Social Science Labor Assignment

THE HIGH COST OF HOUSING

N A T I O N A L L O W I N C O M E H O U S I N G C O A L I T I O N

Established in 1974 by Cushing N. Dolbeare, the National Low Income Housing Coalition is dedicated solely to achieving socially just public policy that ensures people with the lowest incomes in the United States have affordable and decent homes. NLIHC educates, organizes, and advocates to ensure decent, affordable housing for everyone.

NLIHC provides up-to-date information, formulates policy, and educates the public on housing needs and the strategies for solutions. Permission to reprint portions of this report or the data therein is granted, provided appropriate credit is given to the National Low Income Housing Coalition. Additional copies of Out of Reach are available from NLIHC.

Additional Local Data Can Be Found Online at www.nlihc.org/oor

The Print / PDF version of Out of Reach contains limited data in an effort to present the most important information in a limited number of pages.

The Out of Reach methodology was developed by Cushing N. Dolbeare, founder of the National Low Income Housing Coalition.

NLIHC STAFF Xavier Arriaga Kyle Arbuckle Andrew Aurand Victoria Bourret Alayna Calabro Josephine Clarke Dan Emmanuel Ed Gramlich Kim Johnson Paul Kealey Mike Koprowski Joseph Lindstrom May Louis-Juste Lisa Marlow Khara Norris Noah Patton Ikra Rafi Catherine Reeves Sarah Saadian Brooke Schipporeit Daniel Threet Chantelle Wilkinson Renee Willis Rebecca Yae Diane Yentel

NLIHC BOARD OF DIRECTORS Marla Newman, Chair | Winston-Salem, NC Dora Gallo, First Vice-Chair | Los Angeles, CA Bob Palmer, Second Vice Chair | Chicago, IL Ann O'Hara, At-Large Executive Committee | Boston, MA Nan Roman, At-Large Executive Committee | Washington, DC Emma "Pinky" Clifford, Secretary | Pine Ridge, SD Moises Loza, Treasurer | Alexandria, VA Cathy Alderman | Denver, CO Peggy Bailey | Washington, DC Dara Baldwin | Washington, DC

Policy Analyst Housing Advocacy Organizer

Vice President for Research Housing Advocacy Organizer

Policy Analyst Executive Assistant

Senior Research Analyst Senior Advisor

Housing Policy Analyst Chief Operating Officer

National Campaign Director Director for Field Organizing

Communications Specialist Manager of Media Relations and Communications

Director of Administration Housing Policy Analyst

Creative Services Specialist Development Coordinator

Vice President of Public Policy Housing Advocacy Organizer

Research Analyst Housing Campaign Coordinator

Vice President for Field and Communications Senior Research Analyst

President and CEO

Russell “Rusty” Bennett | Birmingham, AL Loraine Brown | New York, NY Yanira Cortes | Toms River, NJ Deidre “DeeDee” Gilmore | Charlottesville, VA Aaron Gornstein | Boston, MA Bambie Hayes-Brown | Atlanta, GA Erhard Mahnke | Burlington, VT Rachael Myers | Seattle, WA Karlo Ng | San Francisco, CA Chrishelle Palay | Houston, TX Eric Price | Washington, DC Shalonda Rivers | Opa-Locka, FL Michael Steele | New York, NY Mindy Woods | Seattle, WA

2020 ANDREW AURAND, PH.D., MSW Vice President for Research

DAN EMMANUEL, MSW Senior Research Analyst

DAN THREET, PH.D. Research Analyst

IKRA RAFI Creative Services Specialist

DIANE YENTEL, MSSW President and CEO

Data for other states, metropolitan areas, counties, and zip codes can be found at http://nlihc.org/oor

Front Cover: Tents are pitched using social distancing to help slow the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at a sanctioned homeless encampment christened Safe Sleeping Village in a square next to city hall in San Francisco, California, U.S. May 19, 2020. © REUTERS / Dronebase Dronebase - stock.adobe.com

Design and Layout by Ikra Rafi, NLIHC Creative Services Specialist Copyright © 2020 by the National Low Income Housing Coalition

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Rising Inequality, Low Wages, and the Widespread Unaffordable Cost of Rental Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Low-Wage Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Racial and Ethnic Housing Disparities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

The Systemic Shortage of Affordable Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Federal Policy to Secure Affordable Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The Numbers in This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

USER'S GUIDE How to Use the Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Where the Numbers Come From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

TABLES AND MAPS 2020 Two-Bedroom Rental Housing Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2020 Hours at Minimum Wage Needed to Afford a One-Bedroom Rental Home at Fair Market Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Most Expensive Jurisdictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

States Ranked by Two-Bedroom Housing Wage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

State Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

STATE PAGES Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Lousiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION ii

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

APPENDICES Appendix A: Local Minimum Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Appendix B: Data Notes, Methodologies, and Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

PREFACE BY U.S. SENATOR SHERROD BROWN (D-OH)

For over 30 years, Out of Reach has been an indispensable tool documenting the gap between renters’ incomes and the cost of housing.

This vital work has never been more relevant.

The coronavirus pandemic has been the “great revealer,” laying bare the inequities in our society, and reminding us how our homes affect every aspect of our lives, including our health.

Right now, our efforts to ensure that everyone has a safe, healthy home to weather the coronavirus storm are hampered by the fact that we already had a housing crisis in this country before this virus ever hit our shores.

As this year’s Out of Reach shows, the persistent gap between renters’ incomes and the cost of housing continues. Many of our essential workers - grocery store employees, home health aides, custodians at hospitals – have risked their lives during the pandemic, but don’t get paid enough to afford housing.

Before the pandemic struck, a quarter of After generations of all renters - and 71 percent of extremely

low-income renters - were paying over half our housing policy their incomes for housing, too often leaving

causing segregation them one emergency away from eviction.

Now we’re seeing millions of people and inequality, we all have those emergencies at once. have an opportunity Our country is also in the midst of

a long-overdue reckoning with the to make it part of systemic racism that permeates so

the solution. much in our society. The coronavirus and racial justice are not separate

issues. Black and brown individuals are more likely to work at essential jobs that put their health at risk, they are more likely to be renters, and they have less wealth and income to cushion the economic blow than their white counterparts.

We are still living with the legacy of redlining and racial covenants.The Fair Housing Act made these racist housing policies illegal over 50 years ago, but we still see their effects today, and segregation and discrimination continue. Too often, your zip code still determines your access to health care, education, and work opportunities.

After generations of our housing policy causing segregation and inequality, we have an opportunity to make it part of the solution.

First, we must make sure that we do not emerge from the current crisis with greater racial and wealth inequality than we began with. Congress must provide emergency rental and mortgage assistance to prevent a wave of evictions and foreclosures that will set millions of people back and compound inequality.

Next, we must close the gap between income and housing by paying workers a living wage, and investing in affordable housing, particularly for the lowest-income households. Housing poverty and unaffordable rents leave too many of our families vulnerable to everyday emergencies like a broken down car – let alone a natural disaster or global pandemic. The country must take action to preserve and create housing affordable and accessible to everyone, and ensure that all neighborhoods are neighborhoods of opportunity.

If we are to end systemic racism and inequality in our housing and communities, and make the economy work better for everyone, we cannot shrink from these challenges. When work has dignity, everyone can find and afford a place to call home. I look forward to working with NLIHC and others to make this a reality.

Sincerely,

U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH)

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION iii

INTRODUCTION Few events in history highlight as clearly

as the coronavirus pandemic that housing is healthcare. Governments and

health officials at all levels have told residents to stay home. Not everyone, unfortunately, is stably housed in a safe and adequate environment. Even before the pandemic, more than 211,000 people in the U.S. were experiencing homelessness on sidewalks or other unsheltered locations (HUD, 2020). They face a considerably higher risk of becoming ill, and they have nowhere to self-quarantine and recover if they do. Another 356,000 people were experiencing homelessness in emergency shelters, with limited ability to self-isolate. In addition, more than 2.7 million renters were living in overcrowded housing conditions, making social distancing from an ill housemate difficult. As is true in almost every aspect of American life, the greatest risks are borne by people of color. Early research and reporting on COVID-19 shows people of color face greater mortality risks from the pandemic (Gross et al., 2020; Thebault, Tran, & Williams, 2020). Pre-existing structural injustices, including unequal access to healthcare, greater exposure through low-wage and frontline jobs, and limited housing options, contribute to these risks. Black Americans accounted for 13% of the U.S. population in 2019 but 40% of all people experiencing homelessness. People identifying as Hispanic or Latino were 18% of the overall population but 22% of the population experiencing homelessness (HUD, 2020). Similar disparities exist with overcrowding. Latino households

accounted for 12% of all households (excluding inter-racial couples) but 43% of overcrowded households; Asian households accounted for 4% of all households but 10% of overcrowded households; and American Indian or Alaska Native households accounted for 0.5% of all households but 1% of overcrowded households. Such disproportionate rates of homelessness and overcrowding mean those groups are less able to self-isolate when needed.

The economic downturn spurred by the virus further increases the risk of housing instability for millions of low-wage renters at a time when stable housing is vital. Prior to the pandemic, more than 7.7 million extremely low-income renters were spending more than half of their limited incomes on housing costs, sacrificing other necessities to do so (NLIHC, 2020b). Millions of renters were one financial shock away from housing instability, and for many the pandemic and economic fallout is that shock.

U.S. workers filed nearly 28 million new claims for unemployment insurance in just the first six weeks of widespread shutdowns (Shierholz, 2020). The unemployment rate rose to 14.7% in April, the highest rate and the largest one-month increase since the Bureau of Labor Statistics started tracking monthly data in 1948. While the national rate fell slightly to 13.3% in May, unemployment did not improve among Black Americans at 16.8% or among Asian Americans at 15% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020a). The unemployment rate for Latino Americans, despite some

improvement, remains even higher at 17.6%. As millions of households are now dealing with declines in wages - either through layoffs, furloughs, or decreased work hours - many more renters will struggle to afford their rents.

Multiple surveys have confirmed widespread job losses among low-income households. The Federal Reserve’s May report on the economic well-being of U.S. households found that 39% of people working in February with household incomes below $40,000 reported job losses in March (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, 2020). A survey conducted in early April by the Pew Research Center found that 52% of lower-income households reported a loss of employment or income due to the coronavirus outbreak. That survey also found evidence of racial disparities in job and income loss: while 38% of white adults reported such a loss, 44% of Black adults and 61% of Latino

The economic downturn spurred by the virus further increases the risk of housing instability for millions of low-wage renters at a time when stable housing is vital.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 1

adults did (Parker, Horowitz, & Brown, 2020). Some essential workers still on the job are also struggling to make ends meet because their wages have never been sufficient.

Since 1989, NLIHC’s Out of Reach has called attention to the gulf between actual wages and what people need to earn to afford their rents. Every year, the report documents that an affordable rental home is out of reach for millions of low-wage workers and other low- income families. This year’s report affirms that even before the massive economic downturn caused by the coronavirus, housing costs outpaced what many workers could afford. For decades, we have had a systemic shortage of affordable housing for people with the lowest incomes, which the COVID-19 crisis is dramatically exacerbating. More than ever, bold policies are needed to address the unaffordability of housing in the U.S.

The report’s Housing Wage is an estimate of the hourly wage full-time workers must earn to afford a rental home at HUD’s fair market rent without spending more than 30% of their incomes. Fair market rents are estimates of what a family moving today can expect to pay for a modestly priced rental home in a given area. The kind of home that can be rented for the fair market rent is in decent condition, but it is not luxury housing. THE 2020 NATIONAL HOUSING WAGE IS $23.96/ HR FOR A MODEST TWO-BEDROOM RENTAL HOME AND $19.56/HR FOR A MODEST ONE-BEDROOM RENTAL HOME. The federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour falls well short of both the two-bedroom and one-bedroom National Housing Wages. Because it does not keep pace with inflation, the federal minimum wage is worth nearly 29% less than it was worth in 1968 (Cooper, 2019). Twenty-nine states, the District of

FIGURE 1: RENTS ARE OUT OF REACH FOR MANY RENTERS

Rent Affordable to a Individual Relying on SSI

Rent Affordable to a Household with One Full-Time Worker

Earning the Federal Minimum Wage

Rent Affordable to Individual with Average Unemployment

Insurance Beneft

Rent Affordable to Family of Four with Income at Poverty Level

$503

$377

$235

$655

Rent Affordable to Full-Time Worker Earning the Average Renter Wage

2020 One-Bedroom FMR

2020 Two-Bedroom FMR $1,246

$1,017

$948

Fair Market Rent = Fair Market Rent. Source: NLIHC calculation of weighted-average HUD fair market rent. Affordable rents based on income and benefits data from BLS QCEW, 2018 adjusted to 2020 dollars; Center on Budget and Policy Priorities' Policy Basics: Unemployment Insurance, 2020; and Social Security Administration, 2020 maximum federal SSI benefit for individual.

Columbia and a handful of counties and municipalities now have minimum wages higher than the federal minimum wage, but even taking these higher minimum wages into account, the average minimum wage worker must work nearly 97 hours per week (more than two full- time jobs) to afford a two-bedroom rental home or 79 hours per week

(almost exactly two full-time jobs) to afford a one-bedroom rental home at the fair market rent. People who work 97 hours per week and need 8 hours per day of sleep have fewer than 2.5 hours per day left over for everything else—commuting, cooking, cleaning, self- care, caring for children and family, and serving their community. Doing so is an impossibility for a single parent who needs a larger-than-one-bedroom apartment. Even for a one-bedroom rental, it is unreasonable to expect individuals to work 79 hours per week to afford their housing. For people who can work, one full-time job should be enough.

The struggle to afford rental housing is not confined to minimum-wage workers. The average renter’s hourly wage of $18.22 is $5.74 less than the national two-bedroom Housing Wage and $1.34 less than the one- bedroom Housing Wage. As a result, the average renter must work 53 hours per week to afford a modest two-bedroom apartment. Some of the most important workers during the COVID-19 outbreak earn even less: grocery store cashiers earn a median wage of $11.61 per hour, while building cleaning workers and home health and personal care aides earn $12.94. They would have to work 83 and 74 hours per week, respectively, to afford a modest two-bedroom apartment. Many single parents or caregivers would find it difficult if not impossible to work those hours.

The average monthly fair market rent for a one-bedroom or two-bedroom rental home is $1,017 or $1,246, respectively - much higher than what many renters can afford (Figure 1). A family of four with poverty- level income in most areas of the U.S. can afford a monthly rent of no more than $655, assuming they can manage to spend as much

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 2

FIGURE 2: STATES WITH THE LARGEST SHORTFALL BETWEEN AVERAGE RENTER WAGE AND TWO-BEDROOM HOUSING WAGE

HI MD CA NJ VT MA WA CT

-$21.59

-$13.78 -$13.01 -$10.60 -$9.90 -$9.56 -$8.72 -$8.55

Source: Housing wages based on HUD fair market rents. Average renter wages based on BLS QCEW, 2018 adjusted to 2020 dollars.

as 30% of their income on housing. Many extremely low-income families can afford far less. Individuals relying on Supplemental Security Income (SSI) can afford a monthly rent of only $235. For unemployed workers, Congress passed a $600 per week supplement to their states’ unemployment insurance through the end of July, which will keep many newly unemployed families housed. Once that supplement ends, however, a household receiving the average unemployment insurance benefit can afford a rent of no more than $503 per month. Since unemployment insurance is determined by an individual’s former wages, those who had been making the minimum wage receive even less. On average, a laid-off full-time worker who had been earning the state

minimum wage would be able to afford a monthly rent of approximately $250.

Housing is a basic human need and should be regarded an unconditional human right. The massive wave of unemployment in 2020 underscores that access to decent, stable housing should not be conditioned on one’s wages or work status. The needs of the labor market can change overnight, wages set by the market do not necessarily reflect many jobs’ societal value, and people can be out of the labor force for many valid reasons not immediately obvious to others (e.g., due to invisible disabilities or caregiving responsibilities). Low-wage workers should be able to afford their housing, and we as a nation should ensure people

The massive wave of unemployment in 2020 underscores that access to decent, stable housing should not be conditioned on one’s wages or work status.

have access to affordable housing whether or not they are employed.

Significant investments are needed to increase the supply of affordable rental housing, preserve the existing stock, and expand rental assistance to all who need it. At its current funding levels, federal housing assistance is available to only one in four eligible low-income households (Fischer & Sard, 2017). Significant emergency rental assistance is needed in the short run, to keep low-income renters stably housed during and after the pandemic. In the long run, a deep, sustained commitment to the national Housing Trust Fund, Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), and public housing could make affordable rental housing for all a reality.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 3

RISING INEQUALITY, LOW WAGES, AND THE WIDESPREAD UNAFFORDABLE COST OF RENTAL HOUSING

Low-wage workers have been struggling to afford their housing for decades, regardless of the state of the economy.

Over the last 40 years, the labor market in the United States has experienced job polarization—a decline of jobs in the middle of the wage distribution and growth at the extremes (Autor & Dorn, 2013; Tüzeman & Willis, 2013). Whether due to technological changes, outsourcing, international trade patterns, or the decline of unions, income inequality has increased significantly. Between 1979 and 2018, real hourly wages grew 1.6% for the lowest-wage (10th percentile of) workers, 6.1% for median-wage workers, and 37.6% for the highest-wage (90th percentile of) workers (Congressional Research Service, 2019). The real median gross rent, meanwhile, increased by approximately 37% between 1980 and 2018. For many low-wage workers, flat wage growth and other worsening workplace circumstances make it more difficult for them to achieve long-term economic stability, to save for future needs, or to take on second jobs to help pay the bills. A rise of “fissured” workplaces, where many roles are subcontracted out, has meant low-wage workers experience fewer opportunities for promotion, weaker labor-standards enforcement, and less job security (Weil, 2014; Bernhardt et al., 2016). The decline of organized labor has

dampened nonmanagerial incomes and reduced workers’ ability to participate in determining their working circumstances, which influences how well they can negotiate a work-life balance or take on multiple jobs (Rosenfeld, 2006; Anderson, 2017). One extreme example of this loss of control is “just-in-time” scheduling: many hourly workers do not know when or how much they will work each week, undermining their ability to make long-term plans and budgets (Lambert, Henly, & Kim, 2019).

In no state, metropolitan area, or county in the U.S. can a worker earning the federal or prevailing state or local minimum wage afford a modest two-bedroom rental home at fair market rent by working a standard 40-hour work week. In only 5% of all U.S. counties (144 counties out of more than 3,000 nationwide, not including Puerto Rico) can a full-time minimum-wage worker afford a one-bedroom rental home at fair market rent. Forty-nine local jurisdictions have minimum wages higher than the federal or state minimum wage, but these local minimum-wage ordinances all fall short of the local one-bedroom and two-bedroom Housing Wage (Appendix A).

Even the average renter too often does not earn enough to afford a modest rental home. Nationally, the average renter’s hourly wage is $18.22, which is $5.74 below the national two-bedroom Housing Wage and $1.34

below the national one-bedroom Housing Wage. In 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, the average renter earns less than the average two-bedroom Housing Wage. (North Dakota is the sole exception.) In 16 states, including California, Florida, and New York, the average renter earns at least $5.00 less than the state’s average two-bedroom Housing Wage. Figure 2 shows the ten states with the largest gap between the average renter’s wage and the two-bedroom Housing Wage. In 21 states and Puerto Rico, the average renter’s wage is lower than the one-bedroom Housing Wage.

Low-wage workers have been struggling to afford their housing for decades, regardless of the state of the economy.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 4

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

A full-time white worker at the 60th percentile of the white- wage distribution can afford a two-bedroom rental home at fair market rent, while a full-time black or Hispanic worker at the 60th percentile of the black-wage or Hispanic-wage distribution cannot afford a one-bedroom rental.

FIGURE 3: HOURLY WAGES BY PERCENTILE VS. ONE AND TWO-BEDROOM HOUSING WAGES

$30.00

$25.00 Two-Bedroom Housing Wage ($23.96)

One-Bedroom Housing Wage ($19.56) $20.00

$15.00

$10.00

$5.00

$0.00

$10.25 $12.53

$14.91 $17.01

$19.68

$23.37

$28.45

10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile

Wage Wage Wage Wage Wage Wage Wage

Source: Housing wages based on HUD fair market rents. The hourly wages by percentile from the Economic Policy Institute State of Working America Data Library 2019, adjusted to 2020 dollars.

FIGURE 4: TWELVE OF THE TWENTY LARGEST OCCUPATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES PAY LESS THAN THE HOUSING WAGE

Two-Bedroom Housing Wage

One-Bedroom Housing Wage

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

Motor Vehicle Operators

Financial Clerks

Other Production Occupations

Other Offce and Administrative Support Workers

Information and Record Clerks

Material Moving Workers

Building Cleaning and Pest Control Workers

Home Health and Personal Care Aides; and Nursing Assistants, Orderlies, and Psychiatric Aides

Cooks and Food Preparation Workers

Retail Sales Workers

Food and Beverage Serving Workers

$23.96

$11.24

$12.08

$12.70

$12.94

$13.04

$14.25

$16.70

$17.01

$17.46

$18.89

$18.90

$19.55

$19.56

Source: Occupational wages from May 2019 Occupational Employment Statistics, BLS, adjusted to 2020 dollars. Housing wages based on HUD fair market rents.

The income distribution in Figure 3, which includes all wage and salary workers, shows that modest rental housing is out of reach for nearly every worker in the bottom half of the wage distribution. A modest one- bedroom rental home is unaffordable to more than 40% of wage earners. A modest two-bedroom rental home is unaffordable for more than 60% of wage earners.

Twelve of the 20 largest occupations in the United States pay a median hourly wage that is less than what a full-time worker needs to earn to afford a modest apartment at the national average fair market rent (Figure 4). The workers in these occupations account for more than 38% of the total U.S. workforce, excluding farmworkers. Roughly 16 million people work in retail sales or food and beverage service, occupations whose median wages are far less than what full-time workers need to afford a one-bedroom or two-bedroom apartment. Home health aides, personal care workers, and nursing assistants, occupations that are disproportionately Black and Latino, earn a median wage just two- thirds of what a full-time worker needs for a one-bedroom apartment. Other workers who do not earn enough to afford rental housing are found in offices, performing administrative support, data entry, and bookkeeping. Other low-wage workers operate heavy machinery at construction sites, keep public transit and the consumer-goods supply chains working, serve in doctors’ and dentists’ offices, and clean buildings and hotels.

Twelve of the 20 largest occupations in the United States pay a median hourly wage that is less than what a full-time worker needs to earn to afford a modest apartment at the national average fair market rent.

5

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON LOW- WAGE WORKERS

COVID-19 has had an especially devastating impact on many of the workers in the lowest-paid fields. In

the first five weeks of widespread closures, between March 15 and April 18, 24.4 million people applied for unemployment insurance, and households with lower incomes were likelier to report employment or income loss related to the outbreak. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that the job sectors most directly exposed to COVID-19 shutdowns were restaurants and bars, travel and transportation, entertainment, personal service (e.g., daycare providers and barbers), some retail (e.g., department stores), and some manufacturing (e.g., aircraft manufacturing). Those industries account for more than 20% of all workers, and they have a disproportionate number of low-wage jobs. Over half of the jobs

12.4%

17.6%

16.8%

4%

6.7%

6%

White Black La˜no

FIGURE 5: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY RACE

in these industries have incomes in the bottom 20% of the U.S. wage distribution (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020b). Over 50% of the decline in jobs in April came from three broad industries: accommodation and food services, retail trade, and health care and social assistance, all sectors with many low-wage jobs. Restaurants and bars in most states were closed or restricted to takeout and delivery, and retail stores faced a historic drop in sales (U.S. Census Bureau, 2020). Accommodation and food services include waitstaff, cooks, and housekeepers. The retail trade sector includes salesclerks, cashiers, and stockers, many of whom work for minimum wages. The health care and social assistance sector includes home health care aides and childcare workers. These same sectors account for the largest shares of working extremely low-income renter households,

who often struggle to pay their rent even when times are good. Sixteen percent of extremely low- income renter households in the labor force were working in accommodation and food service, 16% in health

March 2020 April 2020 May 2020 care and social

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Situation Summary, June 5, 2020.

assistance, and 15% in retail (NLIHC, 2020d).

