Read the Book(Uploaded) and write about the questions(each 1150~200 words)

medicalization of, 178, 179–81 and mental illness, 179–81 and moral holidays, 49–50 neutralization of, 161–62 and peers, 158 and pornography, 164 reactions to, 170–82 relativity of, 154, 157, 158,

164 sexual, 155, 160, 164, 176 and social change, 164 and social class, 121, 157,

162–63, 169–70, 179 symbolic interactionist

perspective on, 154, 157–63, 164, 179

and values, 165–66 Differential association theory,

157–59 Diffusion

of culture, 61–62 of responsibility, 143

“Dirty work,” 137–38, 276 Disabilities, people with, 102, 103 Disasters, 122–23 Discrimination, 271. See also

Prejudice; Racism; specific racial–ethnic groups as an everyday burden, 289–90 and criminal records, 33 ethnic cleansing, 264, 266 and gender/women, 130–31,

230, 234–40, 241–49, 253–54, 290

and hate crimes, 169–70, 177–78

in health care, 244–45, 273 and the homeless, 180–81 in housing/mortgages, 272–73,

290 individual and institutional,

271–73 and in-/out-groups, 137–38, 275 and segregation, 287 socially acceptable, 110 and stereotypes, 276 systemic, 272, 273 unintentional, 273

“Distance zones,” 113 Diversity. See also Homosexuals;

Minority group(s); Race–ethnicity among Asian Americans, 291 among Latinos, 283–85 among Native Americans,

292–93 and contradictory standards,

138–39 in U.S. population, 280–81,

314–20 Division of labor, 107

and gender, 128–29, 130–31, 230, 234–36, 238–39, 306–8

in hunting and gathering societies, 128–29

in pastoral and horticultural societies, 130

and social solidarity, 107 Divorce

and blended families, 320, 327 children of, 326–28 and cohabitation, 322, 323 conflict perspective on, 18 and custody of children, 318 and ex-spouses, 329

factors in, 326 fatherhood after, 329 functionalist perspective on, 18 and grandchildren, 328–29 in Iran, 235 measuring, 324–28 and remarriage, 329 and sex of firstborn, 326 and social class, 215 statistics on, 324–28 symbolic interactionist

perspective on, 14, 18 Documents, in research, 26–27 Dog fighting, 162 Dolls, 62 Domestic partnerships, 320 Domestication revolution, 129–30,

131 Dominant groups, 268 Double standard, 323 Downward social mobility, 217 Dramaturgy, 113–18 Drug-Fee Youth in Town

(DEFYIT), 158 Duke University, 254 Dump people, 196–97 Dupont Circle, 97–98 Dyads, 141, 142–43 Dysfunctions, of nuclear family,

306

E Economic crisis, 272–73 Economy, the. See also Capitalism;

Globalization of capitalism biotech society, 132–34 capitalism, 7, 17 depressions and discrimination,

138 and home mortgages, 272–73 as a social institution, 105

Education. See also College; Schools and the Amish, 109 conflict perspective on, 85 “corridor curriculum” in, 85 credentials/diplomas, 248 and crime, 171, 175 and culture, 61 and divorce, 326 functionalist perspective on, 85 and gender, 237, 245–49, 259 “hidden curriculum” in, 85 and income, 216, 251 and pay gap, 251 and peer group influence, 85, 87 of racial–ethnic groups, 246,

247, 286 in the 1800s, 61 and the school year, 61 segregation in, 188 and social class, 85, 166,

215–16 as a social institution, 105 as a value, 55–56

Egalitarian, 304 Ego, 74 Egypt, 240 Elderly

defining “old,” 92, 94 and industrialization, 92 in industrialized societies, 92 and the life course, 92 and sandwich generation, 324

Electronic communities, 140 Elite. See Power elite Emotional overload, 306

Emotions, 44, 45, 75–77, 231 Empty nest, 313 Endogamy, 188, 304 “English only” movement, 283 Environment, as a value, 57 Ethics in research, 30–32, 148 Ethiopian Jews, 268 Ethnic cleansing, 264, 266, 279.

