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nicole wilcox 

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Anemia is defined when blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells (hemoglobin) (National Heat Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2016). When a patient is diagnosed with anemia, the body doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood (NHLBI, 2016). Anemia has different causes and there are different types (NHLBI, 2016). Anemia can results from impaired erythrocyte production, blood loss, increased erythrocyte destruction or a combination of these factors (Huether & McCance, 2017). Symptoms of anemia depend on how severe, but can include pale mucus membranes, shortness of breath with or without exertion, dizziness and fatigue (Huether & McCance, 2017).

   Anemia affects approximately 25% of the population (Warner & Kamran, 2018). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia affecting 50% of patient diagnosed with anemia (Warner & Kamran, 2018). IDA can occur due to inadequate dietary intake or blood loss (Huether & McCance, 2017). IDA happens over stages, first the body’s iron stored red blood cell production is depleted, then insufficient amounts of iron are transported to the marrow causing red cell production to begin, finally the deficient red blood cells replace the aged erythrocytes and IDA starts (Heuther & McCance, 2017). It is vital to correct the reason for IDA prior to replacement (Huether & McCance, 2017). When addressing the reason such as stopping blood loss iron replacement therapy is effective (Huether & McCance, 2017).

The second most common form of anemia is chronic inflammatory anemia (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], 2019). Chronic Inflammatory Anemia is caused by conditions that cause inflammation, common conditions are infections, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and kidney disease (NIDDK, 2019). While IDA will cause iron in the body to be depleted chronic inflammatory anemia may have a normal amount of iron stored in the body (NIDDK, 2019). The inflammation in the body may prevent the body from using the stored iron to make new red blood cells (NIDDK, 2019). Although chronic inflammatory anemia causes the hemoglobin to be low is usually is not severely low causing this condition to be mild to moderate (NIDDK, 2019).

References

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], (2019). Anemia of inflammation or chronic disease. What is anemia of inflammation?Retrieved from:  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/anemia-inflammation-chronic-disease

National Heat Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], (2016). Iron-deficiency anemia. Retrieved from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia

Warner, M.J. & Kamran, M.T. (2018). Anemia, iron deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/

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