosociology, 18–19, 98,

121 and presentation of self, 113–18 and social construction of

reality, 119–21 and symbolic interaction,

110–13 Middle age, 92 Middle class, 83–84, 162–63, 179,

289, 313, 315 lower, 212 upper, 211–12

Middle Eastern countries, 193 Midwives, 237 Migration, 269 Milgram experiments, 140,

147–48 Military. See also War

and groupthink, 149 helmet manufacturing for, 169 rape in, 254–55 and resocialization, 89 Saddam Hussein’s capture,

139 sexual harassment in, 254–55 as a social institution, 105 soldiers, 233, 243–44, 254–55

Mind, development of, 70–73 Minority group(s). See also

Race–ethnicity; specific groups and access to power, 169–70 distribution in U.S., 281 and dominant groups, 268–69 emergence of, 268–69 numbers of, 280 shared characteristics of, 268–69 women as, 234–36, 268

Minutemen (border patrol), 283 “Miss Rivers’ Lodge,” 263 Money. See Income; Property;

Wealth Monkeys, 42, 69–70 Monogamy, 54 Moral holidays, 49–50 Morality

development of, 74–75 and gender, 75, 323 and science, 156–57, 164

Mores, 50, 51 Mormons, 54, 58 Morocco, culture of, 37–38, 119 Mortgage loans, 272–73 Most Industrialized Nations, 190

income distribution in, 192–93 land and population distribution

in, 190 Mothers. See Single mothers Motivation, social stratification

and, 199–200 Motorcyclists, 52, 54, 162 Movies, 55, 274–75 Multiculturalism, 276, 279, 297 Multinational corporations. See

Globalization of capitalism Murder. See also Genocide

of African Americans, 10, 287, 290

of Brazilian children, 191 and gangs, 127–28, 158 and honor, 158, 237 by Mafia, 158 serial, 176, 178 sex of victims and killers, 257

Muslims. See Islam Myth(s)

about the poor, 220 about welfare, 220 of equality in law, 169–70 Horatio Alger, 222 of mental illness, 179–81 of race, 264–66 of the small world phenomenon,

140

N 9/11, 137 NAACP (National Association for

the Advancement of Colored People), 10, 12, 49, 287, 290

Nannies, 312–13 NASA (National Aeronautics and

Space Administration), 149 National Women’s Party, 241 Native Americans, 292–94. See also

Race–ethnicity; specific tribes /nations attempted enslavement of, 187 berdache among, 303 and casinos, 294 comparative well-being statistics,

286 discrimination against, 293 diversity among, 292–93 and education, 247, 286, 293 ethnic identity, 270 family structure of, 315, 317–18 and genocide, 278, 293 as invisible minority, 293–94 in the mass media, 55 number of, 280, 292–93, 296,

297 population transfer of, 293 and poverty, 220, 286 and segregation, 293 and separatism, 294 treaties with, 293, 294 and Westerns, 55

Natural disasters, 122–23 Natural selection, 59 Nature vs. nurture (biology and

behavior) and deviance, 156–57 and gender, 79, 228–33, 245 and homosexuality, 59–60 and human characteristics,

66–70 social structure, 99–100 sociobiology, 59–60, 156–57

Nayars, the, 303 Nazis

creating prejudice, 274–75 and degradation ceremonies,

161 Hitler Youth, 67 Holocaust, 137, 148, 264, 266,

278 and New World Order, 264,

266 Negative sanctions, 48 Neighborhoods, 84, 158 Neo-Nazis, 271, 272

Networks, social, 139–40 Neutral questions, 24 Neutralization techniques, 161–62 New Orleans, Louisiana, 185 New technology, 60–61. See also

Internet; Mass media and communication, 60–61 computers in medicine, 61 and electronic communities,

140 and the global village, 60–61 and reproduction, 134, 319

New World Order, 264, 266 New York Zoological Society, 277 News reporting, 104–5 Nike, 62 “Nintendo Generation,” 81 Nonmaterial (symbolic) culture,

38, 44–51, 60–61 Nonverbal interaction, 19 Norms, 48. See also Deviance

and culture, 48–50, 58 functions of, 154–55 internalization of, 271, 273 making social life possible,

154–55 and moral holidays, 49–50 and peer groups, 87 and social institutions, 105

Nouveau riche, 211 Nursing infants, 157

O Obedience experiments, 147–48 Obesity, 117 Objectivity, in research, 32 Oil rich nations, 193 Oneida, the, 294 One-parent families, 318. See also

Single mothers Onondaga Nation, 317 Open-ended questions, 24, 26 Operational definition, 21 Opportunity, illegitimate, 166–68 Organic solidarity, 107–8 Organized crime, 158 Orphanages, 68–69 Out-groups, 137–38, 275

P Pan-Indianism, 294 Parenthood. See also Child rearing;

Single mothers changing meanings of, 14–15,

321 child care responsibilities, 306–8 fatherhood, 315, 328, 329 grandparents as parents, 322–23

Participant observation of bikers, 162 of gangs, 167 of the homeless, 3, 97–98,

180–81, 185 of honor and violence, 158 of medicine, 246 of pelvic examinations, 120–21 of racists, 272 as a research method, 26 of the Yanomamö, 153

Passenger pigeons, 57 Pastoral and horticultural societies,

129–30 Patriarchy, 231, 234–36, 304 Patrilineal system of descent, 304 Patterns, 38