Black and Latino workers were especially hard hit: the unemployment rates for Black and Latino workers were already higher than the unemployment rate for white workers before the pandemic, and the racial disparity increased further in April and May (Figure 5). While the unemployment rate declined for white workers in May, it did not improve for Black workers. In March 2020, the Latino and Black unemployment rates were two percentage points and 2.7 percentage points higher than the white unemployment rate. By May, the unemployment rates for Latinos and Blacks were 5.2 and 4.4 percentage points higher. Part of this disparity may be explained by the overrepresentation of Black and Latino workers in industries most severely affected by the pandemic. Food preparation and food service workers, hotel clerks, cashiers, childcare workers, and personal care aides are all disproportionately Black and Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020c).

In a bitter irony, many who do not earn enough to afford their basic needs were deemed essential workers during widespread closures and stay-at-home orders, required to take on considerable danger to help keep grocery stores open, food delivery and transportation on schedule, and patients attended to in long-term care facilities. Black workers are more likely to be found in these frontline positions—they are overrepresented in grocery, convenience

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 6

RACIAL AND ETHNIC HOUSING DISPARITIES

and drug stores; public transit; trucking, warehouse, and postal service; building cleaning services; health care; and social services (Rho, Brown, & Fremstad, 2020).

This unprecedented shock to the labor market may have long-lasting consequences for low-wage workers, especially if high rates of joblessness last longer than the temporary unemployment supplement provided by the CARES Act. Low-wage workers who were unable to afford their rent prior to the crisis, and who lack emergency savings, are dealing with even more hardship today. Even those low-wage workers who were lucky to be temporarily furloughed rather than laid off and those who are able to go

People of color disproportionately face greater challenges in finding decent and affordable housing in the U.S.,

and income inequality contributes to those challenges. Income inequality along racial lines is the product of historical and ongoing discrimination, economic exploitation, and unequal opportunities. Figure 6 compares the hourly wage distributions of white, Black, and Latino workers. For example, the 10th percentile wage bars show what the lowest- paid 10% of white, Black, and Latino workers are paid. White workers at the bottom of the white income distribution earn more

than Black and Latino workers at the bottom of their respective income distributions. A Black worker at the 20th percentile of Black wages earns 15% less than a white worker at the 20th percentile of white wages. A Latino worker at the 20th percentile of Latino wages earns 9% less than the 20th percentile white worker. This disparity holds across all income levels. The median Black worker and Latino worker earns 24% and 25% less than the median white worker. Unsurprisingly, Black and Latino workers face larger gaps between their wages and the cost of housing than white workers. The

to work will still have considerable difficulty paying off their past-due bills and catching up with delayed rent payments, given that their incomes were already insufficient for their housing and other basic necessities before the crisis.

People of color disproportionately face greater challenges in finding decent and affordable housing in the U.S., and income inequality contributes to those challenges.

FIGURE 6: HOURLY WAGE PERCENTILES VS. ONE AND TWO-BEDROOM HOUSING WAGES $35.00

$30.00

$25.00

$20.00

$15.00

$10.00

$5.00

$0.00

White Black Latino

Two-Bedroom Housing Wage ($23.96) $25.53

$30.86

$18.90

$22.16

$18.29

$20.84

-$21.59

One-Bedroom Housing Wage ($19.56)

$13.29

$18.45

$21.71

$11.30

$15.15

$10.75 $9.78 $10.12 $12.06

$14.69$15.73

$13.17 $13.13

$16.41$16.18

10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th Percentile Wage Percentile Wage Percentile Wage Percentile Wage Percentile Wage Percentile Wage Percentile Wage

Source: Housing wages based on HUD fair market rents. The hourly wages by percentile from the Economic Policy Institute State of Working America Data Library 2019. Adjusted to 2020 dollars.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 7

THE SYSTEMIC SHORTAGE OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

median-wage, full-time white worker earns a wage adequate to afford a one-bedroom apartment at fair market rent, but the median- wage, full-time Black or Latino worker does not (Figure 6). At the 60th percentile, a full- time white worker can afford a two-bedroom rental home at fair market rent. Meanwhile, a full-time Black or Latino worker at the 60th percentile-wage for their race or ethnicity cannot afford even a one-bedroom rental.

This income inequality partly explains why 44% of Black households and 42% of Latino households spend more than 30% of their incomes on housing, compared to 26% of white households (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019). The unaffordability of the rental market disproportionately harms Black and Latino households in two ways. First, as seen in Figure 5, Black and Latino households earn less, which makes it more difficult to find housing affordable to them. Second, Black and Latino households are more likely at all income levels to be renters. In 2018, 27% of white households were renters, compared with 55% of Latino households and 59% of Black households (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019). Historical and ongoing discrimination has limited opportunities for homeownership for many people of color, and they compete for an insufficient number of affordable rental homes available on the market.

The median-wage, full-time white worker earns a wage adequate in a multifamily building wasto afford a one-bedroom apartment at fair market rent, but the $1,670, far more than what low-median-wage, full-time Black or Latino worker does not.

Recent catastrophic shocks to the economy have multiplied and exacerbated the problems that low-

wage workers face, but the shortage of affordable rental housing is a longstanding, persistent feature of our society. The latest data show that there are only 36 affordable and available rental homes for every 100 renter households with extremely low incomes (NLIHC, 2020b), and every state and nearly every county in the U.S. lacks an adequate supply (HUD, 2019). As a result, 86% of extremely low-income renters cannot afford their rent, and 71% spend more than half of their incomes on housing costs. Severely housing cost-burdened households are forced to choose between housing and other basic necessities, such as food, health care, transportation, and childcare. Most severely cost-burdened households are renters with extremely low incomes. Though extremely low-income renter households account for only 25% of all renters, they account for 72% of all severely housing cost-burdened renter households. The private market fails to provide a sufficient supply of affordable housing for the lowest- income renters. Most new rental housing in the private market is built for high-income renters, in order to turn a profit after paying high development costs. The median asking

rent in 2018 for a new apartment

wage workers can afford (Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2020). Only 28% of renters in 2018 could afford this level of rent.

The argument is frequently made that new development will start a process by which housing will “filter down” to the lowest- income renters, as older housing is vacated by those with higher incomes. This filtering does not provide enough housing for the lowest- income renters, though, because landlords often do not have an incentive to maintain housing at the rent levels that the lowest- income renters can afford. When the housing market is strong, landlords have an incentive to renovate their properties to capture higher rents. In weak markets, they have an incentive to find other uses of their property. The number of low-cost homes with monthly rents below $800 (in constant 2017 dollars) declined by 4 million between 2011 and 2017, including 1 million units in 2017 alone (Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2019). This rent level ($800) is affordable to households with annual incomes less than $32,000 per year.

A systematic failure of markets to provide socially necessary goods is a compelling reason for the government to intervene. In the U.S., however, federal housing assistance is grossly underfunded, reaching only one out of every four eligible households (Fischer & Sard, 2017). The majority of HUD’s housing assistance budget must go to renewing rental contracts and already-committed vouchers,

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 8

FEDERAL POLICY TO SECURE AFFORDABLE HOMES

leaving few resources for building more affordable housing or providing rental assistance to additional households.

Emergency rental assistance is needed to ensure renters can afford to remain stably housed at least until the economy begins to recover.

We need significant investment in our federal rental housing

programs to ensure that everyone has a decent and affordable home. Housing is a basic necessity – an essential ingredient of individual and public health, stability, and dignity. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated the recklessness of letting people’s access to basic necessities like housing depend on the contingencies of the economy. While the COVID-19 public health crisis and explosive growth in unemployment has triggered some immediate protections for some renters, far more must be accomplished to secure emergency rental assistance and to realize longer- term housing solutions. The federal eviction moratoriums for renters in federally-supported rental properties included in the CARES Act and other state and local moratoriums are important protections for renters during this crisis, but they provide a patchwork of temporary protections that exclude many renters. Many of

these moratoriums are coming to an end. We need a uniform, national moratorium that would cover all renters. The “Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions (HEROES) Act,” passed in the House of Representatives, includes such a moratorium that would cover most renters for twelve months.

Evictions moratoriums do not relieve renters of accrued debt from missed rental payments. Emergency rental assistance is needed to ensure renters can afford to remain stably housed at least until the economy begins to recover. The “Emergency Rental Assistance and Rental Market Stabilization Act,” introduced by Representative Maxine Waters (D- CA), Representative Denny Heck (D-WA), and Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH), would provide states and local governments with $100 billion in emergency rental assistance to help renters with housing costs for up to 24 months or with six months of back rent and late fees (NLIHC, 2020a). Multiple studies, including analysis from NLIHC (2020d), suggest that at least this amount in emergency rental assistance is

needed for low-income renters who are struggling as a result of shutdowns and layoffs. The HEROES Act includes $100 billion for emergency rental assistance.

In the long run, Congress should create a permanent National Housing Stabilization Fund to provide emergency assistance to families who experience a sudden and temporary shock to their finances. Many low- wage workers live one financial emergency – like the sudden loss of income or unexpected medical expenses – away from housing instability. Temporary assistance would prevent evictions, housing instability, and, in the worse cases, homelessness by helping households stay in their homes during and after those unexpected events. The “Eviction Crisis Act,” introduced by Senators Michael Bennet (D- CO) and Rob Portman (R-OH), would create an Emergency Assistance Fund for state and local governments to establish short-term financial assistance and housing stabilization services.

Addressing the roots of the housing affordability problem,

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 9

however, requires a significant and sustained commitment to rental housing programs that provide long-term rental assistance to low-income renters, increase the affordable housing supply, and preserve the affordable rental homes that already exist. Long-term solutions should be targeted to serve those low- wage and low-income families with the greatest needs.

Congress should fully fund the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program. Participants in the HCV program pay 30% of their adjusted gross incomes toward housing costs in the private market, and the voucher covers the remaining costs up to the local housing authority’s payment standard. Vouchers typically cost less than new construction, making them an efficient option in markets where there is already an abundant supply of vacant, physically adequate housing. The “Pathway to Stable and Affordable Housing for All Act,” introduced by Senators Mazie Hirono (D-HI), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), and Cory Booker (D-NJ), would fully fund Housing Choice Vouchers. Given that many voucher-holders struggle to find voucher-accepting landlords, a federal ban on discrimination against voucher-holders is also needed.

Congress should also expand the supply of affordable rental housing with significant increases in capital investments. A large investment in the national Housing Trust Fund (HTF) could create, preserve, or rehabilitate rental housing for renters with extremely low incomes. Currently funded by small mandatory contributions from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the national HTF is a block grant that gives states flexibility in how they use the money, provided at least 90% is used for rental housing and 75% of rental housing serves extremely low- income households. One hundred percent of funds must benefit extremely low-income households while the HTF is capitalized under $1 billion per year. Members of the current Congress have introduced multiple bills to expand the national HTF. These bills include the “American Housing and Economic Mobility Act,” the “Ending Homelessness Act,” the “Housing is Infrastructure Act,” the “Homes for All Act,” the “Fulfilling the Promise of the Housing Trust Fund Act,” and the “Pathway to Stable and Affordable Housing for All Act.”

Significant capital investment should also be made in public housing, which provides an affordable home and housing stability to some of the nation’s poorest renters. Public housing is a critical component of the U.S. housing infrastructure, but public housing authorities face a backlog of capital repair needs of $70 billion (NLIHC, 2020c). Given the unforeseen needs that public housing authorities have faced

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

during the current pandemic (e.g., investments in personal protective equipment, increased cleaning schedules and wellness checks) and delayed repair schedules, capital repair needs may be even greater after COVID-19. The “Housing is Infrastructure Act of 2019,” introduced by Representative Waters (D-CA), would invest more than $100 billion to address the capital needs of public housing, create homes through the national HTF, and address the severe housing needs on tribal lands. An expansion of public housing could provide affordable homes to many households who currently do not receive any housing assistance. The Faircloth Amendment, which forbids expanding public housing beyond its 1999 levels, should be repealed. The “Homes for All Act” introduced by Representative Ilhan Omar (D-MN), would repeal the Faircloth amendment and invest $1 trillion for 9.5 million new public housing apartments and 2.5 million deeply affordable rental homes. Both Representative Waters’s “Housing is Infrastructure Act” and a repeal of the Faircloth amendment were included in the “Moving Forward Act” passed by the House.

We also need to ensure adequate funding to renew Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) contracts with private owners of subsidized rental housing. Tenants of PBRA housing contribute 30% of their adjusted gross income towards rent, and HUD pays the rest. Adequate appropriations for PBRA can protect these rental homes from being permanently lost from the affordable housing stock.

Tax reform could also help house the poorest renters. A deeply income- targeted, fully refundable renters’ tax credit for housing cost-burdened renters would provide the difference between 30% of a renter’s household income and their actual housing costs, up to a modest price. The “Housing, Opportunity, Mobility, and Equity Act,” introduced

Addressing the roots of the housing affordability problem, however, requires a significant and sustained commitment to rental housing programs.

10

THE NUMBERS IN THIS REPORT

by Senator Cory Booker (D-NJ), and the “Rent Relief Act,” introduced by Senator Kamala Harris (D-CA), provide a refundable tax credit to cost-burdened renters.

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, the nation’s largest production subsidy for affordable housing, should be reformed to better target the needs of extremely low-income households. A 50% basis boost in tax credits for developments that set aside at least 20% of their housing for extremely low-income renters would help redirect those credits where they are most needed. The “Affordable Housing Tax Credit Improvement Act,” introduced by Senators Maria Cantwell (D-WA), Todd Young (R-IN), Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Johnny Isakson (R-GA) and Representatives Suzan DelBene (D-WA), Kenny Marchant (R-TX), Don Beyer (D-VA), and Jackie Walorski (R-IN), would provide such a basis boost and incentives to build in rural communities and on tribal lands, which have unique barriers to development.

Millions of households were already living with housing instability at the beginning of 2020, and millions of additional renters now struggle to afford their rental housing during the COVID-19 crisis. The enduring problem of housing unaffordability ultimately calls for fundamental structural reform and the investments needed to ensure housing stability in the future.

Out of Reach data are available for every state, metropolitan area, and county at www.nlihc.org/oor. We

encourage you to visit the site, click on your state, and select “more info” to see an interactive page on which you can choose specific metropolitan areas or counties in your state. The final pages of this report describe where the numbers come from and how to use them, identify the most expensive jurisdictions, and provide state rankings. The Housing Wage varies considerably across the country. The Housing Wage for a modest two-bedroom rental home in the San Francisco metropolitan area, for example, is $64.21/hr, far higher than the national Housing Wage. On the other end of the price spectrum, the two-bedroom Housing Wage is $11.77/hr in areas of Alabama. Even so, many jurisdictions with lower-than-average Housing Wages still suffer from a shortage of affordable rental homes. Jurisdictions with a low Housing Wage tend to have less vibrant economies and lower-than-average household incomes, meaning a low Housing Wage is still out of reach for too many households.

The Housing Wage is based on HUD FMRs, which are estimates of what a family moving today can expect to pay for a modest rental home, not what all renters are currently paying. The FMR is the basis of the rent- payment standard for Housing Choice Vouchers and other HUD programs. The

FMR is usually set at the 40th percentile of rents for typical homes occupied by recent movers in an area. FMRs are often applied uniformly within each FMR area, which is either a metropolitan area or nonmetropolitan county. Therefore, the Housing Wage does not reflect rent variations within a metropolitan area or nonmetropolitan county.

HUD publishes Small Area FMRs based on U.S. Postal Service ZIP codes to better reflect small-scale market conditions within metropolitan areas. NLIHC calculated the Housing Wage for each ZIP code to illustrate the variation in the Housing Wage within metropolitan areas. These wages can be found online at www.nlihc.org/oor.

Readers are cautioned against comparing statistics in one edition of Out of Reach with those in another. Over time, HUD has changed its methodology for calculating FMRs and incomes. Since 2012, HUD has developed FMR estimates using American Community Survey (ACS) data to determine base rents, and this methodology can introduce more year-to-year variability. From time to time, an area’s FMRs are based on local rent surveys rather than the ACS. For these reasons, not all differences between previous editions of Out of Reach and this year’s report reflect actual market dynamics. Please consult the appendices and NLIHC research staff for assistance with interpreting changes in the data over time.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 11

REFERENCES Anderson, E. (2017). Private government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Autor, D. H., & Dorn, D. (2013). The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the U.S. labor market. American Economic Review, 103(5): 1553-97.

Bernhardt, A., Batt, R., Houseman, S., & Appelbaum, E. (2016). Domestic outsourcing in the United States: A research agenda to assess trends and effects on job quality. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2018). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. households in 2017. Washington, DC: Federal Reserve.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2020). Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2019, Featuring Supplemental Data from April 2020. Washington, DC: Federal Reserve.

Congressional Research Service. (2019). Real wage trends, 1979 to 2018. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.

Cooper, D. (2019). Raising the federal minimum wage to $15 by 2024 would lift pay for nearly 40 million workers. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.

Fischer, W., & Sard, B. (2017). Chart book: Federal housing spending is poorly matched to need. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

Gross, C. P., Essien, U. R., Pasha, S., Gross, J. R., Wang, S., Nunez-Smith, M. (2020). Racial and ethnic disparities in population level COVID-19 mortality. Preprint, Medrxiv.

Horowitz, J. M., Igielnik, R., & Kochhar, R. (2020). Most Americans say there is too much economic inequality in the U.S., but fewer than half call it a top priority. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. (2019). The state of the nation's housing 2019. Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing Studies.

Lambert, S. J., Henly, J. R., & Kim, J. (2019). Precarious work schedules as a source of economic insecurity and institutional distrust. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5(4): 218-57.

Livingston, G. (2018). The changing profile of unmarried parents. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

Millett, G. A., Jones, A .T., Benkeser, D., Baral, S., Mercer, L., Beyrer, C., Honermann, B., Lankiewicz, E., Mena, L., Crowley, J. S., Sherwood, J., & Sullivan, P. (2020). Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on Black communities. Washington, DC: amfAR, Foundation for AIDS Research.

National Low Income Housing Coalition. (2020a). Emergency rental assistance: Ensuring housing stability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Washington, DC: Author.

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National Low Income Housing Coalition. (2020b). The gap: A shortage of affordable and available homes 2020. Washington, DC: Author.

National Low Income Housing Coalition. (2020c). Public housing. Advocates' guide to housing and community development policy.

National Low Income Housing Coalition. (2020d). Research Note: Emergency Rental Assistance Needs for Workers Struggling Due to COVID-19. Washington, DC: Author.

Parker, K., Horowitz, J. M., & Brown, A. (2020, April 21). About half of lower-income Americans report household job or wage loss due to COVID-19. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

Rho, H. J., Brown, H., & Fremstad, S. (2020). A basic demographic profile of workers in frontline industries. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.

Rosenfeld, J. (2006). Widening the gap: The effect of declining unionization on managerial and worker pay, 1983-2000. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 24(3): 223-238.

Shierholz, H. (2020). Nearly 28 million workers applied for unemployment insurance benefits in the last six weeks. April 30. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.

Thebault, R., Tran, A. B., & Williams, V. (2020). The coronavirus is infecting and killing black Americans at an alarmingly high rate. Washington Post. April 7.

Tüzeman, D., & Willis, J. (2013). The vanishing middle: Job polarization and workers’ response to the decline in middle-skill jobs. Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City), First Quarter: 5-32.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020a). Employment situation summary, May 2020.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020b). How many workers are employed in sectors directly affected by COVID-19 shutdowns, where do they work, and how much do they earn? Monthly Labor Review. Last accessed April 24.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020c). Labor force statistics from the Current Population Survey. Updated January 22, 2020.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample [Data file].

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Weil, D. (2014). The fissured workplace. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

12

n USER'S GUIDE

HOW TO USE THE NUMBERS

Renter households For a family earning 100% represented 36% of all of AMI, monthly rent of households (2014-2018). The estimated mean$2,008 or less is affordable. (average) renter wage in

the United States is A renter household needs There were 43,669,988The annual median family $18.22 per hour (2020). to earn at least $23.96 per renter households in theincome (AMI) in the United hour in order to afford a two- United States (2014-2018).States is $80,320 (2020). bedroom home at FMR.

FY20 HOUSING WAGE HOUSING COSTS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI) RENTER HOUSEHOLDS

Hourly wage needed to afford 2 BR1 FMR2

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford

2 BR FMR

Full-time jobs at minimum

wage3 needed to afford

2 BR FMR Annual

AMI4

Monthly rent

affordable at AMI5

30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at 30% of AMI

Renter households

% of total households

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

Rent affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

mean renter wage needed

to afford 2 BR FMR

UNITED STATES $23.96 $1,246 $49,830 2.4 $80,320 $2,008 $24,096 $602 43,669,988 36% $18.22 $948 1.3

The FMR for a two-bedroom rental home in the United States is $1,246 (2020).

A renter household needs an annual income of $49,830 in order to afford a two-bedroom rental home at FMR.

In the United States, a family at 30% of AMI earns $24,096 annually.

For a family earning 30% of AMI, monthly rent of $602 or less is affordable.

If a full-time worker earns the mean renter wage, monthly rent of $948 or less is affordable.

On average, a renter household A renter household needs 1.3 full-time jobs needs 2.4 full-time jobs paying the paying the mean renter wage in order to minimum wage in order to afford a afford a two-bedroom rental home at FMR. two-bedroom rental home at FMR.

1: BR = Bedroom. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income.

2:

3:

FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent.

This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable.

5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending no more than 30% of gross income on rent and utilities.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 13

n USER'S GUIDE

WHERE THE NUMBERS COME FROM

Divide income needed to afford FMR ($49,830) by 52 (weeks per year) and then by 40 (hours per work week) ($49,830 / 52 = $958; $958 /

Multiply Annual AMI by .3 to get maximum amount that can be spent on housing for it to be affordable ($80,320 x .3 = $24,096). Divide by 12 to obtain monthly amount ($24,096 / 12 = $2,008).

HUD FY20 estimated median family income based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS). See Appendix B.

Divide number of renter households by total number of households (ACS 2014-2018) (43,669,988 / 120,935,203 = .36). Then multiply by 100 (.36 x 100 = 36%).

ACS (2014-2018).

Average wage reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) for 2018, adjusted to reflect the income of renter households relative to all households in the United States, and projected to 2020. See Appendix B.

40 = $23.96).

Multiply Annual AMI by .3 Calculate annual income by multiply-Developed by HUD annually ($80,320 x .3 = $24,096). ing mean renter wage by 40 (hours per(2020). See Appendix B. week) and 52 (weeks per year) ($18.22374 x 40 x 52 = $37,905.38).

Multiply the FMR by 12 to get yearly rental cost

RENTER HOUSEHOLDS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)

% of total households

36%

Annual AMI4

$80,320

Monthly rent

affordable

of AMI

$602

Monthly rent

affordable wage

$18.22

households

43,669,988

wage 3 needed

2.4

2 BR afford at 30% at AMI5

$2,008

30% of AMI

$24,096UNITED STATES

Estimated hourly mean renter Renter

HOUSING COSTS

Full-time jobs at minimum

to afford 2 BR FMR FMR

$1,246

Annual income

needed to

2 BR FMR

$49,830

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

$948

Full-time jobs at

mean renter wage needed

to afford 2 BR FMR

1.3

Hourly wage needed to afford 2 BR1 FMR2

$23.96

Multiply by .3 to determine maximum ($1,245.75 x 12 = $14,949). Then divide by .3 to Multiply 30% of Annual AMI by .3 to amount that can be spent on rent determine the total income needed to afford get maximum amount that can be ($37,905.38 x .3 = $11,371.61). Divide $14,949 per year in rent ($14,949 / .3 = $49,830). spent on housing for it to be afford- by 12 to obtain monthly amount

able ($24,096 x .3 = $7,228.80). Divide ($11,371.61 / 12 = $948). by 12 to obtain monthly amountNational average of jobs needed ($7,228.80 / 12 = $602.40).across all counties, weighted by

number of renter households. To find jobs needed in a particular state, Divide income needed to afford the FMR by metro, or county, divide annual 52 (weeks per year) ($49,830 / 52 = $958). income needed to afford the FMR by Then divide by $18.22 (the United States' 52 (weeks per year). Then divide by mean renter wage) ($958 / $18.22 = 53 the prevailing minimum wage. Then hours). Finally, divide by 40 (hours per work divide by 40 (hours per work week). week) (53 / 40 = 1.3 full-time jobs).

1: BR = Bedroom. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income.

2:

3:

FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent.

This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable.

5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending no more than 30% of gross income on rent and utilities.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 14

n TABLES & MAPS

2020 TWO-BEDROOM RENTAL HOUSING WAGES Represents the hourly wage that a full-time worker must earn (working 40 hours a week, 52 weeks a year) in order to afford the Fair Market Rent for a TWO-BEDROOM RENTAL HOME, without paying more than 30% of income.

