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OverviewofCulturalRacialandEthnic1.pptxOverview of Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic Groups CH2
The categories mentioned in this course were established by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2008. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with this information and then seek to broaden one’s knowledge, based on the frequency of interactions with patients who associate themselves within these categories. These categories are listed on page 8 of your text Cultural Competency for the Health Professional (Rose 2013). Persons may chose multiple racial and the ethnic categories. The importance of exploring a patient’s background is essential in providing optimal care.
Racial Groups
Race is defined differently by different entities. Wikipedia defines race as a social concept used to categorize people into large and distinct groups by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geography, historical, linguistic, religious, and or social affiliation.
Merriam Webster defines race as a class sharing similar physical characteristics and some similarities of culture and history.
Definitions of Race…….
How does your patient see themselves in relation to their race?
How does a patient’s race and ethic associations impact their views about healthcare?
The history of the African American/Black has its beginnings from when the Africans were brought from Africa to the New World as slaves.
African American/Black is the largest racial minority group in the US according to OMB.
In terms of where African Americans/Blacks mostly reside; OMB found six areas that are mostly in the southern and eastern portions of the US.
OMB refers to African Americans/Blacks as having origins in any of the African black racial groups; although not everyone identifies with African American if their kin are from Jamaica, Haiti, or Trinidad. So, the term African American/Black may be offensive to individuals based on where and who they identify themselves with.
Best practice would be to ask, not assume, how an individual views themselves so that good patient communication and trust is established.
African American/Black
As defined by the OMB
These individuals are the only racial group that are endemic to the United States.
Columbus claimed to have discovered America, even though this racial group was already well established.
The term Indian may be quite offensive to a Native American/Alaskan Native because that was what Columbus termed this group of individuals based on his assumption that he landed in India.
Knowing that the term Indian may be offensive to some is important for patient communication and trust.
Native American/Alaskan Native
As defined by the OMB
Native Americans have suffered by losing their land in very brutal ways throughout history, which has caused serious health ramifications and disparities within this racial group.
The Alaskan Native grouping is made up of Native Americans and Eskimos living in Alaska.
Individuals in this category have origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands.
Differences in language and cultural beliefs vary within this group because Asia is so large.
Asian American/Pacific Islander
As defined by the OMB
Because there are such variations in language it can be a challenge for healthcare professional to communicate effectively.
Fully understanding where an individual is from, as well as who they identifying themselves with, leads to better overall care.
Immigrants that represent a dozen European nationalities colonized the New World.
The OMB reports the white race is the current majority in the United States.
This group comprises of individuals from Europe, North Africa, or Middle East.
This is where racial groups blur because you have immigrants who are thought of differently by different races.
Once again this raises the importance of how each individual perceives themselves, not necessarily how they are categorized by OMB.
White
As defined by the OMB
The important fact here Is that OMB categorizes Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic group not a racial group. When providing care to an Hispanic/Latino individuals it is important to inquire about where this person was born and how they associate themselves.
Ethnic Groups
Hispanic/Latino