See also Genocide Ethnic conflicts, 264 Ethnic maps, 271 Ethnic work, 269, 270 Ethnicity, 266–68. See also

Race–ethnicity construction of, 269 U.S. diversity, 280, 283, 291,

292 Ethnocentrism, 39, 42, 43, 229,

292 Ethnomethodology, 118–19 Europe, 7, 194–95 Everyday life. See also Reality, social

construction of and beauty, 43, 112, 143 and body image, 117 and changing culture, 56–57 and eye contact, 37, 113 gender inequality in, 243–44 and gestures, 44–45 and height, 37, 44, 45, 143, 252 impression management in,

114–18 personal space in, 38, 111, 112 and racial–ethnic relations,

289–90 roles in, 113–18 stereotypes in, 111, 112

Exchange mobility, 217 Exogamy, 304, 306 Experimental group, 28 Experiment(s), 27, 28. See also

Research by Asch, 145–46 by Harlow, 69–70 on leadership, 143 by Milgram, 147–48 as a research method, 28 unethical, 31–32

Expressive leaders, 144 Extinction of species, 57 Eye contact, 37, 113

F Face-saving behavior, 116 Face-to-face interaction, 110, 113,

143 Factories. See Industrialization;

Maquiladoras False class consciousness, 202 Families, 300–335, 302. See also

Children; Divorce; Marriage absent fathers, 328, 329 abuse/violence in, 257, 330–32 of African Americans, 314–15 of Asian Americans, 315,

316–17 authority in, 304 blended, 320, 327 and “boomerang kids,” 313–14 childless, 318 and cloning, 134 conflict perspective on, 17, 306 and deviance, 158 diversity in, 314–20 extended, 302, 306, 316 and fatherhood, 315, 329

functionalist perspective on, 15–16, 106, 304–6

functions of, 15–16, 106, 128 future of, 333 gay and lesbian, 320 gender messages in, 77–78 grandparents, 322–23 in hunting and gathering

societies, 128 and industrialization, 15–16,

90–91 of Latinos, 315, 316 of Native Americans, 315,

317–18 nuclear, 302, 306 one-parent, 318 (See also Single

mothers) of orientation, 302 as a primary group, 135, 136 of procreation, 302 and “sandwich generation,” 324 size of, 310–11, 318, 334 and social class, 83–84, 215,

315, 316 as a social institution, 105 symbolic interactionist

perspective on, 14–15 and technology, 319 trends in, 321–24

Fatherhood, 315, 328, 329 FBI (Federal Bureau of

Investigation), 290 Female circumcision, 189, 240 Femininity(ies), 228, 231, 243–44 Feminism and feminists, 241

and circumcision, 240 and conflict perspective, 17, 107 and Freud, 74 and gender, 30, 107 and sexual harassment, 254–55 and social theory, 17, 76, 107 three waves of, 243 and violence, 257

Feminist sociologists, 30 Feral children, 66 Fictive kin, 315 Fieldwork. See Participant

observation Fieldwork research, 26 Firestone tires, 166, 167 First world, 190 Fisk University, 11 Folkways, 50, 51 Food

bioengineering of, 132 customs, 3, 37–38, 42 fat and heart disease, 146

Football, 53, 78, 101 Footbinding, 237 Ford Explorers, 166 Foreign Miner’s Act of 1850, 291 Formal operational stage, 73 Fraud, scientific, 25 French Quarter, New Orleans, 185 Friends, 135, 137, 158. See also

Peers Front stages, 114 Frustration, 274 Functional analysis, 15

latent functions, 15, 85 as macrosociology, 18, 98 manifest functions, 15, 85

Functional requisites, 106 Functionalist perspective

on crime and deviance, 163–68, 174

S u b j e c t I n d e x S-3