VT $23.36 NH $23.43 MA $35.52 CT $26.42 RI $21.16

NJ $29.69 DE $21.96 MD $28.06 DC $32.83

AL $15.44

PR $9.36 Less than $17.00

Two-Bedroom Housing Wage

ME $19.79

NY $32.53

PAIA

ND

HI

$19.23

VA $23.64MO

WV $14.97KS

OH $15.99INILUT$20.48

$16.32

MIWY $17.42

$21.30

WI $17.27

MN $20.53

$16.07

AR $14.19

LA $17.48

TX $20.90

$16.18

$16.59

$15.46

OK $21.10 NM $15.93

$16.43

SD $15.24

MT $16.88

WA $30.46

OR $24.37

CA $36.96

AK $25.07

$38.76

$26.45

$16.37

NC $17.67TN

KY

SC

NE $16.27

ID

$17.15

CO$19.83

NV

AZ $17.09

$14.99

$17.30 GA

$19.11 MS

$14.89

FL $24.43

$17.00 to less than $23.00

$23.00 or More

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 15

16| NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

n TABLES & MAPS

2020 HOURS AT MINIMUM WAGE NEEDED TO AFFORD A ONE-BEDROOM RENTAL HOME AT FAIR MARKET RENT

*Note: New England states are displayed with HUD Fair Market Rent Areas. All other states are displayed at the county level. This map does not account for the 37 sub-county jurisdictions with minimum wages higher than the prevailing county, state, or federal minimum wage. None of these local minimum wages are sufficient to afford a one-bedroom rental home at the Fair Market Rent with a 40 hour work week. The geographic variation of Oregon and New York's state minimum wages are reflected at the county level.

Hours at minimum wage 40 hours per week or fewer

41 to 50 hours per week

51 to 60 hours per week

61 to 80 hours per week

More than 80 hours per week

OUT OF REACH 2020 16OUT OF REACH 2019 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

n TABLES & MAPS

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

MOST EXPENSIVE JURISDICTIONS Metropolitan Areas Housing Wage for

Two-Bedroom FMR1 Metropolitan Counties2 Housing Wage for Two-Bedroom FMR

San Francisco, CA HMFA3 $64.21 Marin County, CA $64.21

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA HMFA $57.12 San Francisco County, CA $64.21

Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA4 $48.44 San Mateo County, CA $64.21

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA $44.69 Santa Clara County, CA $57.12

Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA HMFA $44.44 Santa Cruz County, CA $48.44

Oakland-Fremont, CA HMFA $43.06 Santa Barbara County, CA $44.69

Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA HMFA $42.62 Alameda County, CA $43.06

Honolulu, HI MSA $41.54 Contra Costa County, CA $43.06

Seattle-Bellevue, WA HMFA $40.37 Orange County, CA $42.62

Stamford-Norwalk, CT HMFA $39.98 Honolulu County, HI $41.54

State Nonmetropolitan Areas (Combined) Housing Wage for Two-Bedroom FMR

Nonmetropolitan Counties (or County-Equivalents)

Housing Wage for Two-Bedroom FMR

Hawaii $29.81 Kauai County, HI $36.17

Alaska $26.11 Aleutians West Census Area, AK $33.75

Massachusetts $23.69 Dukes County, MA $33.23

Connecticut $22.69 Monroe County, FL $33.23

California $20.00 Nantucket County, MA $33.06

New Hampshire $19.90 Bethel Census Area, AK $32.46

Vermont $19.00 Nome Census Area, AK $32.40

Maryland $18.91 Pitkin County, CO $30.37

Washington $18.34 Denali Borough, AK $29.60

Colorado $18.25 North Slope Borough, AK $28.50

Juneau City and Borough, AK $28.50

1 FMR = Fair Market Rent. 2 Excludes metropolitan counties in New England. 3 HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. This term indicates that a portion of an Office of Management & Budget (OMB)-defined core-based statistical area (CBSA) is in the area to which the FMRs apply. HUD is

required by OMB to alter the names of the metropolitan geographic entities it derives from CBSAs when the geographies are not the same as that established by the OMB. 4 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geographic entities defined by OMB for use by the federal statistical agencies in collecting, tabulating, and publishing federal statistics. 17

n TABLES & MAPS

STATES RANKED BY TWO-BEDROOM HOUSING WAGE States are ranked from most expensive to least expensive.

Rank1 State Housing Wage for Two-Bedroom FMR2 Rank1 State Housing Wage for

Two-Bedroom FMR2

1 Hawaii 2 California

3 Massachusetts

5 New York

6 Washington

7 New Jersey

8 Maryland

9 Colorado

10 Connecticut

11 Alaska

12 Florida

13 Oregon

14 Virginia

15 New Hampshire

16 Vermont

17 Delaware

18 Illinois

19 Rhode Island

20 Arizona

21 Texas

22 Minnesota

23 Nevada

24 Utah

25 Maine

26 Pennsylvania

27 Georgia

1 Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 FMR = Fair Market Rent.

$17.67

$17.48

$17.42

$17.30

$17.27

$17.15

$17.09

$16.88

$16.59

$16.43

$16.37

$16.32

$16.27

$16.18

$16.07

$15.99

$15.93

$15.46

$15.44

$15.24

$14.99

$14.97

$14.89

$14.19

$38.76 $36.96

$35.52

$32.53

$30.46

$29.69

$28.06

$26.45

$26.42

$25.07

$24.43

$24.37

$23.64

$23.43

$23.36

$21.96

$21.30

$21.16

$21.10

$20.90

$20.53

$20.48

$19.83

$19.79

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51 $19.23

4 District of Columbia $32.83$19.11 52 Puerto Rico $9.36

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

North Carolina

Louisiana

Michigan

South Carolina

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Tennessee

Montana

Idaho

Kansas

New Mexico

Indiana

Nebraska

North Dakota

Missouri

Ohio

Oklahoma

Iowa

Alabama

South Dakota

Kentucky

West Virginia

Mississippi

Arkansas OTHER

18

n TABLES & MAPS

FY20 HOUSING

WAGE HOUSING COSTS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI) RENTER HOUSEHOLDS

State

Hourly wage needed to afford

2 BR1 FMR2 2 BR FMR

Annual income needed to

Afford 2 BR FMR

Full-time jobs at minimum wage3

needed to afford 2 BR FMR Annual AMI4

Monthly rent

affordable at AMI5 30% of AMI

Monthly rent affordable at

30% AMI

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

Monthly rent affordable at mean renter

wage

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to afford

2 BR FMR

Alabama $15.44 $803 $32,110 2.1 $66,123 $1,653 $19,837 $496 585,046 31% $13.30 $692 1.2 Alaska $25.07 $1,304 $52,147 2.5 $92,899 $2,322 $27,870 $697 91,290 36% $19.55 $1,017 1.3 Arizona $21.10 $1,097 $43,892 1.8 $72,954 $1,824 $21,886 $547 918,235 36% $17.46 $908 1.2 Arkansas $14.19 $738 $29,514 1.4 $61,408 $1,535 $18,422 $461 395,744 34% $13.92 $724 1.0 California $36.96 $1,922 $76,879 2.8 $90,909 $2,273 $27,273 $682 5,880,000 45% $23.96 $1,246 1.5 Colorado $26.45 $1,375 $55,016 2.2 $91,959 $2,299 $27,588 $690 742,242 35% $19.49 $1,013 1.4 Connecticut $26.42 $1,374 $54,956 2.4 $101,816 $2,545 $30,545 $764 460,240 34% $17.70 $921 1.5 Delaware $21.96 $1,142 $45,669 2.4 $86,342 $2,159 $25,903 $648 103,457 29% $17.83 $927 1.2 Florida $24.43 $1,270 $50,807 2.9 $68,669 $1,717 $20,601 $515 2,667,159 35% $17.28 $898 1.4 Georgia $19.11 $994 $39,758 2.6 $72,224 $1,806 $21,667 $542 1,369,507 37% $17.51 $911 1.1 Hawaii $38.76 $2,015 $80,613 3.8 $97,168 $2,429 $29,151 $729 190,420 42% $17.17 $893 2.3 Idaho $16.59 $863 $34,511 2.3 $68,372 $1,709 $20,511 $513 190,031 31% $13.26 $689 1.3 Illinois $21.30 $1,108 $44,310 2.1 $85,252 $2,131 $25,576 $639 1,641,003 34% $18.00 $936 1.2 Indiana $16.32 $848 $33,940 2.3 $72,950 $1,824 $21,885 $547 793,086 31% $14.44 $751 1.1 Iowa $15.46 $804 $32,151 2.1 $79,229 $1,981 $23,769 $594 362,703 29% $13.43 $698 1.2 Kansas $16.43 $855 $34,185 2.3 $74,642 $1,866 $22,393 $560 378,704 34% $14.21 $739 1.2 Kentucky $14.99 $780 $31,183 2.1 $66,539 $1,663 $19,962 $499 571,050 33% $13.79 $717 1.1 Louisiana $17.48 $909 $36,356 2.4 $64,793 $1,620 $19,438 $486 602,937 35% $14.64 $761 1.2 Maine $19.79 $1,029 $41,156 1.6 $76,811 $1,920 $23,043 $576 154,809 28% $12.34 $642 1.6 Maryland $28.06 $1,459 $58,366 2.6 $109,357 $2,734 $32,807 $820 728,577 33% $18.16 $944 1.5 Massachusetts $35.52 $1,847 $73,890 2.8 $105,892 $2,647 $31,768 $794 968,213 38% $21.74 $1,131 1.6 Michigan $17.42 $906 $36,227 1.8 $74,703 $1,868 $22,411 $560 1,132,395 29% $15.38 $800 1.1 Minnesota $20.53 $1,068 $42,705 2.1 $92,812 $2,320 $27,844 $696 616,511 28% $16.06 $835 1.3 Mississippi $14.89 $774 $30,977 2.1 $57,678 $1,442 $17,303 $433 351,558 32% $12.10 $629 1.2 Missouri $16.07 $836 $33,424 1.7 $73,483 $1,837 $22,045 $551 794,426 33% $15.28 $794 1.1 Montana $1,828 $21,931 $35,112 2.0 $73,104 $1,828 $21,931 $548 136,687 32% $13.15 $684 1.3 Nebraska $1,968 $23,622 $33,838 1.8 $78,740 $1,968 $23,622 $591 255,496 34% $13.70 $712 1.2

STATE SUMMARY

1 BR = Bedroom. 4 AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 2 FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 5 Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending 3 This calculation uses the higher of the state or federal minimum wage. no more than 30% of gross income on rent and utilities.

Local minimum wages are not used. See Appendix B.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 19

n TABLES & MAPS

STATE SUMMARY FY20

HOUSING WAGE

HOUSING COSTS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI) RENTER HOUSEHOLDS

State

Hourly wage needed to afford

2 BR1 FMR2 2 BR FMR

Annual income needed to

Afford 2 BR FMR

Full-time jobs at minimum wage3

needed to afford 2 BR FMR Annual AMI4

Monthly rent

affordable at AMI5 30% of AMI

Monthly rent affordable at

30% AMI

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

Monthly rent affordable at mean renter

wage

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to afford

2 BR FMR

Nevada $20.48 $1,065 $42,592 2.3 $72,497 $1,812 $21,749 $544 475,410 44% $17.42 $906 1.2

New Hampshire $23.43 $1,218 $48,726 3.2 $94,756 $2,369 $28,427 $711 153,320 29% $15.83 $823 1.5

New Jersey $29.69 $1,544 $61,762 2.7 $102,843 $2,571 $30,853 $771 1,158,949 36% $19.10 $993 1.6

New Mexico $16.37 $851 $34,047 1.8 $62,865 $1,572 $18,859 $471 251,409 32% $13.99 $728 1.2

New York $32.53 $1,691 $67,653 2.8 $87,886 $2,197 $26,366 $659 3,373,181 46% $25.68 $1,335 1.3

North Carolina $17.67 $919 $36,751 2.4 $71,385 $1,785 $21,415 $535 1,369,892 35% $15.92 $828 1.1

North Dakota $16.18 $841 $33,647 2.2 $88,698 $2,217 $26,610 $665 117,556 37% $17.12 $890 0.9

Ohio $15.99 $832 $33,267 1.8 $74,544 $1,864 $22,363 $559 1,582,848 34% $14.42 $750 1.1

Oklahoma $15.93 $828 $33,132 2.2 $66,385 $1,660 $19,916 $498 507,582 34% $15.12 $786 1.1

Oregon $24.37 $1,267 $50,687 2.0 $78,661 $1,967 $23,598 $590 606,312 38% $16.78 $872 1.5

Pennsylvania $19.23 $1,000 $39,992 2.7 $82,696 $2,067 $24,809 $620 1,557,665 31% $15.90 $827 1.2

Rhode Island $21.16 $1,101 $44,023 2.0 $87,969 $2,199 $26,391 $660 163,320 40% $14.21 $739 1.5

South Carolina $17.30 $900 $35,984 2.4 $67,964 $1,699 $20,389 $510 589,362 31% $13.52 $703 1.3

South Dakota $15.24 $793 $31,701 1.6 $76,055 $1,901 $22,817 $570 108,929 32% $12.52 $651 1.2

Tennessee $17.09 $889 $35,550 2.4 $67,463 $1,687 $20,239 $506 865,902 34% $15.82 $823 1.1

Texas $20.90 $1,087 $43,478 2.9 $75,592 $1,890 $22,678 $567 3,635,275 38% $19.56 $1,017 1.1

Utah $19.83 $1,031 $41,251 2.7 $82,685 $2,067 $24,805 $620 288,634 30% $14.94 $777 1.3

Vermont $23.36 $1,215 $48,597 2.1 $78,736 $1,968 $23,621 $591 76,019 29% $13.81 $718 1.7

Virginia $23.64 $1,229 $49,167 3.3 $93,280 $2,332 $27,984 $700 1,057,536 34% $18.67 $971 1.3

Washington $30.46 $1,584 $63,352 2.3 $93,484 $2,337 $28,045 $701 1,043,871 37% $21.90 $1,139 1.4

West Virginia $14.97 $778 $31,135 1.7 $61,519 $1,538 $18,456 $461 198,796 27% $13.03 $678 1.1

Wisconsin $17.27 $898 $35,913 2.4 $80,442 $2,011 $24,133 $603 775,089 33% $14.32 $744 1.2 Wyoming $17.15 $892 $35,663 2.4 $80,329 $2,008 $24,099 $602 70,509 31% $15.15 $788 1.1

OTHER District of Columbia $32.83 $1,707 $68,280 2.2 $126,000 $3,150 $37,800 $945 163,751 58% $29.20 $1,518 1.1

Puerto Rico $9.36 $487 $19,473 1.3 $25,255 $631 $7,576 $189 384,670 32% $7.73 $402 1.2 1 BR = Bedroom. 4 AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 2 FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 5 Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending 3 This calculation uses the higher of the state or federal minimum wage. no more than 30% of gross income on rent and utilities.

Local minimum wages are not used. See Appendix B.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION 20

STATE PAGES

STATE RANKING

$0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000

ALABAMA #46*

In Alabama, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $803. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,676 monthly or $32,110 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT ALABAMA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $13.30

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $15.44

Number of Renter Households 585,046

Percent Renters 31%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Birmingham-Hoover HMFA $18.96

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley MSA $17.62

Tuscaloosa HMFA $17.02

Mobile MSA $16.81

Montgomery MSA $15.96 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

85 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.1 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$15.44 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

71 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$803

$665

$1653

$692

$496

$377

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

AL-22

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AL-23

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALABAMA AAllaabbaammaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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2 4

Alabama

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville MSA

Auburn-Opelika MSA

Birmingham-Hoover HMFA

Chilton County HMFA

Columbus MSA

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley MSA

Decatur MSA

Dothan HMFA

Florence-Muscle Shoals MSA

Gadsden MSA

Henry County HMFA

Huntsville MSA

Mobile MSA

Montgomery MSA

Pickens County HMFA

Tuscaloosa HMFA

Walker County HMFA

$15.44 $803 $32,110 2.1 $66,123 $1,653 $19,837 $496 585,046 31% $13.30 $692 1.2

$12.09 $629 $25,141 1.7 $52,138 $1,303 $15,641 $391 128,796 29% $11.24 $585 1.1

$13.46 $700 $28,000 1.9 $61,500 $1,538 $18,450 $461 13,747 31% $10.47 $545 1.3

$15.60 $811 $32,440 2.2 $76,500 $1,913 $22,950 $574 23,552 40% $9.35 $486 1.7

$18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 125,871 32% $16.44 $855 1.2

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $56,100 $1,403 $16,830 $421 4,213 25% $11.67 $607 1.2

$15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 9,139 40% $13.37 $695 1.1

$17.62 $916 $36,640 2.4 $81,000 $2,025 $24,300 $608 20,741 26% $11.95 $622 1.5

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,600 $1,590 $19,080 $477 15,396 26% $12.33 $641 1.1

$12.81 $666 $26,640 1.8 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 16,571 33% $12.81 $666 1.0

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 18,088 30% $10.39 $540 1.3

$13.33 $693 $27,720 1.8 $65,000 $1,625 $19,500 $488 10,895 28% $10.31 $536 1.3

$11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $59,700 $1,493 $17,910 $448 1,147 17% $13.04 $678 0.9

$15.04 $782 $31,280 2.1 $85,300 $2,133 $25,590 $640 54,668 31% $14.28 $743 1.1

$16.81 $874 $34,960 2.3 $61,400 $1,535 $18,420 $461 54,711 35% $13.76 $716 1.2

$15.96 $830 $33,200 2.2 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 51,274 36% $12.81 $666 1.2

$11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $53,900 $1,348 $16,170 $404 1,961 26% $8.80 $458 1.3

$17.02 $885 $35,400 2.3 $67,800 $1,695 $20,340 $509 28,285 36% $11.80 $614 1.4

$14.44 $751 $30,040 2.0 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 5,991 24% $9.93 $516 1.5

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AL-24

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALABAMA AAllaabbaammaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Counties

Autauga County $15.96 $830 $33,200 2.2 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 5,301 25% $11.44 $595 1.4

Baldwin County $17.62 $916 $36,640 2.4 $81,000 $2,025 $24,300 $608 20,741 26% $11.95 $622 1.5

Barbour County $12.17 $633 $25,320 1.7 $43,800 $1,095 $13,140 $329 3,546 39% $10.47 $544 1.2

Bibb County $18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 1,705 25% $11.60 $603 1.6

Blount County $18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 4,403 21% $9.70 $504 2.0

Bullock County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $42,900 $1,073 $12,870 $322 883 24% $5.24 $272 2.2

Butler County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $45,800 $1,145 $13,740 $344 2,016 30% $10.25 $533 1.1

Calhoun County $13.46 $700 $28,000 1.9 $61,500 $1,538 $18,450 $461 13,747 31% $10.47 $545 1.3

Chambers County $13.13 $683 $27,320 1.8 $51,900 $1,298 $15,570 $389 4,357 32% $13.63 $709 1.0

Cherokee County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $53,400 $1,335 $16,020 $401 2,232 21% $9.27 $482 1.3

Chilton County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $56,100 $1,403 $16,830 $421 4,213 25% $11.67 $607 1.2

Choctaw County $11.88 $618 $24,720 1.6 $48,500 $1,213 $14,550 $364 1,087 20% $12.23 $636 1.0

Clarke County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $53,700 $1,343 $16,110 $403 3,044 33% $10.50 $546 1.1

Clay County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $50,100 $1,253 $15,030 $376 1,447 28% $12.70 $660 0.9

Cleburne County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $54,100 $1,353 $16,230 $406 1,394 24% $13.75 $715 0.9

Coffee County $12.79 $665 $26,600 1.8 $66,900 $1,673 $20,070 $502 6,967 35% $10.51 $546 1.2

Colbert County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 5,950 27% $11.43 $594 1.2

Conecuh County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $40,000 $1,000 $12,000 $300 1,070 23% $10.25 $533 1.1

Coosa County $12.73 $662 $26,480 1.8 $49,100 $1,228 $14,730 $368 739 18% $13.03 $678 1.0

Covington County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $54,800 $1,370 $16,440 $411 3,898 26% $10.65 $554 1.1

Crenshaw County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 1,316 26% $10.42 $542 1.1

Cullman County $12.40 $645 $25,800 1.7 $59,700 $1,493 $17,910 $448 7,811 25% $11.29 $587 1.1

Dale County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $57,500 $1,438 $17,250 $431 7,431 40% $17.73 $922 0.7

Dallas County $11.88 $618 $24,720 1.6 $40,600 $1,015 $12,180 $305 6,569 40% $11.49 $598 1.0

DeKalb County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $51,000 $1,275 $15,300 $383 7,528 29% $11.44 $595 1.0

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AL-25

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALABAMA AAllaabbaammaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Elmore County $15.96 $830 $33,200 2.2 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 7,663 26% $9.67 $503 1.6

Escambia County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $47,400 $1,185 $14,220 $356 4,191 31% $12.43 $646 0.9

Etowah County $13.33 $693 $27,720 1.8 $65,000 $1,625 $19,500 $488 10,895 28% $10.31 $536 1.3

Fayette County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $49,900 $1,248 $14,970 $374 1,535 22% $9.63 $501 1.2

Franklin County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $49,300 $1,233 $14,790 $370 3,300 29% $12.68 $659 0.9

Geneva County $12.81 $666 $26,640 1.8 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 3,059 29% $10.10 $525 1.3

Greene County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $33,800 $845 $10,140 $254 924 31% $8.92 $464 1.3

Hale County $17.02 $885 $35,400 2.3 $67,800 $1,695 $20,340 $509 1,614 29% $9.39 $488 1.8

Henry County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $59,700 $1,493 $17,910 $448 1,147 17% $13.04 $678 0.9

Houston County $12.81 $666 $26,640 1.8 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 13,512 34% $13.06 $679 1.0

Jackson County $12.44 $647 $25,880 1.7 $50,600 $1,265 $15,180 $380 5,344 26% $9.67 $503 1.3

Jefferson County $18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 97,066 37% $16.92 $880 1.1

Lamar County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $49,200 $1,230 $14,760 $369 1,407 24% $8.44 $439 1.4

Lauderdale County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 12,138 32% $9.58 $498 1.4

Lawrence County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,600 $1,590 $19,080 $477 2,678 21% $10.29 $535 1.3

Lee County $15.60 $811 $32,440 2.2 $76,500 $1,913 $22,950 $574 23,552 40% $9.35 $486 1.7

Limestone County $15.04 $782 $31,280 2.1 $85,300 $2,133 $25,590 $640 7,062 22% $11.15 $580 1.3

Lowndes County $15.96 $830 $33,200 2.2 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 1,101 26% $12.15 $632 1.3

Macon County $12.25 $637 $25,480 1.7 $47,300 $1,183 $14,190 $355 2,616 34% $8.46 $440 1.4

Madison County $15.04 $782 $31,280 2.1 $85,300 $2,133 $25,590 $640 47,606 33% $14.63 $761 1.0

Marengo County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $53,700 $1,343 $16,110 $403 2,235 29% $10.75 $559 1.1

Marion County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $48,800 $1,220 $14,640 $366 3,009 25% $9.70 $504 1.2

Marshall County $12.17 $633 $25,320 1.7 $54,000 $1,350 $16,200 $405 10,341 30% $10.25 $533 1.2

Mobile County $16.81 $874 $34,960 2.3 $61,400 $1,535 $18,420 $461 54,711 35% $13.76 $716 1.2

Monroe County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $44,200 $1,105 $13,260 $332 3,187 39% $9.37 $487 1.3

Montgomery County $15.96 $830 $33,200 2.2 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 37,209 41% $13.44 $699 1.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AL-26

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALABAMA AAllaabbaammaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Morgan County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,600 $1,590 $19,080 $477 12,718 28% $12.50 $650 1.1

Perry County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $34,700 $868 $10,410 $260 839 27% $11.79 $613 1.0

Pickens County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $53,900 $1,348 $16,170 $404 1,961 26% $8.80 $458 1.3

Pike County $11.96 $622 $24,880 1.6 $52,500 $1,313 $15,750 $394 4,702 41% $9.02 $469 1.3

Randolph County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $52,200 $1,305 $15,660 $392 2,298 27% $9.78 $508 1.2

Russell County $15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 9,139 40% $13.37 $695 1.1

