Read the Book(Uploaded) and write about the questions(each 1150~200 words)

Ideology, 187, 208 Ifaluk (of Micronesia), 76 Illegitimate opportunity structure,

166–68 Illiteracy, 237 Immigrants

assimilation of, 40, 47, 279, 281–82, 292

Chinese, 291 and Hull–House, 10 illegal/unauthorized, 283, 284 Latinos, 47, 86 push and pull factors of, 284 and racial–ethnic mix in U.S.,

295, 296 socialization of, 86

Implicit Association Test, 271 Impression management, 114–18 Incarceration, 170–74 Incest and incest taboo, 58, 304,

306, 332 Income, 203. See also Poverty;

Wealth and attractiveness, 112, 117 of CEOs, 204–5 distribution in U.S., 204–6, 222 and divorce, 326, 329 and education, 251 and gender, 237, 248, 250–53,

259 inequality of, 204–6 of Native Americans, 294 and race–ethnicity, 220, 286,

288, 289, 291 and wealth, distinguished, 203 of working poor, 212 world distribution, 192–93

Indentured service, 187, 239 Independent variables, 28 India, 187

British rule of, 268 caste system in, 279 marriage in, 307, 309 photos of, 44, 154, 187, 234,

238–39, 307, 309 surrogate mothers in, 319

Individualism, 54, 146 Indonesia, 91, 240 Industrial Revolution, 131. See also

Industrialization and adolescence, 91 effects on society, 131 and origin of sociology, 5

Industrial societies, 130, 131 Industrialization. See also Industrial

Revolution and childhood, 90–91 children and, 191 development of, 131, 194–95 and development of sociology, 5 families and, 15–16, 90–91 and meaning of “old age,” 92 and types of society, 131

Industrializing Nations, 190–91, 192, 194 childhood in, 191 income distribution in, 192–93 land and population distribution

in, 190 Inequality. See Social inequality Information societies, 131–32 In-groups, 137–38, 275 Inheritance, 304 Initiation rites, 91 Inner city, poverty in, 220, 289 Institutionalized means, 165

Instrumental leaders, 144 Intelligence, 68–69 Interaction. See Social interaction Intergenerational mobility, 217 Intergroup relations, global

patterns of, 276–79 Internal colonialism, 276, 279 Internet

avatars, 133 dating/mate selection, 305 and day care, 312 electronic communities on,

140 gender relations in Iran, 235 pornography on, 164 shaming sites, 160

Interracial marriage and endogamy, 304 forbidden in U.S., 189, 265,

279 patterns in U.S., 292, 310, 334

Interracial student organizations, 265

Interview, 24, 26 Intimacy, in marriage, 14 Intimacy rape, 331–32 Inventions. See also New technology

microchip, 129, 132 plow, 129, 131 and social change, 104, 131–34 and social revolutions, 129,

131–34 steam engine, 129, 131

Invisible knapsack, 282 Iran, 235 Iraq, 139 Iraq War, 62, 149 Iroquois, the, 292, 294 Islam, 108, 178, 279 Israel, 268

J Japan, 198

body image in, 117 corporations in, 141 cultural leveling in, 62 culture of, 141 group identity in, 141 socialization of children in, 81 teamwork in, 141

Japanese Americans. See Asian Americans

Jews as an out-group, 137–38 anti-Semitism, 137–38, 272,

274–75 of Ethiopia, 268 as ethnic group, 266, 268 genocide/Holocaust, 137, 148,

264, 266, 278 and hate crimes, 179 Nazis creating prejudice against,

274–75 Jim Crow laws, 285

K Kenya, 130, 155 Khmer Rouge, 66 Kosovo, 278–79 Ku Klux Klan, 138, 271, 272

L Labeling

and delinquents, 121, 161–63 and deviance, 161–63

and perception, 276 and prejudice, 276, 278 race and self-labeling, 49

Labeling theory, 161–63 Labor. See Work Laissez-faire leaders, 144, 145 Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri,

49–50 Land, population distribution and,

190 Language, 45–48

accents and housing discrimination, 290

body language, 113 and culture, 45–48, 68 and day care, 85 “English only” movement, 283 and ethnic relations, 47 feminine terms as insults,

243–44 functions of, 45–48 and perception, 48 Spanish in U.S., 47, 86, 283

Latent function/dysfunction, 15 Latinos, 283–85. See also

Race–ethnicity car culture of, 56 comparative well-being statistics,

286 and culture, 56, 86 on death row, 177 diversity among, 283–85, 286 and education, 86, 247, 285,

286 family structure of, 315, 316 and housing, 286 learning a new culture, 86 and mortgages, 272, 273 numbers of, 280, 283, 296, 297 and politics, 284–85 poverty/income of, 220, 286,

288 residence patterns of, 283 and social class, 283–84 and Spanish language, 47, 86,

283 terms for, 280, 283 undocumented workers, 283,

284 Law. See also Criminal justice

system conflict perspective on, 169–70 and oppression, 169–70 as social institution, 105 unintended consequences

of, 172–74 unusual laws, 177

Leaders, 143. See also Authority authoritarian, 144, 145 democratic, 144, 145 expressive, 144 and groupthink, 148–50 instrumental, 144 laissez faire, 144, 145

Leadership, 143–45, 272 Leadership styles, 144–45 Least Industrialized Nations, 194

child labor in, 90 income distribution in, 192–93 land and population distribution

in, 190 poverty in, 196–97

Legal system, 169–70 Leisure, 56, 129, 130 Lesbians. See Homosexuals Life course, 89–93, 313–14

Life expectancy, of Native Americans, 293

Lifestyles and health, 214 of the super-rich, 206

Living together. See Cohabitation Loans, 272–73 Looking-glass self, 70–71 Looks. See Beauty/looks Los Angeles, 287 Lottery winners, 209 Love/romance

in India, 309 and marriage, 56, 308–10 meaning of, 15 research on attraction, 308,

310 Lower middle class, 212 Lowrider shows, 56 Loyalty, 137, 161 Lumpenproletariat, 202 Lynching, 10, 290

M Macro level of sociology, 18 Macro-level analysis, 99–104, 121 Macrosociological perspective

and culture, 100 and microsociology, 18–19, 98,

110–21 and social class, 100 and social status, 100–103 and social structure, 99–104,

121 Macy’s, 167 Mafia, 158, 159 Manifest function/dysfunction, 15 Maquiladoras, 195, 198 Mardi Gras, 50 Marginal working class, 169 Marietta College, 256 Marines, U.S., 89 Marriage, 133, 302–3. See also

Cohabitation; Divorce; Families; Mate selection age at, 93, 321, 334 arranged, 309 and caste, 309 changing meanings of, 14 child care responsibilities, 306–8 childless, 318 children, effect on, 311–12, 326 commitment in, 14, 322, 323 conflict perspective on, 18, 306 cultural themes of, 303–4, 309 of dead sons in China, 303 decision-making in, 306 and empty nest, 313 equality, emerging, 307–8 functionalist perspective

on, 16–17, 304–6 future of, 333 and gender roles, 306–8 and housework, 306–8, 334 and incest, 58 interracial, 189, 265, 279, 292,

304, 310, 334 and intimacy, 14 and love, 56, 308–10 never married, 322, 334 polygyny/polyandry, 54, 302 postponing, 321 rape in, 331–32 and remarriage, 329 same-sex, 303, 320 and “second shift,” 306–8

S u b j e c t I n d e x S-5