St. Clair County $18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 6,775 21% $11.93 $621 1.6

Shelby County $18.96 $986 $39,440 2.6 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 15,922 20% $16.35 $850 1.2

Sumter County $14.21 $739 $29,560 2.0 $43,800 $1,095 $13,140 $329 1,769 35% $8.48 $441 1.7

Talladega County $12.38 $644 $25,760 1.7 $56,700 $1,418 $17,010 $425 9,015 29% $13.06 $679 0.9

Tallapoosa County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $56,500 $1,413 $16,950 $424 4,466 27% $8.16 $424 1.4

Tuscaloosa County $17.02 $885 $35,400 2.3 $67,800 $1,695 $20,340 $509 26,671 37% $11.86 $617 1.4

Walker County $14.44 $751 $30,040 2.0 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 5,991 24% $9.93 $516 1.5

Washington County $11.88 $618 $24,720 1.6 $49,700 $1,243 $14,910 $373 973 16% $23.91 $1,243 0.5

Wilcox County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $43,400 $1,085 $13,020 $326 1,333 35% $17.20 $894 0.7

Winston County $11.77 $612 $24,480 1.6 $47,300 $1,183 $14,190 $355 1,977 21% $10.48 $545 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

ALASKA #11*

In Alaska, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,304. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $4,346 monthly or $52,147 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT ALASKA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $10.19

Average Renter Wage $19.55

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $25.07

Number of Renter Households 91,290

Percent Renters 36%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Aleutians West Census Area $33.75

Bethel Census Area $32.46

Nome Census Area $32.40

Denali Borough $29.60

Juneau City and Borough $28.50 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

98 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.5 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$25.07 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

76 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.9 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1304

$1005

$2322

$1017

$697

$530

$344

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

AK-27

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AK-28

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALASKA AAllaasskkaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Alaska

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Anchorage HMFA

Fairbanks MSA

Matanuska-Susitna Borough HMFA

Counties

Aleutians East Borough

Aleutians West Census Area

Anchorage Municipality

Bethel Census Area

Bristol Bay Borough

Denali Borough

Dillingham Census Area

Fairbanks North Star Borough

Haines Borough

Hoonah-Angoon Census Area

Juneau City and Borough

Kenai Peninsula Borough

Ketchikan Gateway Borough

Kodiak Island Borough

Kusilvak Census Area

Lake and Peninsula Borough

Matanuska-Susitna Borough

$25.07 $1,304 $52,147 2.5 $92,899 $2,322 $27,870 $697 91,290 36% $19.55 $1,017 1.3

$26.11 $1,358 $54,318 2.6 $87,497 $2,187 $26,249 $656 27,308 34% $23.29 $1,211 1.1

$25.10 $1,305 $52,200 2.5 $97,300 $2,433 $29,190 $730 41,697 39% $18.95 $985 1.3

$25.48 $1,325 $53,000 2.5 $93,100 $2,328 $27,930 $698 15,150 41% $17.08 $888 1.5

$20.06 $1,043 $41,720 2.0 $91,400 $2,285 $27,420 $686 7,135 23% $11.31 $588 1.8

$23.13 $1,203 $48,120 2.3 $77,700 $1,943 $23,310 $583 328 38% $27.47 $1,428 0.8

$33.75 $1,755 $70,200 3.3 $100,100 $2,503 $30,030 $751 845 72% $31.02 $1,613 1.1

$25.10 $1,305 $52,200 2.5 $97,300 $2,433 $29,190 $730 41,697 39% $18.95 $985 1.3

$32.46 $1,688 $67,520 3.2 $56,900 $1,423 $17,070 $427 1,774 39% $22.96 $1,194 1.4

$23.12 $1,202 $48,080 2.3 $102,500 $2,563 $30,750 $769 157 47% $24.06 $1,251 1.0

$29.60 $1,539 $61,560 2.9 $110,500 $2,763 $33,150 $829 140 22% $18.65 $970 1.6

$26.79 $1,393 $55,720 2.6 $65,000 $1,625 $19,500 $488 564 40% $18.45 $959 1.5

$25.48 $1,325 $53,000 2.5 $93,100 $2,328 $27,930 $698 15,150 41% $17.08 $888 1.5

$20.33 $1,057 $42,280 2.0 $80,000 $2,000 $24,000 $600 334 33% $16.95 $881 1.2

$19.02 $989 $39,560 1.9 $74,500 $1,863 $22,350 $559 209 26% $13.07 $680 1.5

$28.50 $1,482 $59,280 2.8 $117,800 $2,945 $35,340 $884 4,507 36% $15.89 $826 1.8

$22.92 $1,192 $47,680 2.2 $89,700 $2,243 $26,910 $673 5,809 27% $14.86 $773 1.5

$27.19 $1,414 $56,560 2.7 $87,300 $2,183 $26,190 $655 2,087 39% $13.59 $707 2.0

$27.54 $1,432 $57,280 2.7 $98,400 $2,460 $29,520 $738 1,968 45% $16.04 $834 1.7

$18.13 $943 $37,720 1.8 $38,500 $963 $11,550 $289 435 26% $14.93 $776 1.2

$17.44 $907 $36,280 1.7 $50,700 $1,268 $15,210 $380 131 31% $23.97 $1,246 0.7

$20.06 $1,043 $41,720 2.0 $91,400 $2,285 $27,420 $686 7,135 23% $11.31 $588 1.8

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AK-29

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ALASKA AAllaasskkaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Nome Census Area

North Slope Borough

Northwest Arctic Borough

Petersburg Census Area

Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area

Sitka City and Borough

Skagway Municipality

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area

Valdez-Cordova Census Area

Wrangell City and Borough

Yakutat City and Borough

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area

$32.40 $1,685 $67,400 3.2 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 1,141 40% $27.47 $1,429 1.2

$28.50 $1,482 $59,280 2.8 $84,900 $2,123 $25,470 $637 978 50% $54.57 $2,837 0.5

$27.15 $1,412 $56,480 2.7 $62,000 $1,550 $18,600 $465 826 44% $43.74 $2,275 0.6

$22.63 $1,177 $47,080 2.2 $79,900 $1,998 $23,970 $599 371 32% $11.13 $579 2.0

$21.44 $1,115 $44,600 2.1 $67,600 $1,690 $20,280 $507 640 27% $15.05 $783 1.4

$24.87 $1,293 $51,720 2.4 $89,100 $2,228 $26,730 $668 1,499 42% $15.67 $815 1.6

$26.54 $1,380 $55,200 2.6 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 194 49% $13.25 $689 2.0

$24.94 $1,297 $51,880 2.4 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 572 26% $26.52 $1,379 0.9

$23.87 $1,241 $49,640 2.3 $113,200 $2,830 $33,960 $849 832 27% $22.80 $1,186 1.0

$19.40 $1,009 $40,360 1.9 $71,400 $1,785 $21,420 $536 340 32% $8.46 $440 2.3

$23.63 $1,229 $49,160 2.3 $90,800 $2,270 $27,240 $681 87 38% $13.42 $698 1.8

$15.69 $816 $32,640 1.5 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 540 28% $17.65 $918 0.9

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

ARIZONA #20*

In Arizona, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,097. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $3,658 monthly or $43,892 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT ARIZONA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $12.00

Average Renter Wage $17.46

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $21.10

Number of Renter Households 918,235

Percent Renters 36%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Flagstaff MSA $24.35

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale MSA $22.56

Prescott MSA $19.73

Tucson MSA $18.25

Gila County $17.73 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

70 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient $235

$0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000

AZ-30

$21.10 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

57 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.4 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1097

$882

$1824

$908

$547

$624

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AZ-31

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARIZONA AArriizzoonnaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII

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((22002200))

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FFMMRR

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Arizona

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Flagstaff MSA

Lake Havasu City-Kingman MSA

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale MSA

Prescott MSA

Sierra Vista-Douglas MSA

Tucson MSA

Yuma MSA

Counties

Apache County

Cochise County

Coconino County

Gila County

Graham County

Greenlee County

La Paz County

Maricopa County

Mohave County

Navajo County

Pima County

Pinal County

$21.10 $1,097 $43,892 1.8 $72,954 $1,824 $21,886 $547 918,235 36% $17.46 $908 1.2

$15.55 $809 $32,349 1.3 $51,026 $1,276 $15,308 $383 33,192 29% $16.31 $848 1.0

$24.35 $1,266 $50,640 2.0 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 18,639 39% $13.27 $690 1.8

$16.75 $871 $34,840 1.4 $55,700 $1,393 $16,710 $418 26,810 31% $14.36 $747 1.2

$22.56 $1,173 $46,920 1.9 $77,800 $1,945 $23,340 $584 622,826 38% $18.44 $959 1.2

$19.73 $1,026 $41,040 1.6 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 26,952 28% $13.66 $711 1.4

$16.48 $857 $34,280 1.4 $66,300 $1,658 $19,890 $497 15,184 31% $13.16 $685 1.3

$18.25 $949 $37,960 1.5 $68,400 $1,710 $20,520 $513 150,781 38% $14.65 $762 1.2

$15.69 $816 $32,640 1.3 $56,500 $1,413 $16,950 $424 23,851 33% $13.03 $677 1.2

$13.90 $723 $28,920 1.2 $43,200 $1,080 $12,960 $324 4,407 22% $22.44 $1,167 0.6

$16.48 $857 $34,280 1.4 $66,300 $1,658 $19,890 $497 15,184 31% $13.16 $685 1.3

$24.35 $1,266 $50,640 2.0 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 18,639 39% $13.27 $690 1.8

$17.73 $922 $36,880 1.5 $51,800 $1,295 $15,540 $389 5,675 26% $14.51 $754 1.2

$16.40 $853 $34,120 1.4 $62,400 $1,560 $18,720 $468 3,315 31% $13.23 $688 1.2

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 1,639 51% $40.79 $2,121 0.3

$16.48 $857 $34,280 1.4 $47,300 $1,183 $14,190 $355 2,292 26% $12.63 $657 1.3

$22.56 $1,173 $46,920 1.9 $77,800 $1,945 $23,340 $584 587,655 39% $18.54 $964 1.2

$16.75 $871 $34,840 1.4 $55,700 $1,393 $16,710 $418 26,810 31% $14.36 $747 1.2

$15.42 $802 $32,080 1.3 $53,200 $1,330 $15,960 $399 10,646 31% $12.41 $645 1.2

$18.25 $949 $37,960 1.5 $68,400 $1,710 $20,520 $513 150,781 38% $14.65 $762 1.2

$22.56 $1,173 $46,920 1.9 $77,800 $1,945 $23,340 $584 35,171 26% $13.84 $720 1.6

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AZ-32

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARIZONA AArriizzoonnaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Santa Cruz County $14.46 $752 $30,080 1.2 $46,800 $1,170 $14,040 $351 5,218 34% $12.84 $668 1.1

Yavapai County $19.73 $1,026 $41,040 1.6 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 26,952 28% $13.66 $711 1.4

Yuma County $15.69 $816 $32,640 1.3 $56,500 $1,413 $16,950 $424 23,851 33% $13.03 $677 1.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

ARKANSAS #51*

In Arkansas, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $738. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,459 monthly or $29,514 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT ARKANSAS: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $10.00

Average Renter Wage $13.92

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $14.19

Number of Renter Households 395,744

Percent Renters 34%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Crittenden County $17.00

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers HMFA $15.52

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway HMFA $15.46

Jonesboro HMFA $15.25

Texarkana HMFA $15.23 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

57 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.4 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$14.19 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

46 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.1 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$738

$593

$1535

$724

$461

$520

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

AR-33

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AR-34

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARKANSAS AArrkkaannssaass RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt aaffffoorrddaabbllee

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ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

EEssttiimmaatteedd hhoouurrllyy mmeeaann rreenntteerr wwaaggee

((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Arkansas

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers HMFA

Fort Smith HMFA

Grant County HMFA

Hot Springs MSA

Jonesboro HMFA

Little River County HMFA

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway HMFA

Memphis HMFA

Pine Bluff MSA

Poinsett County HMFA

Texarkana HMFA

Counties

Arkansas County

Ashley County

Baxter County

Benton County

Boone County

Bradley County

Calhoun County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$14.19 $738 $29,514 1.4 $61,408 $1,535 $18,422 $461 395,744 34% $13.92 $724 1.0

$12.41 $646 $25,820 1.2 $50,668 $1,267 $15,200 $380 133,878 30% $11.70 $609 1.1

$15.52 $807 $32,280 1.6 $73,600 $1,840 $22,080 $552 73,177 39% $18.14 $943 0.9

$13.19 $686 $27,440 1.3 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 25,921 35% $13.11 $681 1.0

$13.63 $709 $28,360 1.4 $64,700 $1,618 $19,410 $485 1,363 20% $11.14 $579 1.2

$14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 12,939 32% $11.60 $603 1.3

$15.25 $793 $31,720 1.5 $65,200 $1,630 $19,560 $489 17,355 43% $11.50 $598 1.3

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $54,500 $1,363 $16,350 $409 1,506 28% $16.08 $836 0.8

$15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 100,292 36% $14.42 $750 1.1

$17.00 $884 $35,360 1.7 $67,900 $1,698 $20,370 $509 7,885 42% $12.05 $627 1.4

$13.71 $713 $28,520 1.4 $52,600 $1,315 $15,780 $395 11,904 35% $12.77 $664 1.1

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $46,600 $1,165 $13,980 $350 3,447 37% $11.90 $619 1.0

$15.23 $792 $31,680 1.5 $69,800 $1,745 $20,940 $524 6,077 36% $12.03 $626 1.3

$12.35 $642 $25,680 1.2 $51,800 $1,295 $15,540 $389 2,788 36% $13.20 $686 0.9

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $50,800 $1,270 $15,240 $381 2,084 26% $9.96 $518 1.2

$13.44 $699 $27,960 1.3 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 4,441 24% $12.65 $658 1.1

$15.52 $807 $32,280 1.6 $73,600 $1,840 $22,080 $552 31,715 34% $21.33 $1,109 0.7

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $49,900 $1,248 $14,970 $374 4,232 28% $12.58 $654 1.0

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $49,800 $1,245 $14,940 $374 1,701 37% $12.66 $658 1.0

$13.02 $677 $27,080 1.3 $50,400 $1,260 $15,120 $378 318 16% $11.32 $589 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AR-35

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARKANSAS AArrkkaannssaass RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt 3300%% ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

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rreenntteerr wwaaggee3 5 1

HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

EEssttiimmaatteedd hhoouurrllyy mmeeaann rreenntteerr wwaaggee

((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Carroll County $12.27 $638 $25,520 1.2 $54,700 $1,368 $16,410 $410 2,681 24% $10.48 $545 1.2

Chicot County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $41,500 $1,038 $12,450 $311 1,539 36% $9.18 $477 1.3

Clark County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $57,700 $1,443 $17,310 $433 3,174 37% $9.69 $504 1.3

Clay County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $45,900 $1,148 $13,770 $344 1,967 31% $9.18 $478 1.3

Cleburne County $13.08 $680 $27,200 1.3 $59,700 $1,493 $17,910 $448 2,728 25% $11.13 $579 1.2

Cleveland County $13.71 $713 $28,520 1.4 $52,600 $1,315 $15,780 $395 810 25% $10.58 $550 1.3

Columbia County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $52,200 $1,305 $15,660 $392 2,801 31% $12.77 $664 0.9

Conway County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $54,600 $1,365 $16,380 $410 2,689 32% $13.13 $683 0.9

Craighead County $15.25 $793 $31,720 1.5 $65,200 $1,630 $19,560 $489 17,355 43% $11.50 $598 1.3

Crawford County $13.19 $686 $27,440 1.3 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 5,519 23% $10.90 $567 1.2

Crittenden County $17.00 $884 $35,360 1.7 $67,900 $1,698 $20,370 $509 7,885 42% $12.05 $627 1.4

Cross County $13.17 $685 $27,400 1.3 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 2,180 33% $10.38 $540 1.3

Dallas County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $48,700 $1,218 $14,610 $365 973 32% $11.11 $578 1.1

Desha County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $40,500 $1,013 $12,150 $304 2,076 41% $12.77 $664 0.9

Drew County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $53,900 $1,348 $16,170 $404 2,228 32% $8.49 $442 1.4

Faulkner County $15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 16,480 37% $11.73 $610 1.3

Franklin County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $49,100 $1,228 $14,730 $368 1,872 28% $7.77 $404 1.6

Fulton County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $45,300 $1,133 $13,590 $340 1,091 22% $7.16 $372 1.7

Garland County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 12,939 32% $11.60 $603 1.3

Grant County $13.63 $709 $28,360 1.4 $64,700 $1,618 $19,410 $485 1,363 20% $11.14 $579 1.2

Greene County $13.33 $693 $27,720 1.3 $58,700 $1,468 $17,610 $440 5,445 32% $13.00 $676 1.0

Hempstead County $12.37 $643 $25,720 1.2 $51,200 $1,280 $15,360 $384 2,498 31% $11.39 $592 1.1

Hot Spring County $12.17 $633 $25,320 1.2 $55,300 $1,383 $16,590 $415 3,008 24% $12.36 $643 1.0

Howard County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $47,400 $1,185 $14,220 $356 1,604 31% $9.67 $503 1.3

Independence County $12.69 $660 $26,400 1.3 $54,800 $1,370 $16,440 $411 3,977 28% $11.20 $582 1.1

Izard County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $52,000 $1,300 $15,600 $390 1,055 21% $9.95 $518 1.2

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AR-36

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARKANSAS AArrkkaannssaass RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

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AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Jackson County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $44,900 $1,123 $13,470 $337 1,868 31% $11.53 $599 1.1

Jefferson County $13.71 $713 $28,520 1.4 $52,600 $1,315 $15,780 $395 10,130 38% $13.29 $691 1.0

Johnson County $12.35 $642 $25,680 1.2 $45,600 $1,140 $13,680 $342 2,784 28% $9.57 $498 1.3

Lafayette County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $46,300 $1,158 $13,890 $347 668 23% $9.06 $471 1.3

Lawrence County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 2,172 33% $10.78 $560 1.1

Lee County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $41,900 $1,048 $12,570 $314 1,418 42% $8.72 $454 1.4

Lincoln County $13.71 $713 $28,520 1.4 $52,600 $1,315 $15,780 $395 964 25% $7.26 $377 1.9

Little River County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $54,500 $1,363 $16,350 $409 1,506 28% $16.08 $836 0.8

Logan County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $48,900 $1,223 $14,670 $367 2,389 28% $10.95 $569 1.1

Lonoke County $15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 8,362 31% $10.73 $558 1.4

Madison County $15.52 $807 $32,280 1.6 $73,600 $1,840 $22,080 $552 1,340 22% $11.29 $587 1.4

Marion County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $46,400 $1,160 $13,920 $348 1,409 21% $7.69 $400 1.6

Miller County $15.23 $792 $31,680 1.5 $69,800 $1,745 $20,940 $524 6,077 36% $12.03 $626 1.3

Mississippi County $12.40 $645 $25,800 1.2 $44,700 $1,118 $13,410 $335 7,363 44% $18.31 $952 0.7

Monroe County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $47,400 $1,185 $14,220 $356 1,332 40% $8.77 $456 1.4

Montgomery County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $48,900 $1,223 $14,670 $367 653 17% $6.30 $328 1.9

Nevada County $14.08 $732 $29,280 1.4 $50,500 $1,263 $15,150 $379 1,055 32% $11.88 $618 1.2

$12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $50,200 $1,255 $15,060 $377 342 12%

Ouachita County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $45,400 $1,135 $13,620 $341 3,201 32% $9.32 $485 1.3

Perry County $15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 738 20% $10.33 $537 1.5

Phillips County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $37,100 $928 $11,130 $278 3,884 52% $11.07 $576 1.1

Pike County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $51,800 $1,295 $15,540 $389 981 23% $10.58 $550 1.1

Poinsett County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $46,600 $1,165 $13,980 $350 3,447 37% $11.90 $619 1.0

Polk County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $42,600 $1,065 $12,780 $320 1,987 24% $11.25 $585 1.1

Pope County $12.62 $656 $26,240 1.3 $54,100 $1,353 $16,230 $406 7,151 32% $13.02 $677 1.0

Prairie County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $51,000 $1,275 $15,300 $383 1,071 28% $10.33 $537 1.2

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION AR-37

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ARKANSAS AArrkkaannssaass RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Pulaski County $15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 65,275 42% $15.42 $802 1.0

Randolph County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $48,400 $1,210 $14,520 $363 2,084 28% $11.19 $582 1.1

St. Francis County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $43,200 $1,080 $12,960 $324 3,998 43% $9.97 $519 1.2

Saline County $15.46 $804 $32,160 1.5 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 9,437 22% $11.20 $583 1.4

Scott County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $45,400 $1,135 $13,620 $341 990 26% $6.87 $357 1.8

Searcy County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $46,900 $1,173 $14,070 $352 732 22% $6.25 $325 1.9

Sebastian County $13.19 $686 $27,440 1.3 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 20,402 40% $13.76 $715 1.0

Sevier County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $56,000 $1,400 $16,800 $420 1,470 25% $10.26 $534 1.2

Sharp County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $43,200 $1,080 $12,960 $324 1,781 24% $8.12 $422 1.5

Stone County $12.17 $633 $25,320 1.2 $44,300 $1,108 $13,290 $332 1,351 27% $7.07 $368 1.7

Union County $12.15 $632 $25,280 1.2 $55,100 $1,378 $16,530 $413 4,016 25% $15.46 $804 0.8

Van Buren County $12.37 $643 $25,720 1.2 $46,400 $1,160 $13,920 $348 1,593 23% $10.05 $523 1.2

Washington County $15.52 $807 $32,280 1.6 $73,600 $1,840 $22,080 $552 40,122 47% $14.48 $753 1.1

White County $13.04 $678 $27,120 1.3 $57,200 $1,430 $17,160 $429 9,789 33% $11.24 $585 1.2

Woodruff County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $49,400 $1,235 $14,820 $371 968 33% $8.99 $468 1.3

Yell County $12.12 $630 $25,200 1.2 $48,700 $1,218 $14,610 $365 2,228 30% $11.24 $584 1.1

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

CALIFORNIA #2*

In California, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,922. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $6,407 monthly or $76,879 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT CALIFORNIA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $13.00

Average Renter Wage $23.96

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $36.96

Number of Renter Households 5,880,000

Percent Renters 45%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

San Francisco HMFA $64.21

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara HMFA $57.12

Santa Cruz-Watsonville MSA $48.44

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara MSA $44.69

Oakland-Fremont HMFA $43.06 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

114 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$36.96 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

90 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1922

$1522

$1246

$682

$676

$283

$2273

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

CA-38

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CA-39

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

CALIFORNIA CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

California

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Bakersfield MSA

Chico MSA

El Centro MSA

Fresno MSA

Hanford-Corcoran MSA

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale HMFA

Madera MSA

Merced MSA

Modesto MSA

Napa MSA

Oakland-Fremont HMFA

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura MSA

Redding MSA

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade HMFA

Salinas MSA

San Benito County HMFA

San Diego-Carlsbad MSA *

$36.96 $1,922 $76,879 2.8 $90,909 $2,273 $27,273 $682 5,880,000 45% $23.96 $1,246 1.5

$20.00 $1,040 $41,610 1.5 $70,912 $1,773 $21,273 $532 111,615 34% $12.60 $655 1.6

$18.19 $946 $37,840 1.4 $56,600 $1,415 $16,980 $425 112,518 42% $13.97 $726 1.3

$20.96 $1,090 $43,600 1.6 $66,100 $1,653 $19,830 $496 35,439 41% $13.59 $707 1.5

$19.75 $1,027 $41,080 1.5 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 18,340 42% $9.19 $478 2.1

$18.85 $980 $39,200 1.4 $61,700 $1,543 $18,510 $463 143,680 47% $12.99 $676 1.5

$20.46 $1,064 $42,560 1.6 $62,200 $1,555 $18,660 $467 20,621 48% $14.18 $737 1.4

$37.62 $1,956 $78,240 2.9 $77,300 $1,933 $23,190 $580 1,791,480 54% $22.59 $1,175 1.7

$21.25 $1,105 $44,200 1.6 $59,400 $1,485 $17,820 $446 16,132 36% $13.28 $691 1.6

$18.21 $947 $37,880 1.4 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 38,228 48% $14.23 $740 1.3

$21.25 $1,105 $44,200 1.6 $69,300 $1,733 $20,790 $520 73,603 43% $15.80 $822 1.3

$36.15 $1,880 $75,200 2.8 $109,200 $2,730 $32,760 $819 17,776 36% $18.33 $953 2.0

$43.06 $2,239 $89,560 3.3 $119,200 $2,980 $35,760 $894 402,485 42% $24.51 $1,275 1.8

$37.37 $1,943 $77,720 2.9 $97,800 $2,445 $29,340 $734 99,672 37% $17.98 $935 2.1

$18.58 $966 $38,640 1.4 $68,500 $1,713 $20,550 $514 25,752 37% $13.43 $698 1.4

$24.79 $1,289 $51,560 1.9 $75,300 $1,883 $22,590 $565 502,841 37% $14.44 $751 1.7

$25.94 $1,349 $53,960 2.0 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 292,090 39% $17.26 $898 1.5

$34.81 $1,810 $72,400 2.7 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 61,690 49% $16.78 $873 2.1

$32.88 $1,710 $68,400 2.5 $89,700 $2,243 $26,910 $673 6,476 37% $16.06 $835 2.0

$39.17 $2,037 $81,480 3.0 $92,700 $2,318 $27,810 $695 525,090 47% $21.39 $1,112 1.8

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CA-40

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

CALIFORNIA CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

San Francisco HMFA

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara HMFA

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande MSA

Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine HMFA

Santa Cruz-Watsonville MSA

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara MSA

Santa Rosa MSA

Stockton-Lodi MSA

Vallejo-Fairfield MSA

Visalia-Porterville MSA

Yolo HMFA

Yuba City MSA

Counties

Alameda County

Alpine County

Amador County

Butte County

Calaveras County

Colusa County

Contra Costa County

Del Norte County

El Dorado County

Fresno County

$64.21 $3,339 $133,560 4.9 $143,100 $3,578 $42,930 $1,073 367,561 51% $46.29 $2,407 1.4

$57.12 $2,970 $118,800 4.4 $141,600 $3,540 $42,480 $1,062 274,867 43% $50.94 $2,649 1.1

$31.87 $1,657 $66,280 2.5 $97,300 $2,433 $29,190 $730 41,331 39% $15.72 $818 2.0

$42.62 $2,216 $88,640 3.3 $103,000 $2,575 $30,900 $773 440,104 43% $21.87 $1,137 1.9

$48.44 $2,519 $100,760 3.7 $110,000 $2,750 $33,000 $825 38,883 41% $15.54 $808 3.1

$44.69 $2,324 $92,960 3.4 $87,800 $2,195 $26,340 $659 69,322 48% $18.34 $954 2.4

$37.48 $1,949 $77,960 2.9 $102,700 $2,568 $30,810 $770 74,246 39% $18.92 $984 2.0

$22.00 $1,144 $45,760 1.7 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 100,630 44% $14.84 $771 1.5

$30.56 $1,589 $63,560 2.4 $95,400 $2,385 $28,620 $716 58,647 39% $19.50 $1,014 1.6

$18.10 $941 $37,640 1.4 $52,900 $1,323 $15,870 $397 58,792 43% $12.23 $636 1.5

$27.00 $1,404 $56,160 2.1 $92,500 $2,313 $27,750 $694 35,497 48% $14.93 $777 1.8

$20.90 $1,087 $43,480 1.6 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 24,592 42% $14.05 $731 1.5

$43.06 $2,239 $89,560 3.3 $119,200 $2,980 $35,760 $894 267,736 47% $25.52 $1,327 1.7

$19.50 $1,014 $40,560 1.5 $83,200 $2,080 $24,960 $624 48 16% $10.34 $537 1.9

$21.69 $1,128 $45,120 1.7 $78,700 $1,968 $23,610 $590 3,292 23% $11.17 $581 1.9

$20.96 $1,090 $43,600 1.6 $66,100 $1,653 $19,830 $496 35,439 41% $13.59 $707 1.5

$19.00 $988 $39,520 1.5 $80,400 $2,010 $24,120 $603 3,891 22% $12.13 $631 1.6

$18.04 $938 $37,520 1.4 $66,400 $1,660 $19,920 $498 2,742 39% $13.56 $705 1.3

$43.06 $2,239 $89,560 3.3 $119,200 $2,980 $35,760 $894 134,749 34% $22.38 $1,164 1.9

$18.81 $978 $39,120 1.4 $57,400 $1,435 $17,220 $431 3,684 38% $10.22 $532 1.8

$25.94 $1,349 $53,960 2.0 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 16,182 23% $14.07 $732 1.8

$18.85 $980 $39,200 1.4 $61,700 $1,543 $18,510 $463 143,680 47% $12.99 $676 1.5

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CA-41

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

CALIFORNIA CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Glenn County $16.98 $883 $35,320 1.3 $56,700 $1,418 $17,010 $425 4,036 40% $12.46 $648 1.4

Humboldt County $20.00 $1,040 $41,600 1.5 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 23,414 43% $12.54 $652 1.6

Imperial County $19.75 $1,027 $41,080 1.5 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 18,340 42% $9.19 $478 2.1

Inyo County $18.71 $973 $38,920 1.4 $75,100 $1,878 $22,530 $563 2,973 37% $12.93 $672 1.4

Kern County $18.19 $946 $37,840 1.4 $56,600 $1,415 $16,980 $425 112,518 42% $13.97 $726 1.3

Kings County $20.46 $1,064 $42,560 1.6 $62,200 $1,555 $18,660 $467 20,621 48% $14.18 $737 1.4

Lake County $19.54 $1,016 $40,640 1.5 $65,800 $1,645 $19,740 $494 8,809 34% $13.05 $679 1.5

Lassen County $17.33 $901 $36,040 1.3 $70,400 $1,760 $21,120 $528 3,048 32% $11.46 $596 1.5

Los Angeles County $37.62 $1,956 $78,240 2.5 $77,300 $1,933 $23,190 $580 1,791,480 54% $22.59 $1,175 1.7

Madera County $21.25 $1,105 $44,200 1.6 $59,400 $1,485 $17,820 $446 16,132 36% $13.28 $691 1.6

Marin County $64.21 $3,339 $133,560 4.9 $143,100 $3,578 $42,930 $1,073 38,058 36% $22.49 $1,169 2.9

Mariposa County $20.37 $1,059 $42,360 1.6 $66,900 $1,673 $20,070 $502 2,390 31% $9.70 $505 2.1

Mendocino County $22.56 $1,173 $46,920 1.7 $70,700 $1,768 $21,210 $530 13,917 41% $12.51 $650 1.8

Merced County $18.21 $947 $37,880 1.4 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 38,228 48% $14.23 $740 1.3

Modoc County $14.81 $770 $30,800 1.1 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 857 23% $12.75 $663 1.2

Mono County $24.81 $1,290 $51,600 1.9 $80,900 $2,023 $24,270 $607 1,833 38% $14.42 $750 1.7

Monterey County $34.81 $1,810 $72,400 2.7 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 61,690 49% $16.78 $873 2.1

Napa County $36.15 $1,880 $75,200 2.8 $109,200 $2,730 $32,760 $819 17,776 36% $18.33 $953 2.0

Nevada County $25.27 $1,314 $52,560 1.9 $92,400 $2,310 $27,720 $693 10,498 26% $13.73 $714 1.8

Orange County $42.62 $2,216 $88,640 3.3 $103,000 $2,575 $30,900 $773 440,104 43% $21.87 $1,137 1.9

Placer County $25.94 $1,349 $53,960 2.0 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 39,961 28% $17.41 $905 1.5

Plumas County $17.62 $916 $36,640 1.4 $72,200 $1,805 $21,660 $542 2,179 27% $12.47 $648 1.4

Riverside County $24.79 $1,289 $51,560 1.9 $75,300 $1,883 $22,590 $565 245,948 34% $13.73 $714 1.8

Sacramento County $25.94 $1,349 $53,960 2.0 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 235,947 44% $17.53 $911 1.5

San Benito County $32.88 $1,710 $68,400 2.5 $89,700 $2,243 $26,910 $673 6,476 37% $16.06 $835 2.0

San Bernardino County $24.79 $1,289 $51,560 1.9 $75,300 $1,883 $22,590 $565 256,893 41% $15.13 $787 1.6

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CA-42

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

CALIFORNIA CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

San Diego County * $39.17 $2,037 $81,480 3.0 $92,700 $2,318 $27,810 $695 525,090 47% $21.39 $1,112 1.8

San Francisco County $64.21 $3,339 $133,560 4.9 $143,100 $3,578 $42,930 $1,073 224,398 62% $48.96 $2,546 1.3

San Joaquin County $22.00 $1,144 $45,760 1.7 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 100,630 44% $14.84 $771 1.5

San Luis Obispo County $31.87 $1,657 $66,280 2.5 $97,300 $2,433 $29,190 $730 41,331 39% $15.72 $818 2.0

San Mateo County $64.21 $3,339 $133,560 4.9 $143,100 $3,578 $42,930 $1,073 105,105 40% $48.14 $2,503 1.3

Santa Barbara County $44.69 $2,324 $92,960 3.4 $87,800 $2,195 $26,340 $659 69,322 48% $18.34 $954 2.4

Santa Clara County $57.12 $2,970 $118,800 4.4 $141,600 $3,540 $42,480 $1,062 274,867 43% $50.94 $2,649 1.1

Santa Cruz County $48.44 $2,519 $100,760 3.7 $110,000 $2,750 $33,000 $825 38,883 41% $15.54 $808 3.1

Shasta County $18.58 $966 $38,640 1.4 $68,500 $1,713 $20,550 $514 25,752 37% $13.43 $698 1.4

Sierra County $24.42 $1,270 $50,800 1.9 $80,500 $2,013 $24,150 $604 231 19% $8.51 $443 2.9

Siskiyou County $16.46 $856 $34,240 1.3 $54,400 $1,360 $16,320 $408 6,624 34% $11.75 $611 1.4

Solano County $30.56 $1,589 $63,560 2.4 $95,400 $2,385 $28,620 $716 58,647 39% $19.50 $1,014 1.6

Sonoma County $37.48 $1,949 $77,960 2.9 $102,700 $2,568 $30,810 $770 74,246 39% $18.92 $984 2.0

Stanislaus County $21.25 $1,105 $44,200 1.6 $69,300 $1,733 $20,790 $520 73,603 43% $15.80 $822 1.3

Sutter County $20.90 $1,087 $43,480 1.6 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 13,800 43% $13.22 $688 1.6

Tehama County $17.46 $908 $36,320 1.3 $55,800 $1,395 $16,740 $419 8,450 35% $13.17 $685 1.3

Trinity County $16.38 $852 $34,080 1.3 $51,600 $1,290 $15,480 $387 1,928 33% $9.96 $518 1.6

Tulare County $18.10 $941 $37,640 1.4 $52,900 $1,323 $15,870 $397 58,792 43% $12.23 $636 1.5

Tuolumne County $19.52 $1,015 $40,600 1.5 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 6,771 30% $12.50 $650 1.6

Ventura County $37.37 $1,943 $77,720 2.9 $97,800 $2,445 $29,340 $734 99,672 37% $17.98 $935 2.1

Yolo County $27.00 $1,404 $56,160 2.1 $92,500 $2,313 $27,750 $694 35,497 48% $14.93 $777 1.8

Yuba County $20.90 $1,087 $43,480 1.6 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 10,792 41% $15.98 $831 1.3

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

COLORADO #9*

In Colorado, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,375. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $4,585 monthly or $55,016 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT COLORADO: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $12.00

Average Renter Wage $19.49

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $26.45

Number of Renter Households 742,242

Percent Renters 35%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Boulder MSA $33.02

Pitkin County $30.37

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood MSA $30.12

Eagle County $27.58

Summit County $27.19 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

88 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.2 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient $246

$0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

CO-43

$26.45 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

71 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1375

$1103

$2299

$1013

$690

$624

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CO-44

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

COLORADO CCoolloorraaddoo RREENNTTEERRSS

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%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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AAMMII

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Colorado

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Boulder MSA

Colorado Springs HMFA

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood MSA

Fort Collins MSA

Grand Junction MSA

Greeley MSA

Pueblo MSA

Teller County HMFA

Counties

Adams County

Alamosa County

Arapahoe County

Archuleta County

Baca County

Bent County

Boulder County

Broomfield County

Chaffee County

Cheyenne County

Clear Creek County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$26.45 $1,375 $55,016 2.2 $91,959 $2,299 $27,588 $690 742,242 35% $19.49 $1,013 1.4

$18.25 $949 $37,967 1.5 $70,611 $1,765 $21,183 $530 84,055 31% $14.62 $760 1.2

$33.02 $1,717 $68,680 2.8 $115,100 $2,878 $34,530 $863 47,801 38% $19.94 $1,037 1.7

$21.94 $1,141 $45,640 1.8 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 91,815 36% $16.19 $842 1.4

$30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 398,634 36% $22.23 $1,156 1.4

$23.92 $1,244 $49,760 2.0 $99,400 $2,485 $29,820 $746 47,280 35% $15.22 $791 1.6

$19.90 $1,035 $41,400 1.7 $67,700 $1,693 $20,310 $508 20,003 33% $12.92 $672 1.5

$20.12 $1,046 $41,840 1.7 $84,300 $2,108 $25,290 $632 27,957 27% $15.51 $806 1.3

$16.12 $838 $33,520 1.3 $61,200 $1,530 $18,360 $459 22,756 36% $12.56 $653 1.3

$21.46 $1,116 $44,640 1.8 $81,800 $2,045 $24,540 $614 1,941 19% $11.47 $597 1.9

$30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 57,178 35% $17.35 $902 1.7

$14.40 $749 $29,960 1.2 $49,100 $1,228 $14,730 $368 2,725 44% $13.09 $681 1.1

$30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 87,727 37% $21.96 $1,142 1.4

$17.67 $919 $36,760 1.5 $58,400 $1,460 $17,520 $438 1,442 25% $11.69 $608 1.5

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $48,800 $1,220 $14,640 $366 464 28% $11.98 $623 1.1

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $43,400 $1,085 $13,020 $326 625 36% $12.60 $655 1.1

$33.02 $1,717 $68,680 2.8 $115,100 $2,878 $34,530 $863 47,801 38% $19.94 $1,037 1.7

$30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 8,999 34% $30.08 $1,564 1.0

$15.81 $822 $32,880 1.3 $71,300 $1,783 $21,390 $535 1,855 23% $9.90 $515 1.6

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $72,800 $1,820 $21,840 $546 192 26% $17.27 $898 0.8

$30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 1,092 24% $13.71 $713 2.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CO-45

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

COLORADO CCoolloorraaddoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Conejos County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $53,200 $1,330 $15,960 $399 623 20% $8.11 $422 1.7

Costilla County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $36,800 $920 $11,040 $276 498 30% $10.56 $549 1.3

Crowley County $14.08 $732 $29,280 1.2 $52,900 $1,323 $15,870 $397 329 28% $16.40 $853 0.9

Custer County $14.33 $745 $29,800 1.2 $57,700 $1,443 $17,310 $433 306 15% $9.27 $482 1.5

Delta County $16.92 $880 $35,200 1.4 $58,100 $1,453 $17,430 $436 3,441 29% $9.45 $491 1.8

Denver County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 148,275 50% $26.00 $1,352 1.2

Dolores County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 140 19% $14.16 $736 1.0

Douglas County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 24,651 21% $21.33 $1,109 1.4

Eagle County $27.58 $1,434 $57,360 2.3 $99,900 $2,498 $29,970 $749 5,219 29% $15.99 $832 1.7

Elbert County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 930 10% $11.39 $592 2.6

El Paso County $21.94 $1,141 $45,640 1.8 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 91,815 36% $16.19 $842 1.4

Fremont County $15.12 $786 $31,440 1.3 $59,500 $1,488 $17,850 $446 4,287 25% $10.19 $530 1.5

Garfield County $21.92 $1,140 $45,600 1.8 $84,500 $2,113 $25,350 $634 7,002 33% $18.74 $975 1.2

Gilpin County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 506 19% $18.73 $974 1.6

Grand County $19.48 $1,013 $40,520 1.6 $78,800 $1,970 $23,640 $591 1,814 31% $11.34 $590 1.7

Gunnison County $16.81 $874 $34,960 1.4 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 2,585 39% $13.91 $723 1.2

$14.79 $769 $30,760 1.2 $76,700 $1,918 $23,010 $575 110 28%

Huerfano County $14.10 $733 $29,320 1.2 $52,600 $1,315 $15,780 $395 930 28% $11.78 $613 1.2

Jackson County $16.44 $855 $34,200 1.4 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 165 29% $15.73 $818 1.0

Jefferson County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 68,118 30% $17.93 $932 1.7

Kiowa County $16.44 $855 $34,200 1.4 $53,500 $1,338 $16,050 $401 150 25% $21.04 $1,094 0.8

Kit Carson County $14.00 $728 $29,120 1.2 $60,400 $1,510 $18,120 $453 928 31% $13.13 $683 1.1

Lake County $15.13 $787 $31,480 1.3 $66,800 $1,670 $20,040 $501 1,268 38% $18.19 $946 0.8

La Plata County $18.90 $983 $39,320 1.6 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 6,416 29% $14.67 $763 1.3

Larimer County $23.92 $1,244 $49,760 2.0 $99,400 $2,485 $29,820 $746 47,280 35% $15.22 $791 1.6

Las Animas County $14.96 $778 $31,120 1.2 $56,200 $1,405 $16,860 $422 2,011 31% $14.05 $731 1.1

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CO-46

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

COLORADO CCoolloorraaddoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Lincoln County $14.58 $758 $30,320 1.2 $64,000 $1,600 $19,200 $480 480 32% $11.21 $583 1.3

Logan County $14.38 $748 $29,920 1.2 $60,800 $1,520 $18,240 $456 3,129 38% $13.17 $685 1.1

Mesa County $19.90 $1,035 $41,400 1.7 $67,700 $1,693 $20,310 $508 20,003 33% $12.92 $672 1.5

Mineral County $16.44 $855 $34,200 1.4 $75,500 $1,888 $22,650 $566 42 11% $9.96 $518 1.7

Moffat County $14.65 $762 $30,480 1.2 $72,700 $1,818 $21,810 $545 1,666 32% $16.57 $862 0.9

Montezuma County $15.13 $787 $31,480 1.3 $59,200 $1,480 $17,760 $444 3,069 29% $13.13 $683 1.2

Montrose County $15.71 $817 $32,680 1.3 $60,900 $1,523 $18,270 $457 5,014 29% $12.21 $635 1.3

Morgan County $15.21 $791 $31,640 1.3 $61,000 $1,525 $18,300 $458 3,850 36% $16.67 $867 0.9

Otero County $14.54 $756 $30,240 1.2 $48,400 $1,210 $14,520 $363 2,907 38% $11.43 $594 1.3

Ouray County $22.29 $1,159 $46,360 1.9 $76,300 $1,908 $22,890 $572 694 32% $12.87 $669 1.7

Park County $30.12 $1,566 $62,640 2.5 $100,000 $2,500 $30,000 $750 1,158 16% $9.53 $496 3.2

Phillips County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $68,200 $1,705 $20,460 $512 495 30% $17.45 $907 0.8

Pitkin County $30.37 $1,579 $63,160 2.5 $110,500 $2,763 $33,150 $829 2,490 35% $18.98 $987 1.6

Prowers County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $53,400 $1,335 $16,020 $401 1,796 36% $9.80 $510 1.4

Pueblo County $16.12 $838 $33,520 1.3 $61,200 $1,530 $18,360 $459 22,756 36% $12.56 $653 1.3

Rio Blanco County $15.50 $806 $32,240 1.3 $83,400 $2,085 $25,020 $626 722 30% $18.74 $975 0.8

Rio Grande County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $55,800 $1,395 $16,740 $419 1,522 34% $11.39 $592 1.2

Routt County $23.62 $1,228 $49,120 2.0 $87,200 $2,180 $26,160 $654 2,823 30% $15.74 $818 1.5

Saguache County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $48,200 $1,205 $14,460 $362 663 25% $13.57 $706 1.0

San Juan County $19.31 $1,004 $40,160 1.6 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 88 33% $11.22 $584 1.7

San Miguel County $26.10 $1,357 $54,280 2.2 $81,500 $2,038 $24,450 $611 1,360 40% $15.48 $805 1.7

Sedgwick County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $63,800 $1,595 $19,140 $479 289 28% $10.58 $550 1.3

Summit County $27.19 $1,414 $56,560 2.3 $95,900 $2,398 $28,770 $719 3,291 34% $14.96 $778 1.8

Teller County $21.46 $1,116 $44,640 1.8 $81,800 $2,045 $24,540 $614 1,941 19% $11.47 $597 1.9

Washington County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 650 32% $18.17 $945 0.8

Weld County $20.12 $1,046 $41,840 1.7 $84,300 $2,108 $25,290 $632 27,957 27% $15.51 $806 1.3

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CO-47

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

COLORADO CCoolloorraaddoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Yuma County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.1 $54,100 $1,353 $16,230 $406 1,490 37% $13.84 $720 1.0

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

CONNECTICUT #10*

In Connecticut, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,374. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $4,580 monthly or $54,956 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT CONNECTICUT: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $11.00

Average Renter Wage $17.70

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $26.42

Number of Renter Households 460,240

Percent Renters 34%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Stamford-Norwalk HMFA $39.98

Danbury HMFA $33.63

Southern Middlesex County HMFA $27.87

New Haven-Meriden HMFA $27.06

Milford-Ansonia-Seymour HMFA $26.46 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

96 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.4 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$26.42 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

78 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.9 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1374

$1109

$2545

$921 $764

$572

$276 $1000 $2000 $3000

CT-48

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CT-49

TOWNS WITHIN CONNECTICUT FMR AREAS BRIDGEPORT, CT HMFA FAIRFIELD COUNTY Bridgeport town, Easton town, Fairfield town, Monroe town, Shelton town, Stratford town, Trumbull town

COLCHESTER-LEBANON, CT HMFA NEW LONDON COUNTY Colchester town, Lebanon town

DANBURY, CT HMFA FAIRFIELD COUNTY Bethel town, Brookfield town, Danbury town, New Fairfield town, Newtown town, Redding town, Ridgefield town, Sherman town

HARTFORD-WEST HARTFORD-EAST HARTFORD, CT HMFA HARTFORD COUNTY Avon town, Berlin town, Bloomfield town, Bristol town, Burlington town, Canton town, East Granby town, East Hartford town, East Windsor town, Enfield town, Farmington town, Glastonbury town, Granby town, Hartford town, Hartland town, Manchester town, Marlborough town, New Britain town, Newington town, Plainville town, Rocky Hill town, Simsbury town, South Windsor town, Southington town, Suffield town, West Hartford town, Wethersfield town, Windsor Locks town, Windsor town

MIDDLESEX COUNTY Chester town, Cromwell town, Durham town, East Haddam town, East Hampton town, Haddam town, Middlefield town, Middletown town, Portland town

TOLLAND COUNTY Andover town, Bolton town, Columbia town, Coventry town, Ellington town, Hebron town, Mansfield town, Somers town, Stafford town, Tolland town, Union town, Vernon town, Willington town

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CT-50

MILFORD-ANSONIA-SEYMOUR, CT HMFA NEW HAVEN COUNTY Ansonia town, Beacon Falls town, Derby town, Milford town, Oxford town, Seymour town

NEW HAVEN-MERIDEN, CT HMFA NEW HAVEN COUNTY Bethany town, Branford town, Cheshire town, East Haven town, Guilford town, Hamden town, Madison town, Meriden town, New Haven town, North Branford town, North Haven town, Orange town, Wallingford town, West Haven town, Woodbridge town

NORWICH-NEW LONDON, CT HMFA NEW LONDON COUNTY Bozrah town, East Lyme town, Franklin town, Griswold town, Groton town, Ledyard town, Lisbon town, Lyme town, Montville town, New London town, North Stonington town, Norwich town, Old Lyme town, Preston town, Salem town, Sprague town, Stonington town, Voluntown town, Waterford town

SOUTHERN MIDDLESEX COUNTY, CT HMFA MIDDLESEX COUNTY Clinton town, Deep River town, Essex town, Killingworth town, Old Saybrook town, Westbrook town

STAMFORD-NORWALK, CT HMFA FAIRFIELD COUNTY Darien town, Greenwich town, New Canaan town, Norwalk town, Stamford town, Weston town, Westport town, Wilton town

WATERBURY, CT HMFA NEW HAVEN COUNTY Middlebury town, Naugatuck town, Prospect town, Southbury town, Waterbury town, Wolcott town

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION CT-51

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

CONNECTICUT CCoonnnneeccttiiccuutt RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt aaffffoorrddaabbllee

aatt AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt 3300%% ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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HHoouurrllyy wwaaggee nneecceessssaarryy ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR

FFMMRR

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Connecticut

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Bridgeport HMFA

Colchester-Lebanon HMFA

Danbury HMFA

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford HMFA

Milford-Ansonia-Seymour HMFA

New Haven-Meriden HMFA

Norwich-New London HMFA

Southern Middlesex County HMFA

Stamford-Norwalk HMFA

Waterbury HMFA

Windham County HMFA

Counties

Litchfield County

$26.42

$22.69

$1,374

$1,180

$54,956

$47,200

2.4

2.1

$101,816

$102,600

$2,545

$2,565

$30,545

$30,780

$764

$770

460,240

16,908

34%

23%

$17.70

$11.99

$921

$623

1.5

1.9

$25.88

$23.69

$33.63

$23.65

$26.46

$27.06

$22.90

$27.87

$39.98

$21.52

$19.62

$1,346

$1,232

$1,749

$1,230

$1,376

$1,407

$1,191

$1,449

$2,079

$1,119

$1,020

$53,840

$49,280

$69,960

$49,200

$55,040

$56,280

$47,640

$57,960

$83,160

$44,760

$40,800

2.4

2.2

3.1

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.1

2.5

3.6

2.0

1.8

$98,000

$115,000

$122,000

$97,400

$108,200

$91,200

$91,800

$112,000

$143,400

$80,300

$86,900

$2,450

$2,875

$3,050

$2,435

$2,705

$2,280

$2,295

$2,800

$3,585

$2,008

$2,173

$29,400

$34,500

$36,600

$29,220

$32,460

$27,360

$27,540

$33,600

$43,020

$24,090

$26,070

$735

$863

$915

$731

$812

$684

$689

$840

$1,076

$602

$652

42,489

1,689

18,878

152,962

13,093

82,593

34,254

4,054

49,955

29,876

13,489

33%

19%

26%

34%

27%

39%

35%

20%

36%

41%

30%

$22.45

$16.83

$22.45

$16.92

$15.50

$15.50

$16.83

$14.42

$22.45

$15.50

$10.71

$1,167

$875

$1,167

$880

$806

$806

$875

$750

$1,167

$806

$557

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.9

1.8

1.4

1.8

$22.69 $1,180 $47,200 2.1 $102,600 $2,565 $30,780 $770 16,908 23% $11.99 $623 1.9

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

DELAWARE #17*

In Delaware, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,142. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $3,806 monthly or $45,669 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT DELAWARE: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $9.25

Average Renter Wage $17.83

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $21.96

Number of Renter Households 103,457

Percent Renters 29%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

New Castle County $23.58

Kent County $20.08

Sussex County $18.23

MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

95 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.4 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$21.96 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

78 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1142

$940

$2159

$927

$648

$481

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

DE-52

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION DE-53

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

DELAWARE DDeellaawwaarree RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt aaffffoorrddaabbllee

aatt AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt 3300%% ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt mmeeaann

rreenntteerr wwaaggee3 5 1

HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

EEssttiimmaatteedd hhoouurrllyy mmeeaann rreenntteerr wwaaggee

((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Delaware

Metropolitan Areas

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA

Sussex County HMFA

Counties

New Castle County

Sussex County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$21.96

$20.08

$23.58

$18.23

$20.08

$23.58

$18.23

$1,142

$1,044

$1,226

$948

$1,044

$1,226

$948

$45,669

$41,760

$49,040

$37,920

$41,760

$49,040

$37,920

2.4 $86,342 $2,159 $25,903 $648 103,457 29% $17.83 $927 1.2

2.2 $68,400 $1,710 $20,520 $513 19,991 31%

2.5 $96,600 $2,415 $28,980 $725 65,193 32% $19.33 $1,005 1.2

2.0 $75,900 $1,898 $22,770 $569 18,273 20% $12.61 $656 1.4

2.2 $68,400 $1,710 $20,520 $513 19,991 31%

2.5 $96,600 $2,415 $28,980 $725 65,193 32% $19.33 $1,005 1.2

2.0 $75,900 $1,898 $22,770 $569 18,273 20% $12.61 $656 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA #4*

In District of Columbia, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,707. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $5,690 monthly or $68,280 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $15.00

Average Renter Wage $29.20

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $32.83

Number of Renter Households 163,751

Percent Renters 58%

88 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.2 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

$235

$32.83 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

77 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.9 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1707

$1500

$3150

$1518 $945

$780

DC-54

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION DC-55

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DDiissttrriicctt ooff CCoolluummbbiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

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22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt aaffffoorrddaabbllee

aatt AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

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MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

District of Columbia $32.83 $1,707 $68,280 2.2 $126,000 $3,150 $37,800 $945 163,751 58% $29.20 $1,518 1.1

Metropolitan Areas

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria HMFA $32.83 $1,707 $68,280 2.2 $126,000 $3,150 $37,800 $945 163,751 58% $29.20 $1,518 1.1

Counties

District of Columbia $32.83 $1,707 $68,280 2.2 $126,000 $3,150 $37,800 $945 163,751 58% $29.20 $1,518 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

FLORIDA #12*

In Florida, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,270. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $4,234 monthly or $50,807 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT FLORIDA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $8.56

Average Renter Wage $17.28

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $24.43

Number of Renter Households 2,667,159

Percent Renters 35%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Monroe County $33.23

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall HMFA $31.25

Fort Lauderdale HMFA $29.38

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton HMFA $28.96

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island MSA $26.56 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

114 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.9 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$24.43 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

92 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1270

$1027

$1717

$898

$515

$445

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

FL-56

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION FL-57

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

FLORIDA FFlloorriiddaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

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((22002200))

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FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Florida

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Baker County HMFA

Cape Coral-Fort Myers MSA

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin HMFA

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach HMFA

Fort Lauderdale HMFA

Gainesville MSA

Gulf County HMFA

Homosassa Springs MSA

Jacksonville HMFA

Lakelandnter Haven MSA

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall HMFA

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island MSA

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton MSA

Ocala MSA

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford MSA

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville MSA

Palm Coast HMFA

Panama City-Lynn Haven-Panama City Beach HMFA

$24.43 $1,270 $50,807 2.9 $68,669 $1,717 $20,601 $515 2,667,159 35% $17.28 $898 1.4

$17.85 $928 $37,129 2.1 $52,881 $1,322 $15,864 $397 70,942 28% $12.64 $657 1.4

$15.15 $788 $31,520 1.8 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 2,101 24% $8.77 $456 1.7

$22.73 $1,182 $47,280 2.7 $68,700 $1,718 $20,610 $515 79,907 29% $15.93 $828 1.4

$21.46 $1,116 $44,640 2.5 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 28,637 37% $14.40 $749 1.5

$21.37 $1,111 $44,440 2.5 $64,900 $1,623 $19,470 $487 63,655 30% $13.35 $694 1.6

$29.38 $1,528 $61,120 3.4 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 258,772 38% $19.44 $1,011 1.5

$18.67 $971 $38,840 2.2 $69,800 $1,745 $20,940 $524 44,924 43% $12.15 $632 1.5

$16.31 $848 $33,920 1.9 $59,300 $1,483 $17,790 $445 1,322 25% $13.78 $717 1.2

$16.42 $854 $34,160 1.9 $55,900 $1,398 $16,770 $419 11,643 19% $12.52 $651 1.3

$20.37 $1,059 $42,360 2.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 198,068 36% $17.80 $926 1.1

$17.60 $915 $36,600 2.1 $58,800 $1,470 $17,640 $441 72,785 31% $15.81 $822 1.1

$31.25 $1,625 $65,000 3.7 $59,100 $1,478 $17,730 $443 420,995 48% $19.09 $993 1.6

$26.56 $1,381 $55,240 3.1 $82,300 $2,058 $24,690 $617 38,513 27% $16.15 $840 1.6

$23.46 $1,220 $48,800 2.7 $76,700 $1,918 $23,010 $575 88,140 27% $16.83 $875 1.4

$17.29 $899 $35,960 2.0 $55,000 $1,375 $16,500 $413 32,980 24% $14.19 $738 1.2

$24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 338,116 40% $17.21 $895 1.4

$20.73 $1,078 $43,120 2.4 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 62,063 27% $16.85 $876 1.2

$21.56 $1,121 $44,840 2.5 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 9,833 24% $12.79 $665 1.7

$18.06 $939 $37,560 2.1 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 25,654 37% $14.23 $740 1.3

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION FL-58

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

FLORIDA FFlloorriiddaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent MSA

Port St. Lucie MSA

Punta Gorda MSA

Sebastian-Vero Beach MSA

Sebring MSA

Tallahassee HMFA

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA

The Villages MSA

Wakulla County HMFA

Walton County HMFA

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton HMFA

Counties

Alachua County

Baker County

Bay County

Bradford County

Brevard County

Broward County

Calhoun County

Charlotte County

Citrus County

Clay County

Collier County

$18.35 $954 $38,160 2.1 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 61,222 34% $15.29 $795 1.2

$23.21 $1,207 $48,280 2.7 $67,500 $1,688 $20,250 $506 44,218 25% $15.17 $789 1.5

$19.65 $1,022 $40,880 2.3 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 15,603 20% $12.58 $654 1.6

$19.58 $1,018 $40,720 2.3 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 12,565 22% $13.01 $677 1.5

$16.29 $847 $33,880 1.9 $49,600 $1,240 $14,880 $372 10,113 25% $11.50 $598 1.4

$19.60 $1,019 $40,760 2.3 $72,700 $1,818 $21,810 $545 59,239 44% $13.00 $676 1.5

$23.19 $1,206 $48,240 2.7 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 428,455 36% $18.16 $944 1.3

$16.69 $868 $34,720 2.0 $67,500 $1,688 $20,250 $506 5,595 10% $11.86 $617 1.4

$17.94 $933 $37,320 2.1 $70,000 $1,750 $21,000 $525 2,141 19% $11.07 $576 1.6

$16.92 $880 $35,200 2.0 $66,300 $1,658 $19,890 $497 6,881 26% $12.95 $673 1.3

$28.96 $1,506 $60,240 3.4 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 172,077 31% $18.97 $986 1.5

$18.67 $971 $38,840 2.2 $69,800 $1,745 $20,940 $524 43,854 45% $12.22 $636 1.5

$15.15 $788 $31,520 1.8 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 2,101 24% $8.77 $456 1.7

$18.06 $939 $37,560 2.1 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 25,654 37% $14.23 $740 1.3

$14.35 $746 $29,840 1.7 $59,500 $1,488 $17,850 $446 2,825 31% $12.65 $658 1.1

$20.73 $1,078 $43,120 2.4 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 62,063 27% $16.85 $876 1.2

$29.38 $1,528 $61,120 3.4 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 258,772 38% $19.44 $1,011 1.5

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $47,900 $1,198 $14,370 $359 802 18% $10.33 $537 1.3

$19.65 $1,022 $40,880 2.3 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 15,603 20% $12.58 $654 1.6

$16.42 $854 $34,160 1.9 $55,900 $1,398 $16,770 $419 11,643 19% $12.52 $651 1.3

$20.37 $1,059 $42,360 2.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 19,294 26% $13.69 $712 1.5

$26.56 $1,381 $55,240 3.1 $82,300 $2,058 $24,690 $617 38,513 27% $16.15 $840 1.6

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION FL-59

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

FLORIDA FFlloorriiddaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Columbia County $16.90 $879 $35,160 2.0 $55,200 $1,380 $16,560 $414 6,657 27% $12.95 $673 1.3

DeSoto County $14.58 $758 $30,320 1.7 $42,700 $1,068 $12,810 $320 3,613 30% $12.43 $646 1.2

Dixie County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $44,600 $1,115 $13,380 $335 1,489 23% $10.11 $526 1.4

Duval County $20.37 $1,059 $42,360 2.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 153,499 43% $19.05 $990 1.1

Escambia County $18.35 $954 $38,160 2.1 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 46,142 39% $16.12 $838 1.1

Flagler County $21.56 $1,121 $44,840 2.5 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 9,833 24% $12.79 $665 1.7

Franklin County $15.12 $786 $31,440 1.8 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 1,046 24% $11.65 $606 1.3

Gadsden County $19.60 $1,019 $40,760 2.3 $72,700 $1,818 $21,810 $545 4,946 29% $10.58 $550 1.9

Gilchrist County $18.67 $971 $38,840 2.2 $69,800 $1,745 $20,940 $524 1,070 16% $9.05 $471 2.1

Glades County $15.23 $792 $31,680 1.8 $45,900 $1,148 $13,770 $344 911 21% $16.57 $862 0.9

Gulf County $16.31 $848 $33,920 1.9 $59,300 $1,483 $17,790 $445 1,322 25% $13.78 $717 1.2

Hamilton County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $44,600 $1,115 $13,380 $335 1,345 30% $15.56 $809 0.9

Hardee County $14.06 $731 $29,240 1.6 $49,000 $1,225 $14,700 $368 2,629 34% $12.63 $657 1.1

Hendry County $14.46 $752 $30,080 1.7 $47,400 $1,185 $14,220 $356 4,064 34% $13.23 $688 1.1

Hernando County $23.19 $1,206 $48,240 2.7 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 16,340 22% $13.27 $690 1.7

Highlands County $16.29 $847 $33,880 1.9 $49,600 $1,240 $14,880 $372 10,113 25% $11.50 $598 1.4

Hillsborough County $23.19 $1,206 $48,240 2.7 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 216,639 42% $19.33 $1,005 1.2

Holmes County $14.06 $731 $29,240 1.6 $51,600 $1,290 $15,480 $387 1,649 24% $7.53 $392 1.9

Indian River County $19.58 $1,018 $40,720 2.3 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 12,565 22% $13.01 $677 1.5

Jackson County $14.23 $740 $29,600 1.7 $51,000 $1,275 $15,300 $383 4,847 29% $9.15 $476 1.6

Jefferson County $19.60 $1,019 $40,760 2.3 $72,700 $1,818 $21,810 $545 1,285 22% $8.67 $451 2.3

Lafayette County $15.50 $806 $32,240 1.8 $60,100 $1,503 $18,030 $451 442 21% $7.40 $385 2.1

Lake County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 33,429 26% $13.65 $710 1.8

Lee County $22.73 $1,182 $47,280 2.7 $68,700 $1,718 $20,610 $515 79,907 29% $15.93 $828 1.4

Leon County $19.60 $1,019 $40,760 2.3 $72,700 $1,818 $21,810 $545 53,008 47% $13.31 $692 1.5

Levy County $14.04 $730 $29,200 1.6 $47,500 $1,188 $14,250 $356 3,748 23% $10.13 $527 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION FL-60

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

FLORIDA FFlloorriiddaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

AAMMII 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt mmeeaann

rreenntteerr wwaaggee3 5 1

HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

EEssttiimmaatteedd hhoouurrllyy mmeeaann rreenntteerr wwaaggee

((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Liberty County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $44,500 $1,113 $13,350 $334 588 25% $15.90 $827 0.9

Madison County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $44,000 $1,100 $13,200 $330 1,544 23% $9.03 $470 1.5

Manatee County $23.46 $1,220 $48,800 2.7 $76,700 $1,918 $23,010 $575 40,809 28% $14.58 $758 1.6

Marion County $17.29 $899 $35,960 2.0 $55,000 $1,375 $16,500 $413 32,980 24% $14.19 $738 1.2

Martin County $23.21 $1,207 $48,280 2.7 $67,500 $1,688 $20,250 $506 13,962 22% $15.25 $793 1.5

Miami-Dade County $31.25 $1,625 $65,000 3.7 $59,100 $1,478 $17,730 $443 420,995 48% $19.09 $993 1.6

Monroe County $33.23 $1,728 $69,120 3.9 $81,400 $2,035 $24,420 $611 12,517 40% $15.24 $792 2.2

Nassau County $20.37 $1,059 $42,360 2.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 6,724 22% $10.18 $529 2.0

Okaloosa County $21.46 $1,116 $44,640 2.5 $81,600 $2,040 $24,480 $612 28,637 37% $14.40 $749 1.5

Okeechobee County $16.04 $834 $33,360 1.9 $48,500 $1,213 $14,550 $364 3,885 28% $11.86 $617 1.4

Orange County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 207,894 45% $17.90 $931 1.3

Osceola County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 38,558 39% $14.09 $733 1.7

Palm Beach County $28.96 $1,506 $60,240 3.4 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 172,077 31% $18.97 $986 1.5

Pasco County $23.19 $1,206 $48,240 2.7 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 55,771 28% $14.27 $742 1.6

Pinellas County $23.19 $1,206 $48,240 2.7 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 139,705 34% $17.84 $928 1.3

Polk County $17.60 $915 $36,600 2.1 $58,800 $1,470 $17,640 $441 72,785 31% $15.81 $822 1.1

Putnam County $13.96 $726 $29,040 1.6 $41,600 $1,040 $12,480 $312 7,623 27% $10.76 $559 1.3

St. Johns County $20.37 $1,059 $42,360 2.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 18,551 22% $14.15 $736 1.4

St. Lucie County $23.21 $1,207 $48,280 2.7 $67,500 $1,688 $20,250 $506 30,256 27% $15.09 $785 1.5

Santa Rosa County $18.35 $954 $38,160 2.1 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 15,080 25% $12.31 $640 1.5

Sarasota County $23.46 $1,220 $48,800 2.7 $76,700 $1,918 $23,010 $575 47,331 26% $18.44 $959 1.3

Seminole County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 58,235 35% $17.32 $901 1.4

Sumter County $16.69 $868 $34,720 2.0 $67,500 $1,688 $20,250 $506 5,595 10% $11.86 $617 1.4

Suwannee County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $51,700 $1,293 $15,510 $388 4,242 28% $11.16 $580 1.2

Taylor County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $49,100 $1,228 $14,730 $368 1,361 19% $15.74 $818 0.9

Union County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $49,700 $1,243 $14,910 $373 1,202 31% $13.83 $719 1.0

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION FL-61

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

FLORIDA FFlloorriiddaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Volusia County $21.37 $1,111 $44,440 2.5 $64,900 $1,623 $19,470 $487 63,655 30% $13.35 $694 1.6

Wakulla County $17.94 $933 $37,320 2.1 $70,000 $1,750 $21,000 $525 2,141 19% $11.07 $576 1.6

Walton County $16.92 $880 $35,200 2.0 $66,300 $1,658 $19,890 $497 6,881 26% $12.95 $673 1.3

Washington County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.6 $50,700 $1,268 $15,210 $380 1,913 23% $12.51 $650 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

GEORGIA #27*

In Georgia, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $994. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $3,313 monthly or $39,758 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT GEORGIA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $17.51

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $19.11

Number of Renter Households 1,369,507

Percent Renters 37%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell HMFA $22.44

Savannah MSA $19.42

Morgan County $17.65

Butts County $17.58

Hall County $17.27 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

105 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.6 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage $377

Rent affordable to SSI recipient $235

$0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000

GA-62

$19.11 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

91 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$994

$858

$1806

$911

$542

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-63

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Georgia

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Albany MSA

Athens-Clarke County MSA

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell HMFA

Augusta-Richmond County HMFA

Brunswick MSA

Butts County HMFA

Chattanooga MSA

Columbus MSA

Dalton HMFA

Gainesville MSA

Haralson County HMFA

Hinesville HMFA

Lamar County HMFA

Lincoln County HMFA

Long County HMFA

Macon HMFA

Meriwether County HMFA

Monroe County HMFA

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$19.11 $994 $39,758 2.6 $72,224 $1,806 $21,667 $542 1,369,507 37% $17.51 $911 1.1

$13.28 $691 $27,622 1.8 $52,282 $1,307 $15,684 $392 217,779 34% $11.61 $604 1.1

$14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 26,395 46% $13.62 $708 1.0

$16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 34,843 45% $13.46 $700 1.2

$22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 749,589 37% $20.01 $1,041 1.1

$16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 49,120 36% $14.30 $743 1.1

$15.12 $786 $31,440 2.1 $71,200 $1,780 $21,360 $534 15,407 33% $12.55 $653 1.2

$17.58 $914 $36,560 2.4 $51,600 $1,290 $15,480 $387 2,316 28% $12.43 $646 1.4

$16.00 $832 $33,280 2.2 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 14,932 26% $11.53 $600 1.4

$15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 42,370 47% $15.53 $808 1.0

$13.92 $724 $28,960 1.9 $53,100 $1,328 $15,930 $398 13,302 37% $15.74 $819 0.9

$17.27 $898 $35,920 2.4 $75,500 $1,888 $22,650 $566 20,060 31% $16.19 $842 1.1

$16.04 $834 $33,360 2.2 $57,300 $1,433 $17,190 $430 3,523 32% $14.51 $754 1.1

$17.10 $889 $35,560 2.4 $50,200 $1,255 $15,060 $377 12,900 56% $16.07 $835 1.1

$14.73 $766 $30,640 2.0 $57,300 $1,433 $17,190 $430 1,944 31% $9.68 $504 1.5

$12.92 $672 $26,880 1.8 $52,000 $1,300 $15,600 $390 947 28% $9.59 $499 1.3

$13.12 $682 $27,280 1.8 $59,100 $1,478 $17,730 $443 1,703 30% $9.17 $477 1.4

$14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $59,000 $1,475 $17,700 $443 31,254 41% $13.04 $678 1.1

$15.90 $827 $33,080 2.2 $51,700 $1,293 $15,510 $388 2,681 33% $11.79 $613 1.3

$13.83 $719 $28,760 1.9 $70,600 $1,765 $21,180 $530 2,040 21% $12.85 $668 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-64

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Morgan County HMFA $17.65 $918 $36,720 2.4 $68,000 $1,700 $20,400 $510 1,682 25% $10.91 $567 1.6

Murray County HMFA $13.35 $694 $27,760 1.8 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 4,338 31% $11.53 $600 1.2

Peach County HMFA $13.96 $726 $29,040 1.9 $59,500 $1,488 $17,850 $446 3,716 37% $10.73 $558 1.3

Pulaski County HMFA $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $52,500 $1,313 $15,750 $394 1,416 37% $11.08 $576 1.1

Rome MSA $14.52 $755 $30,200 2.0 $58,700 $1,468 $17,610 $440 14,164 40% $13.96 $726 1.0

Savannah MSA $19.42 $1,010 $40,400 2.7 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 58,370 41% $15.79 $821 1.2

Valdosta MSA $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 22,726 44% $11.30 $588 1.2

Warner Robins HMFA $17.21 $895 $35,800 2.4 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 19,990 36% $11.59 $603 1.5

Counties

Appling County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,600 $1,240 $14,880 $372 1,801 27% $19.47 $1,013 0.6

Atkinson County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $37,500 $938 $11,250 $281 692 25% $11.86 $617 1.1

Bacon County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,200 $1,230 $14,760 $369 1,255 32% $11.22 $584 1.1

$14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 446 32%

Baldwin County $13.81 $718 $28,720 1.9 $54,900 $1,373 $16,470 $412 7,116 44% $7.58 $394 1.8

Banks County $12.85 $668 $26,720 1.8 $51,800 $1,295 $15,540 $389 1,597 24% $11.39 $592 1.1

Barrow County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 6,912 27% $13.13 $683 1.7

Bartow County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 12,695 34% $15.57 $810 1.4

Ben Hill County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $39,500 $988 $11,850 $296 2,664 41% $11.75 $611 1.1

Berrien County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $47,900 $1,198 $14,370 $359 2,426 33% $12.25 $637 1.0

Bibb County $14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $59,000 $1,475 $17,700 $443 27,498 47% $13.31 $692 1.1

Bleckley County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $53,400 $1,335 $16,020 $401 1,184 28% $7.38 $384 1.7

Brantley County $15.12 $786 $31,440 2.1 $71,200 $1,780 $21,360 $534 1,293 20% $11.26 $586 1.3

Brooks County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 1,602 25% $13.35 $694 1.0

Bryan County $19.42 $1,010 $40,400 2.7 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 3,810 30% $9.04 $470 2.1

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-65

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

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22 BBRR FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Bulloch County $13.63 $709 $28,360 1.9 $54,900 $1,373 $16,470 $412 12,542 47% $9.95 $517 1.4

Burke County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 2,410 29% $22.14 $1,151 0.7

Butts County $17.58 $914 $36,560 2.4 $51,600 $1,290 $15,480 $387 2,316 28% $12.43 $646 1.4

Calhoun County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $39,600 $990 $11,880 $297 627 34% $10.08 $524 1.2

Camden County $16.40 $853 $34,120 2.3 $63,000 $1,575 $18,900 $473 7,330 38% $13.23 $688 1.2

Candler County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $39,300 $983 $11,790 $295 1,587 40% $8.43 $438 1.5

Carroll County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 14,300 35% $14.22 $740 1.6

Catoosa County $16.00 $832 $33,280 2.2 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 6,156 25% $10.70 $556 1.5

Charlton County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $57,700 $1,443 $17,310 $433 955 27% $8.43 $438 1.5

Chatham County $19.42 $1,010 $40,400 2.7 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 49,606 46% $16.18 $842 1.2

Chattahoochee County $15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 1,887 74% $25.39 $1,320 0.6

Chattooga County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $46,800 $1,170 $14,040 $351 3,018 33% $13.53 $704 0.9

Cherokee County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 20,124 23% $12.36 $643 1.8

Clarke County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 28,804 61% $14.26 $742 1.1

Clay County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $37,400 $935 $11,220 $281 433 36% $7.71 $401 1.6

Clayton County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 45,896 49% $23.08 $1,200 1.0

Clinch County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $46,300 $1,158 $13,890 $347 698 28% $12.98 $675 1.0

Cobb County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 99,060 36% $19.57 $1,018 1.1

Coffee County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $48,900 $1,223 $14,670 $367 4,876 34% $12.57 $654 1.0

Colquitt County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $42,500 $1,063 $12,750 $319 5,958 39% $11.26 $586 1.1

Columbia County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 9,814 21% $12.18 $634 1.3

Cook County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $44,400 $1,110 $13,320 $333 2,043 33% $10.35 $538 1.2

Coweta County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 14,293 28% $11.84 $616 1.9

Crawford County $14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $59,000 $1,475 $17,700 $443 1,040 22% $11.93 $620 1.2

Crisp County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $41,700 $1,043 $12,510 $313 3,539 42% $9.68 $504 1.3

Dade County $16.00 $832 $33,280 2.2 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 1,560 26% $14.49 $753 1.1

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-66

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Dawson County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 1,594 18% $8.37 $435 2.7

Decatur County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $50,400 $1,260 $15,120 $378 4,392 43% $9.99 $520 1.3

DeKalb County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 126,917 46% $19.93 $1,036 1.1

Dodge County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,900 $1,248 $14,970 $374 2,603 34% $10.10 $525 1.2

Dooly County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $48,800 $1,220 $14,640 $366 1,468 30% $10.24 $533 1.2

Dougherty County $14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 18,983 55% $14.14 $735 1.0

Douglas County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 17,441 36% $13.54 $704 1.7

Early County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $42,700 $1,068 $12,810 $320 1,394 34% $15.80 $822 0.8

Echols County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 470 30% $12.43 $647 1.1

Effingham County $19.42 $1,010 $40,400 2.7 $72,000 $1,800 $21,600 $540 4,954 24% $14.67 $763 1.3

Elbert County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $47,500 $1,188 $14,250 $356 2,025 27% $9.76 $507 1.3

Emanuel County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $43,700 $1,093 $13,110 $328 2,885 34% $10.47 $545 1.2

Evans County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $52,200 $1,305 $15,660 $392 1,336 33% $11.07 $576 1.1

Fannin County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $59,800 $1,495 $17,940 $449 2,286 22% $10.69 $556 1.3

Fayette County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 7,381 19% $13.05 $679 1.7

Floyd County $14.52 $755 $30,200 2.0 $58,700 $1,468 $17,610 $440 14,164 40% $13.96 $726 1.0

Forsyth County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 12,046 16% $13.62 $708 1.6

Franklin County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $52,400 $1,310 $15,720 $393 2,843 34% $10.58 $550 1.2

Fulton County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 193,973 48% $24.91 $1,296 0.9

Gilmer County $14.33 $745 $29,800 2.0 $58,400 $1,460 $17,520 $438 2,930 25% $8.79 $457 1.6

Glascock County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $64,000 $1,600 $19,200 $480 265 24% $9.49 $494 1.3

Glynn County $15.12 $786 $31,440 2.1 $71,200 $1,780 $21,360 $534 12,772 38% $12.75 $663 1.2

Gordon County $12.56 $653 $26,120 1.7 $50,200 $1,255 $15,060 $377 7,307 36% $13.92 $724 0.9

Grady County $12.90 $671 $26,840 1.8 $48,400 $1,210 $14,520 $363 3,112 34% $11.05 $575 1.2

Greene County $13.06 $679 $27,160 1.8 $63,500 $1,588 $19,050 $476 2,009 29% $11.64 $605 1.1

Gwinnett County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 97,546 34% $18.06 $939 1.2

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-67

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Habersham County $13.52 $703 $28,120 1.9 $58,000 $1,450 $17,400 $435 3,528 23% $12.10 $629 1.1

Hall County $17.27 $898 $35,920 2.4 $75,500 $1,888 $22,650 $566 20,060 31% $16.19 $842 1.1

Hancock County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $35,200 $880 $10,560 $264 803 27% $11.62 $604 1.1

Haralson County $16.04 $834 $33,360 2.2 $57,300 $1,433 $17,190 $430 3,523 32% $14.51 $754 1.1

Harris County $15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 1,701 14% $7.99 $416 1.9

Hart County $12.83 $667 $26,680 1.8 $55,300 $1,383 $16,590 $415 2,386 24% $11.15 $580 1.2

Heard County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 1,357 30% $14.61 $760 1.5

Henry County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 20,994 28% $12.61 $656 1.8

Houston County $17.21 $895 $35,800 2.4 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 19,990 36% $11.59 $603 1.5

Irwin County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $51,800 $1,295 $15,540 $389 849 26% $11.01 $573 1.1

Jackson County $14.79 $769 $30,760 2.0 $81,000 $2,025 $24,300 $608 4,949 22% $10.90 $567 1.4

Jasper County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 1,289 25% $11.30 $587 2.0

Jeff Davis County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $47,300 $1,183 $14,190 $355 1,678 32% $12.59 $655 1.0

Jefferson County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $43,900 $1,098 $13,170 $329 1,910 34% $10.11 $526 1.2

Jenkins County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $41,500 $1,038 $12,450 $311 1,015 30% $11.25 $585 1.1

Johnson County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $51,100 $1,278 $15,330 $383 1,068 32% $7.54 $392 1.7

Jones County $14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $59,000 $1,475 $17,700 $443 2,090 20% $8.41 $437 1.8

Lamar County $14.73 $766 $30,640 2.0 $57,300 $1,433 $17,190 $430 1,944 31% $9.68 $504 1.5

Lanier County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 1,342 36% $8.06 $419 1.7

Laurens County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $45,700 $1,143 $13,710 $343 6,411 37% $10.55 $549 1.2

Lee County $14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 2,861 28% $11.84 $616 1.2

Liberty County $17.10 $889 $35,560 2.4 $50,200 $1,255 $15,060 $377 12,900 56% $16.07 $835 1.1

Lincoln County $12.92 $672 $26,880 1.8 $52,000 $1,300 $15,600 $390 947 28% $9.59 $499 1.3

Long County $13.12 $682 $27,280 1.8 $59,100 $1,478 $17,730 $443 1,703 30% $9.17 $477 1.4

Lowndes County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 19,312 48% $11.22 $583 1.2

Lumpkin County $16.21 $843 $33,720 2.2 $59,800 $1,495 $17,940 $449 3,737 32% $8.83 $459 1.8

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-68

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

McDuffie County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 3,173 39% $9.66 $502 1.7

McIntosh County $15.12 $786 $31,440 2.1 $71,200 $1,780 $21,360 $534 1,342 22% $8.77 $456 1.7

Macon County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $41,700 $1,043 $12,510 $313 1,636 35% $13.08 $680 1.0

Madison County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 2,583 24% $9.14 $475 1.8

Marion County $15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 874 26% $11.36 $591 1.3

Meriwether County $15.90 $827 $33,080 2.2 $51,700 $1,293 $15,510 $388 2,681 33% $11.79 $613 1.3

Miller County $13.27 $690 $27,600 1.8 $49,800 $1,245 $14,940 $374 757 33% $8.13 $423 1.6

Mitchell County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $43,300 $1,083 $12,990 $325 2,913 37% $12.06 $627 1.0

Monroe County $13.83 $719 $28,760 1.9 $70,600 $1,765 $21,180 $530 2,040 21% $12.85 $668 1.1

Montgomery County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $51,100 $1,278 $15,330 $383 842 28% $9.37 $487 1.3

Morgan County $17.65 $918 $36,720 2.4 $68,000 $1,700 $20,400 $510 1,682 25% $10.91 $567 1.6

Murray County $13.35 $694 $27,760 1.8 $51,400 $1,285 $15,420 $386 4,338 31% $11.53 $600 1.2

Muscogee County $15.19 $790 $31,600 2.1 $62,300 $1,558 $18,690 $467 37,908 52% $15.70 $816 1.0

Newton County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 11,831 32% $13.32 $692 1.7

Oconee County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 2,266 17% $10.93 $569 1.5

Oglethorpe County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,600 $1,640 $19,680 $492 1,190 21% $9.78 $508 1.7

Paulding County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 12,376 24% $11.87 $617 1.9

Peach County $13.96 $726 $29,040 1.9 $59,500 $1,488 $17,850 $446 3,716 37% $10.73 $558 1.3

Pickens County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 2,854 24% $13.33 $693 1.7

Pierce County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $53,500 $1,338 $16,050 $401 1,684 24% $9.49 $493 1.3

Pike County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 1,049 17% $11.64 $605 1.9

Polk County $14.04 $730 $29,200 1.9 $53,000 $1,325 $15,900 $398 5,251 35% $11.43 $594 1.2

Pulaski County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $52,500 $1,313 $15,750 $394 1,416 37% $11.08 $576 1.1

Putnam County $14.75 $767 $30,680 2.0 $60,900 $1,523 $18,270 $457 1,913 22% $9.30 $483 1.6

Quitman County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $39,700 $993 $11,910 $298 292 31% $9.10 $473 1.4

Rabun County $13.35 $694 $27,760 1.8 $54,400 $1,360 $16,320 $408 1,653 25% $9.14 $475 1.5

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-69

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Randolph County $13.08 $680 $27,200 1.8 $37,900 $948 $11,370 $284 1,114 43% $12.12 $630 1.1

Richmond County $16.31 $848 $33,920 2.2 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 33,723 47% $14.29 $743 1.1

Rockdale County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 9,736 32% $16.42 $854 1.4

Schley County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $48,200 $1,205 $14,460 $362 568 30% $11.17 $581 1.1

Screven County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $48,100 $1,203 $14,430 $361 1,479 28% $9.64 $501 1.3

Seminole County $13.33 $693 $27,720 1.8 $45,400 $1,135 $13,620 $341 1,049 32% $14.11 $734 0.9

Spalding County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 9,614 40% $12.16 $632 1.8

Stephens County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $57,900 $1,448 $17,370 $434 2,861 30% $11.49 $597 1.1

Stewart County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $30,100 $753 $9,030 $226 535 29% $12.74 $662 1.0

Sumter County $13.65 $710 $28,400 1.9 $44,200 $1,105 $13,260 $332 5,197 44% $12.27 $638 1.1

Talbot County $12.65 $658 $26,320 1.7 $49,000 $1,225 $14,700 $368 591 21% $11.84 $615 1.1

$12.94 $673 $26,920 1.8 $44,000 $1,100 $13,200 $330 189 31%

Tattnall County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $50,100 $1,253 $15,030 $376 2,809 34% $14.14 $735 0.9

Taylor County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $37,900 $948 $11,370 $284 987 29% $10.40 $541 1.2

Telfair County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $38,400 $960 $11,520 $288 1,892 38% $12.45 $648 1.0

Terrell County $14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 1,406 43% $10.66 $554 1.3

Thomas County $14.98 $779 $31,160 2.1 $53,900 $1,348 $16,170 $404 6,389 37% $14.29 $743 1.0

Tift County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $50,000 $1,250 $15,000 $375 6,175 41% $11.48 $597 1.1

Toombs County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $50,300 $1,258 $15,090 $377 4,288 41% $10.99 $572 1.1

Towns County $13.62 $708 $28,320 1.9 $54,900 $1,373 $16,470 $412 917 19% $10.39 $540 1.3

Treutlen County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 768 29% $11.99 $623 1.0

Troup County $15.12 $786 $31,440 2.1 $60,600 $1,515 $18,180 $455 10,611 43% $14.21 $739 1.1

Turner County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,600 $1,240 $14,880 $372 982 32% $6.33 $329 2.0

Twiggs County $14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $59,000 $1,475 $17,700 $443 626 21% $10.84 $564 1.4

Union County $12.87 $669 $26,760 1.8 $59,200 $1,480 $17,760 $444 2,001 22% $10.31 $536 1.2

Upson County $13.23 $688 $27,520 1.8 $50,600 $1,265 $15,180 $380 3,489 34% $11.70 $608 1.1

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION GA-70

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

GEORGIA GGeeoorrggiiaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Walker County $16.00 $832 $33,280 2.2 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 7,216 28% $11.61 $604 1.4

Walton County $22.44 $1,167 $46,680 3.1 $82,700 $2,068 $24,810 $620 8,311 27% $11.45 $595 2.0

Ware County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $47,700 $1,193 $14,310 $358 4,864 35% $10.94 $569 1.1

Warren County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $48,800 $1,220 $14,640 $366 754 32% $11.14 $580 1.1

Washington County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,200 $1,230 $14,760 $369 2,452 33% $11.60 $603 1.1

Wayne County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $54,300 $1,358 $16,290 $407 3,739 36% $11.96 $622 1.0

Webster County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $53,800 $1,345 $16,140 $404 230 21% $13.18 $685 0.9

Wheeler County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $40,700 $1,018 $12,210 $305 747 39% $9.68 $503 1.3

White County $13.81 $718 $28,720 1.9 $55,300 $1,383 $16,590 $415 2,875 25% $11.42 $594 1.2

Whitfield County $13.92 $724 $28,960 1.9 $53,100 $1,328 $15,930 $398 13,302 37% $15.74 $819 0.9

Wilcox County $12.52 $651 $26,040 1.7 $49,500 $1,238 $14,850 $371 626 24% $7.95 $413 1.6

Wilkes County $13.04 $678 $27,120 1.8 $52,200 $1,305 $15,660 $392 1,331 34% $11.94 $621 1.1

Wilkinson County $12.54 $652 $26,080 1.7 $53,500 $1,338 $16,050 $401 799 25% $11.17 $581 1.1

Worth County $14.23 $740 $29,600 2.0 $52,300 $1,308 $15,690 $392 2,699 34% $10.43 $542 1.4

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

HAWAII #1*

In Hawaii, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $2,015. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $6,718 monthly or $80,613 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT HAWAII: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $10.10

Average Renter Wage $17.17

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $38.76

Number of Renter Households 190,420

Percent Renters 42%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Honolulu MSA $41.54

Kauai County $36.17

Kalawao County $33.83

Maui County $33.83

Hawaii County $27.48 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

153 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

3.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job $525paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient $235

$0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

HI-71

$38.76 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

117 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.9 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$2015

$1541

$2429

$893

$729

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION HI-72

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

HAWAII HHaawwaaiiii RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

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((22002200))

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FFMMRR

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Hawaii

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Honolulu MSA

Maui County HMFA

Counties

Hawaii County

Honolulu County

Kauai County

Maui County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$38.76 $2,015 $80,613 3.8 $97,168 $2,429 $29,151 $729 190,420 42% $17.17 $893 2.3

$29.81 $1,550 $62,015 3.0 $81,789 $2,045 $24,537 $613 30,958 34% $14.63 $761 2.0

$41.54 $2,160 $86,400 4.1 $101,600 $2,540 $30,480 $762 137,828 44% $18.05 $939 2.3

$33.83 $1,759 $70,360 3.3 $97,500 $2,438 $29,250 $731 45 96%

$33.83 $1,759 $70,360 3.3 $97,500 $2,438 $29,250 $731 21,589 40% $15.49 $806 2.2

$27.48 $1,429 $57,160 2.7 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 22,645 33% $14.67 $763 1.9

$41.54 $2,160 $86,400 4.1 $101,600 $2,540 $30,480 $762 137,828 44% $18.05 $939 2.3

$33.83 $1,759 $70,360 3.3 $97,500 $2,438 $29,250 $731 45 96%

$36.17 $1,881 $75,240 3.6 $101,800 $2,545 $30,540 $764 8,313 37% $14.56 $757 2.5

$33.83 $1,759 $70,360 3.3 $97,500 $2,438 $29,250 $731 21,589 40% $15.49 $806 2.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

IDAHO #36*

In Idaho, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $863. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,876 monthly or $34,511 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT IDAHO: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $13.26

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $16.59

Number of Renter Households 190,031

Percent Renters 31%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Blaine County $20.04

Boise City HMFA $18.10

Coeur d’Alene MSA $17.83

Teton County $17.75

Lewiston MSA $16.69 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

92 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$16.59 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

72 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$863

$680

$1709

$689

$513

$377

$251

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

ID-73

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION ID-74

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IDAHO IIddaahhoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

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AAMMII 3300%%

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Idaho

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Boise City HMFA

Butte County HMFA

Coeur d'Alene MSA

Gem County HMFA

Idaho Falls HMFA

Lewiston MSA

Logan MSA

Pocatello MSA

Counties

Ada County

Adams County

Bannock County

Bear Lake County

Benewah County

Bingham County

Blaine County

Boise County

Bonner County

Bonneville County

Boundary County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$16.59 $863 $34,511 2.3 $68,372 $1,709 $20,511 $513 190,031 31% $13.26 $689 1.3

$15.01 $780 $31,212 2.1 $59,917 $1,498 $17,975 $449 63,683 31% $11.53 $599 1.3

$18.10 $941 $37,640 2.5 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 77,681 31% $14.47 $753 1.3

$15.33 $797 $31,880 2.1 $55,200 $1,380 $16,560 $414 166 16% $34.06 $1,771 0.4

$17.83 $927 $37,080 2.5 $70,400 $1,760 $21,120 $528 17,862 30% $13.54 $704 1.3

$16.42 $854 $34,160 2.3 $53,200 $1,330 $15,960 $399 1,747 27% $7.67 $399 2.1

$15.23 $792 $31,680 2.1 $70,500 $1,763 $21,150 $529 13,467 28% $11.69 $608 1.3

$16.69 $868 $34,720 2.3 $73,900 $1,848 $22,170 $554 4,804 29% $11.66 $606 1.4

$13.77 $716 $28,640 1.9 $71,000 $1,775 $21,300 $533 824 19% $9.86 $513 1.4

$14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $66,000 $1,650 $19,800 $495 9,797 32% $10.03 $521 1.5

$18.10 $941 $37,640 2.5 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 53,372 32% $15.19 $790 1.2

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $59,300 $1,483 $17,790 $445 325 19% $12.99 $675 1.1

$14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $66,000 $1,650 $19,800 $495 9,797 32% $10.03 $521 1.5

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 547 23% $6.08 $316 2.3

$15.10 $785 $31,400 2.1 $54,900 $1,373 $16,470 $412 899 27% $12.65 $658 1.2

$14.31 $744 $29,760 2.0 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 3,598 24% $11.06 $575 1.3

$20.04 $1,042 $41,680 2.8 $78,400 $1,960 $23,520 $588 2,481 30% $13.56 $705 1.5

$18.10 $941 $37,640 2.5 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 502 16% $8.34 $433 2.2

$15.56 $809 $32,360 2.1 $61,500 $1,538 $18,450 $461 4,507 26% $11.63 $605 1.3

$15.23 $792 $31,680 2.1 $70,500 $1,763 $21,150 $529 11,709 30% $11.46 $596 1.3

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 1,149 25% $12.47 $649 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION ID-75

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IDAHO IIddaahhoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII

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ooff AAMMII

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Butte County $15.33 $797 $31,880 2.1 $55,200 $1,380 $16,560 $414 166 16% $34.06 $1,771 0.4

Camas County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $57,200 $1,430 $17,160 $429 89 25% $20.04 $1,042 0.7

Canyon County $18.10 $941 $37,640 2.5 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 22,557 32% $12.12 $630 1.5

Caribou County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $70,400 $1,760 $21,120 $528 531 20% $15.58 $810 0.9

Cassia County $13.83 $719 $28,760 1.9 $55,800 $1,395 $16,740 $419 2,396 30% $12.68 $659 1.1

$14.81 $770 $30,800 2.0 $60,900 $1,523 $18,270 $457 115 38%

Clearwater County $15.06 $783 $31,320 2.1 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 881 24% $13.01 $677 1.2

Custer County $14.00 $728 $29,120 1.9 $53,900 $1,348 $16,170 $404 444 25% $9.53 $496 1.5

Elmore County $15.27 $794 $31,760 2.1 $57,000 $1,425 $17,100 $428 4,313 42% $11.69 $608 1.3

Franklin County $13.77 $716 $28,640 1.9 $71,000 $1,775 $21,300 $533 824 19% $9.86 $513 1.4

Fremont County $14.38 $748 $29,920 2.0 $63,000 $1,575 $18,900 $473 806 19% $11.65 $606 1.2

Gem County $16.42 $854 $34,160 2.3 $53,200 $1,330 $15,960 $399 1,747 27% $7.67 $399 2.1

Gooding County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $55,900 $1,398 $16,770 $419 1,720 32% $12.32 $641 1.1

Idaho County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $53,000 $1,325 $15,900 $398 1,426 22% $14.87 $773 0.9

Jefferson County $15.23 $792 $31,680 2.1 $70,500 $1,763 $21,150 $529 1,758 20% $13.59 $706 1.1

Jerome County $15.13 $787 $31,480 2.1 $55,300 $1,383 $16,590 $415 2,825 36% $12.42 $646 1.2

Kootenai County $17.83 $927 $37,080 2.5 $70,400 $1,760 $21,120 $528 17,862 30% $13.54 $704 1.3

Latah County $14.62 $760 $30,400 2.0 $70,600 $1,765 $21,180 $530 7,298 47% $9.36 $487 1.6

Lemhi County $15.02 $781 $31,240 2.1 $53,000 $1,325 $15,900 $398 872 25% $12.12 $630 1.2

Lewis County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $54,000 $1,350 $16,200 $405 465 28% $10.36 $539 1.3

Lincoln County $15.67 $815 $32,600 2.2 $58,500 $1,463 $17,550 $439 521 31% $12.89 $670 1.2

Madison County $14.79 $769 $30,760 2.0 $38,800 $970 $11,640 $291 5,700 54% $8.26 $429 1.8

Minidoka County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $55,100 $1,378 $16,530 $413 2,061 28% $13.56 $705 1.0

Nez Perce County $16.69 $868 $34,720 2.3 $73,900 $1,848 $22,170 $554 4,804 29% $11.66 $606 1.4

Oneida County $15.08 $784 $31,360 2.1 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 306 19% $8.21 $427 1.8

Owyhee County $18.10 $941 $37,640 2.5 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 1,250 29% $11.63 $605 1.6

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION ID-76

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IDAHO IIddaahhoo RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Payette County

Power County

Shoshone County

Teton County

Twin Falls County

Valley County

Washington County

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$14.73 $766 $30,640

$16.12 $838 $33,520

$14.13 $735 $29,400

$17.75 $923 $36,920

$15.40 $801 $32,040

$15.35 $798 $31,920

$13.73 $714 $28,560

2.0 $59,300 $1,483 $17,790 $445 2,400 27% $13.35 $694 1.1

2.2 $58,500 $1,463 $17,550 $439 802 31% $14.38 $748 1.1

1.9 $53,600 $1,340 $16,080 $402 1,657 30% $13.65 $710 1.0

2.4 $72,800 $1,820 $21,840 $546 973 26% $9.43 $491 1.9

2.1 $60,700 $1,518 $18,210 $455 9,646 31% $10.75 $559 1.4

2.1 $67,400 $1,685 $20,220 $506 736 21% $9.26 $482 1.7

1.9 $50,900 $1,273 $15,270 $382 1,194 30% $11.15 $580 1.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

ILLINOIS #18*

In Illinois, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,108. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $3,693 monthly or $44,310 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT ILLINOIS: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $10.00

Average Renter Wage $18.00

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $21.30

Number of Renter Households 1,641,003

Percent Renters 34%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Chicago-Joliet-Naperville HMFA $24.00

Kendall County $23.85

Grundy County $22.27

DeKalb County $19.15

Kankakee County $17.54 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

85 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.1 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$21.30 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

72 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$1108

$934

$2131

$936

$639

$520

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500

IL-77

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-78

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Illinois

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Bloomington HMFA

Bond County HMFA

Cape Girardeau MSA

Champaign-Urbana MSA

Chicago-Joliet-Naperville HMFA

Danville MSA

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA

De Witt County HMFA

Decatur MSA

DeKalb County HMFA

Grundy County HMFA

Jackson County HMFA

Kankakee MSA

Kendall County HMFA

Macoupin County HMFA

Peoria MSA

Rockford MSA

Springfield MSA

$21.30 $1,108 $44,310 2.1 $85,252 $2,131 $25,576 $639 1,641,003 34% $18.00 $936 1.2

$13.86 $721 $28,827 1.4 $65,911 $1,648 $19,773 $494 155,223 26% $11.09 $576 1.3

$15.90 $827 $33,080 1.6 $98,400 $2,460 $29,520 $738 23,719 36% $13.95 $726 1.1

$13.96 $726 $29,040 1.4 $71,900 $1,798 $21,570 $539 1,400 23% $9.38 $488 1.5

$14.87 $773 $30,920 1.5 $67,000 $1,675 $20,100 $503 667 29% $11.90 $619 1.2

$16.58 $862 $34,480 1.7 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 41,174 43% $11.43 $594 1.5

$24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 1,116,797 36% $20.17 $1,049 1.2

$14.23 $740 $29,600 1.4 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 9,617 31% $12.21 $635 1.2

$14.96 $778 $31,120 1.5 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 24,818 29% $14.86 $773 1.0

$13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 1,375 21% $15.04 $782 0.9

$14.46 $752 $30,080 1.4 $71,300 $1,783 $21,390 $535 13,437 30% $13.14 $683 1.1

$19.15 $996 $39,840 1.9 $83,700 $2,093 $25,110 $628 16,225 43% $11.65 $606 1.6

$22.27 $1,158 $46,320 2.2 $88,900 $2,223 $26,670 $667 5,599 29% $20.78 $1,081 1.1

$14.13 $735 $29,400 1.4 $60,300 $1,508 $18,090 $452 11,404 48% $11.00 $572 1.3

$17.54 $912 $36,480 1.8 $76,500 $1,913 $22,950 $574 12,731 32% $12.10 $629 1.4

$23.85 $1,240 $49,600 2.4 $107,300 $2,683 $32,190 $805 6,852 17% $12.23 $636 1.9

$13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $68,900 $1,723 $20,670 $517 4,451 24% $8.33 $433 1.6

$14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 42,531 28% $15.43 $802 1.0

$15.92 $828 $33,120 1.6 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 43,044 32% $13.68 $711 1.2

$15.42 $802 $32,080 1.5 $85,200 $2,130 $25,560 $639 27,196 31% $11.67 $607 1.3

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-79

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

St. Louis HMFA $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 74,583 30% $10.95 $569 1.6

Williamson County HMFA $14.27 $742 $29,680 1.4 $73,000 $1,825 $21,900 $548 8,160 30% $10.21 $531 1.4

Counties

Adams County $13.88 $722 $28,880 1.4 $67,300 $1,683 $20,190 $505 7,734 28% $11.69 $608 1.2

Alexander County $14.87 $773 $30,920 1.5 $67,000 $1,675 $20,100 $503 667 29% $11.90 $619 1.2

Bond County $13.96 $726 $29,040 1.4 $71,900 $1,798 $21,570 $539 1,400 23% $9.38 $488 1.5

Boone County $15.92 $828 $33,120 1.6 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 3,784 20% $13.96 $726 1.1

Brown County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $77,600 $1,940 $23,280 $582 503 24% $12.71 $661 1.1

Bureau County $14.44 $751 $30,040 1.4 $71,400 $1,785 $21,420 $536 3,266 24% $11.94 $621 1.2

Calhoun County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 289 16% $5.07 $264 3.4

Carroll County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $67,800 $1,695 $20,340 $509 1,539 24% $10.73 $558 1.3

Cass County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 1,273 25% $10.02 $521 1.3

Champaign County $16.58 $862 $34,480 1.7 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 38,252 46% $11.36 $591 1.5

Christian County $13.60 $707 $28,280 1.4 $64,300 $1,608 $19,290 $482 3,553 25% $9.64 $501 1.4

Clark County $13.58 $706 $28,240 1.4 $63,700 $1,593 $19,110 $478 1,767 26% $11.52 $599 1.2

Clay County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $64,500 $1,613 $19,350 $484 1,296 23% $10.84 $564 1.2

Clinton County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 2,995 21% $10.59 $551 1.6

Coles County $14.25 $741 $29,640 1.4 $62,800 $1,570 $18,840 $471 8,116 38% $8.99 $467 1.6

Cook County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 1.8 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 846,311 43% $21.78 $1,132 1.1

Crawford County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $66,000 $1,650 $19,800 $495 1,669 22% $14.57 $758 0.9

Cumberland County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $67,400 $1,685 $20,220 $506 899 21% $9.28 $483 1.4

DeKalb County $19.15 $996 $39,840 1.9 $83,700 $2,093 $25,110 $628 16,225 43% $11.65 $606 1.6

De Witt County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $72,600 $1,815 $21,780 $545 1,375 21% $15.04 $782 0.9

Douglas County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $68,000 $1,700 $20,400 $510 2,157 28% $11.97 $622 1.1

DuPage County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 91,688 27% $19.48 $1,013 1.2

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-80

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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AAMMII

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Edgar County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $63,000 $1,575 $18,900 $473 1,848 24% $9.84 $512 1.4

Edwards County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $67,700 $1,693 $20,310 $508 488 18% $11.13 $579 1.2

Effingham County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 3,029 22% $11.01 $573 1.2

Fayette County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $57,000 $1,425 $17,100 $428 1,483 19% $7.98 $415 1.7

Ford County $16.58 $862 $34,480 1.7 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 1,700 29% $13.68 $712 1.2

Franklin County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $54,200 $1,355 $16,260 $407 4,225 26% $10.70 $557 1.3

Fulton County $14.67 $763 $30,520 1.5 $64,200 $1,605 $19,260 $482 3,265 23% $8.57 $445 1.7

Gallatin County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $55,400 $1,385 $16,620 $416 576 25% $13.56 $705 1.0

Greene County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $57,200 $1,430 $17,160 $429 1,047 21% $9.24 $480 1.5

Grundy County $22.27 $1,158 $46,320 2.2 $88,900 $2,223 $26,670 $667 5,599 29% $20.78 $1,081 1.1

Hamilton County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $62,800 $1,570 $18,840 $471 655 19% $14.14 $735 0.9

Hancock County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $65,200 $1,630 $19,560 $489 1,373 19% $11.37 $591 1.2

Hardin County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $59,100 $1,478 $17,730 $443 283 20% $5.29 $275 2.5

Henderson County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $58,500 $1,463 $17,550 $439 557 19% $8.87 $461 1.5

Henry County $14.96 $778 $31,120 1.5 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 4,449 22% $9.39 $488 1.6

Iroquois County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $64,900 $1,623 $19,470 $487 2,726 23% $9.87 $513 1.4

Jackson County $14.13 $735 $29,400 1.4 $60,300 $1,508 $18,090 $452 11,404 48% $11.00 $572 1.3

Jasper County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $71,800 $1,795 $21,540 $539 643 18% $8.44 $439 1.6

Jefferson County $13.75 $715 $28,600 1.4 $62,500 $1,563 $18,750 $469 4,158 27% $11.06 $575 1.2

Jersey County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 1,673 19% $8.06 $419 2.2

Jo Daviess County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $76,200 $1,905 $22,860 $572 2,132 22% $10.35 $538 1.3

Johnson County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 689 16% $6.88 $358 1.9

Kane County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 47,223 27% $13.61 $708 1.8

Kankakee County $17.54 $912 $36,480 1.8 $76,500 $1,913 $22,950 $574 12,731 32% $12.10 $629 1.4

Kendall County $23.85 $1,240 $49,600 2.4 $107,300 $2,683 $32,190 $805 6,852 17% $12.23 $636 1.9

Knox County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 7,203 35% $9.57 $498 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-81

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AAMMII

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((22002200))

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FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Lake County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 65,199 27% $20.81 $1,082 1.2

La Salle County $15.02 $781 $31,240 1.5 $69,300 $1,733 $20,790 $520 12,296 28% $12.21 $635 1.2

Lawrence County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $59,200 $1,480 $17,760 $444 1,777 29% $12.42 $646 1.1

Lee County $14.08 $732 $29,280 1.4 $76,000 $1,900 $22,800 $570 3,724 27% $12.31 $640 1.1

Livingston County $13.65 $710 $28,400 1.4 $74,200 $1,855 $22,260 $557 4,000 28% $12.02 $625 1.1

Logan County $13.92 $724 $28,960 1.4 $75,000 $1,875 $22,500 $563 2,963 27% $12.86 $669 1.1

McDonough County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $71,700 $1,793 $21,510 $538 3,757 33% $7.21 $375 1.9

McHenry County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 23,181 21% $12.95 $673 1.9

McLean County $15.90 $827 $33,080 1.6 $98,400 $2,460 $29,520 $738 23,719 36% $13.95 $726 1.1

Macon County $14.46 $752 $30,080 1.4 $71,300 $1,783 $21,390 $535 13,437 30% $13.14 $683 1.1

Macoupin County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $68,900 $1,723 $20,670 $517 4,451 24% $8.33 $433 1.6

Madison County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 31,406 29% $11.31 $588 1.5

Marion County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $60,000 $1,500 $18,000 $450 4,237 27% $10.57 $550 1.3

Marshall County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 876 18% $8.59 $447 1.7

Mason County $13.90 $723 $28,920 1.4 $59,900 $1,498 $17,970 $449 1,326 22% $11.52 $599 1.2

Massac County $15.23 $792 $31,680 1.5 $60,100 $1,503 $18,030 $451 1,484 25% $11.89 $618 1.3

Menard County $15.42 $802 $32,080 1.5 $85,200 $2,130 $25,560 $639 1,186 23% $8.35 $434 1.8

Mercer County $14.96 $778 $31,120 1.5 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 1,467 22% $10.08 $524 1.5

Monroe County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 2,072 16% $7.59 $395 2.3

Montgomery County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $63,500 $1,588 $19,050 $476 2,597 23% $8.51 $443 1.6

Morgan County $13.96 $726 $29,040 1.4 $65,400 $1,635 $19,620 $491 4,459 32% $11.35 $590 1.2

Moultrie County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $67,000 $1,675 $20,100 $503 1,324 22% $12.00 $624 1.1

Ogle County $15.17 $789 $31,560 1.5 $75,100 $1,878 $22,530 $563 5,452 26% $14.40 $749 1.1

Peoria County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 25,715 35% $16.92 $880 0.9

Perry County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $68,200 $1,705 $20,460 $512 2,085 25% $7.77 $404 1.7

Piatt County $16.58 $862 $34,480 1.7 $83,600 $2,090 $25,080 $627 1,222 18% $9.69 $504 1.7

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-82

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR AAnnnnuuaall

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((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Pike County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $56,400 $1,410 $16,920 $423 1,421 22% $10.32 $536 1.3

Pope County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $60,800 $1,520 $18,240 $456 245 15% $4.65 $242 2.9

Pulaski County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $54,400 $1,360 $16,320 $408 547 25% $13.61 $708 1.0

Putnam County $14.27 $742 $29,680 1.4 $84,100 $2,103 $25,230 $631 466 19% $15.13 $787 0.9

Randolph County $13.46 $700 $28,000 1.3 $69,100 $1,728 $20,730 $518 2,886 24% $11.57 $601 1.2

Richland County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $62,100 $1,553 $18,630 $466 1,833 28% $9.60 $499 1.4

Rock Island County $14.96 $778 $31,120 1.5 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 18,902 31% $15.95 $829 0.9

St. Clair County $17.40 $905 $36,200 1.7 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 36,148 35% $11.09 $577 1.6

Saline County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $55,100 $1,378 $16,530 $413 2,762 28% $8.69 $452 1.5

Sangamon County $15.42 $802 $32,080 1.5 $85,200 $2,130 $25,560 $639 26,010 31% $11.72 $609 1.3

Schuyler County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $63,500 $1,588 $19,050 $476 667 24% $16.95 $881 0.8

Scott County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $68,700 $1,718 $20,610 $515 427 22% $14.99 $780 0.9

Shelby County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $63,300 $1,583 $18,990 $475 1,819 20% $10.19 $530 1.3

Stark County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 453 20% $11.28 $586 1.3

Stephenson County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $62,100 $1,553 $18,630 $466 6,141 31% $11.76 $611 1.1

Tazewell County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 12,857 24% $13.37 $695 1.1

Union County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $58,600 $1,465 $17,580 $440 1,493 22% $8.84 $460 1.5

Vermilion County $14.23 $740 $29,600 1.4 $55,600 $1,390 $16,680 $417 9,617 31% $12.21 $635 1.2

Wabash County $13.50 $702 $28,080 1.4 $69,000 $1,725 $20,700 $518 1,159 24% $7.92 $412 1.7

Warren County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $63,400 $1,585 $19,020 $476 1,637 24% $12.16 $633 1.1

Washington County $14.33 $745 $29,800 1.4 $74,300 $1,858 $22,290 $557 1,275 21% $16.17 $841 0.9

Wayne County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $60,600 $1,515 $18,180 $455 1,675 24% $9.45 $492 1.4

White County $13.42 $698 $27,920 1.3 $62,200 $1,555 $18,660 $467 1,344 22% $11.70 $608 1.1

Whiteside County $14.50 $754 $30,160 1.5 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 5,793 25% $10.94 $569 1.3

Will County $24.00 $1,248 $49,920 2.4 $91,000 $2,275 $27,300 $683 43,195 19% $12.21 $635 2.0

Williamson County $14.27 $742 $29,680 1.4 $73,000 $1,825 $21,900 $548 8,160 30% $10.21 $531 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IL-83

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

ILLINOIS IIlllliinnooiiss RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Winnebago County $15.92 $828 $33,120 1.6 $69,600 $1,740 $20,880 $522 39,260 34% $13.64 $709 1.2

Woodford County $14.85 $772 $30,880 1.5 $79,600 $1,990 $23,880 $597 2,630 18% $10.88 $566 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

INDIANA #39*

In Indiana, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $848. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,828 monthly or $33,940 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT INDIANA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $14.44

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $16.32

Number of Renter Households 793,086

Percent Renters 31%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Indianapolis-Carmel HMFA $18.19

Gary HMFA $17.63

Bloomington HMFA $16.90

Bartholomew County $16.85

Clark County $16.77 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

90 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$16.32 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

73 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$848

$685

$1824 $751

$547

$377

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

IN-84

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IN-85

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

INDIANA IInnddiiaannaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AAMMII 3300%%

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((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Indiana

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Anderson HMFA

Bloomington HMFA

Carroll County HMFA

Cincinnati HMFA

Columbus MSA

Elkhart-Goshen MSA

Evansville MSA

Fort Wayne MSA

Gary HMFA

Indianapolis-Carmel HMFA

Jasper County HMFA

Kokomo MSA

Lafayette-West Lafayette HMFA

Louisville HMFA

Michigan City-La Porte MSA

Muncie MSA

Owen County HMFA

Putnam County HMFA

$16.32 $848 $33,940 2.3 $72,950 $1,824 $21,885 $547 793,086 31% $14.44 $751 1.1

$14.11 $734 $29,353 1.9 $64,292 $1,607 $19,288 $482 144,100 25% $12.69 $660 1.1

$15.50 $806 $32,240 2.1 $58,000 $1,450 $17,400 $435 15,487 30% $11.34 $590 1.4

$16.90 $879 $35,160 2.3 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 25,106 45% $10.86 $565 1.6

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $67,400 $1,685 $20,220 $506 1,509 19% $13.83 $719 1.0

$16.63 $865 $34,600 2.3 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 4,485 21% $8.15 $424 2.0

$16.85 $876 $35,040 2.3 $81,300 $2,033 $24,390 $610 9,082 29% $21.43 $1,114 0.8

$15.71 $817 $32,680 2.2 $70,200 $1,755 $21,060 $527 22,545 31% $15.34 $798 1.0

$15.25 $793 $31,720 2.1 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 33,733 31% $13.16 $684 1.2

$14.75 $767 $30,680 2.0 $71,100 $1,778 $21,330 $533 50,059 30% $13.36 $695 1.1

$17.63 $917 $36,680 2.4 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 73,206 29% $13.37 $695 1.3

$18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 248,651 35% $17.12 $890 1.1

$16.69 $868 $34,720 2.3 $69,000 $1,725 $20,700 $518 3,053 24% $12.37 $643 1.3

$14.04 $730 $29,200 1.9 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 10,933 32% $14.83 $771 0.9

$16.10 $837 $33,480 2.2 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 32,491 45% $13.45 $700 1.2

$16.77 $872 $34,880 2.3 $77,500 $1,938 $23,250 $581 23,720 27% $11.82 $615 1.4

$15.08 $784 $31,360 2.1 $65,200 $1,630 $19,560 $489 12,080 28% $11.62 $604 1.3

$14.37 $747 $29,880 2.0 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 16,340 36% $10.47 $544 1.4

$13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,300 $1,608 $19,290 $482 1,846 21% $12.01 $625 1.1

$14.50 $754 $30,160 2.0 $70,100 $1,753 $21,030 $526 3,791 28% $14.52 $755 1.0

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IN-86

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

INDIANA IInnddiiaannaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

((22001144--22001188))

AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII 3300%%

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((22002200))

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Scott County HMFA $15.37 $799 $31,960 2.1 $61,600 $1,540 $18,480 $462 2,454 27% $10.30 $535 1.5

South Bend-Mishawaka HMFA $16.15 $840 $33,600 2.2 $70,800 $1,770 $21,240 $531 32,566 32% $13.18 $685 1.2

Sullivan County HMFA $15.21 $791 $31,640 2.1 $60,900 $1,523 $18,270 $457 2,044 27% $10.19 $530 1.5

Terre Haute HMFA $15.15 $788 $31,520 2.1 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 20,425 35% $11.58 $602 1.3

Union County HMFA $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 824 29% $12.68 $659 1.1

Washington County HMFA $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $60,400 $1,510 $18,120 $453 2,556 24% $9.88 $514 1.4

Counties

Adams County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,800 $1,620 $19,440 $486 2,842 23% $9.82 $511 1.4

Allen County $14.75 $767 $30,680 2.0 $71,100 $1,778 $21,330 $533 45,551 32% $13.60 $707 1.1

Bartholomew County $16.85 $876 $35,040 2.3 $81,300 $2,033 $24,390 $610 9,082 29% $21.43 $1,114 0.8

Benton County $16.10 $837 $33,480 2.2 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 950 28% $14.07 $731 1.1

Blackford County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $55,000 $1,375 $16,500 $413 1,263 24% $13.58 $706 1.0

Boone County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 5,740 23% $11.68 $607 1.6

Brown County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 1,002 16% $7.28 $379 2.5

Carroll County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $67,400 $1,685 $20,220 $506 1,509 19% $13.83 $719 1.0

Cass County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $60,500 $1,513 $18,150 $454 3,764 26% $10.91 $567 1.3

Clark County $16.77 $872 $34,880 2.3 $77,500 $1,938 $23,250 $581 13,082 30% $13.10 $681 1.3

Clay County $15.15 $788 $31,520 2.1 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 2,427 23% $10.27 $534 1.5

Clinton County $14.71 $765 $30,600 2.0 $66,800 $1,670 $20,040 $501 3,406 28% $12.78 $665 1.2

Crawford County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $52,900 $1,323 $15,870 $397 674 17% $6.33 $329 2.2

Daviess County $14.25 $741 $29,640 2.0 $63,700 $1,593 $19,110 $478 3,036 27% $10.02 $521 1.4

Dearborn County $16.63 $865 $34,600 2.3 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 3,942 21% $8.10 $421 2.1

Decatur County $15.92 $828 $33,120 2.2 $64,400 $1,610 $19,320 $483 3,226 31% $16.03 $834 1.0

DeKalb County $14.58 $758 $30,320 2.0 $66,600 $1,665 $19,980 $500 3,929 23% $14.20 $738 1.0

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IN-87

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

INDIANA IInnddiiaannaa RREENNTTEERRSSAARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

AAnnnnuuaall iinnccoommee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd

22 BBRR FFMMRR 3300%%

ooff AAMMII

MMoonntthhllyy rreenntt

aaffffoorrddaabbllee aatt mmeeaann

rreenntteerr wwaaggee3 5 1

HHOOUUSSIINNGG CCOOSSTTSS

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wwaaggee nneeeeddeedd ttoo aaffffoorrdd 22 BBRR FFMMRR

FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

4

Delaware County $14.37 $747 $29,880 2.0 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 16,340 36% $10.47 $544 1.4

Dubois County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $77,900 $1,948 $23,370 $584 3,630 22% $9.76 $508 1.4

Elkhart County $15.71 $817 $32,680 2.2 $70,200 $1,755 $21,060 $527 22,545 31% $15.34 $798 1.0

Fayette County $13.75 $715 $28,600 1.9 $53,700 $1,343 $16,110 $403 2,915 30% $10.42 $542 1.3

Floyd County $16.77 $872 $34,880 2.3 $77,500 $1,938 $23,250 $581 8,091 28% $10.61 $552 1.6

Fountain County $14.12 $734 $29,360 1.9 $59,600 $1,490 $17,880 $447 1,677 24% $11.25 $585 1.3

Franklin County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $69,500 $1,738 $20,850 $521 1,652 19% $9.95 $517 1.4

Fulton County $13.75 $715 $28,600 1.9 $62,100 $1,553 $18,630 $466 1,839 23% $11.24 $584 1.2

Gibson County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $68,300 $1,708 $20,490 $512 3,016 23% $17.45 $907 0.8

Grant County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $58,500 $1,463 $17,550 $439 8,042 31% $11.95 $621 1.1

Greene County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,700 $1,618 $19,410 $485 2,562 20% $10.05 $523 1.4

Hamilton County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 26,588 23% $16.18 $841 1.1

Hancock County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 6,325 22% $12.70 $660 1.4

Harrison County $16.77 $872 $34,880 2.3 $77,500 $1,938 $23,250 $581 2,547 17% $8.47 $440 2.0

Hendricks County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 12,503 22% $11.51 $599 1.6

Henry County $13.79 $717 $28,680 1.9 $60,600 $1,515 $18,180 $455 4,865 26% $10.13 $527 1.4

Howard County $14.04 $730 $29,200 1.9 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 10,933 32% $14.83 $771 0.9

Huntington County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,800 $1,620 $19,440 $486 3,561 24% $11.54 $600 1.2

Jackson County $14.60 $759 $30,360 2.0 $64,300 $1,608 $19,290 $482 4,588 27% $14.00 $728 1.0

Jasper County $16.69 $868 $34,720 2.3 $69,000 $1,725 $20,700 $518 3,053 24% $12.37 $643 1.3

Jay County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $58,800 $1,470 $17,640 $441 2,199 27% $12.67 $659 1.1

Jefferson County $14.50 $754 $30,160 2.0 $64,100 $1,603 $19,230 $481 3,582 28% $12.88 $670 1.1

Jennings County $14.15 $736 $29,440 2.0 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 2,634 25% $13.27 $690 1.1

Johnson County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 15,727 28% $11.86 $617 1.5

Knox County $14.73 $766 $30,640 2.0 $60,000 $1,500 $18,000 $450 5,233 35% $11.76 $612 1.3

Kosciusko County $14.67 $763 $30,520 2.0 $74,700 $1,868 $22,410 $560 8,113 26% $17.21 $895 0.9

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IN-88

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

INDIANA IInnddiiaannaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

LaGrange County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $67,700 $1,693 $20,310 $508 2,091 17% $15.56 $809 0.9

Lake County $17.63 $917 $36,680 2.4 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 56,335 30% $13.81 $718 1.3

LaPorte County $15.08 $784 $31,360 2.1 $65,200 $1,630 $19,560 $489 12,080 28% $11.62 $604 1.3

Lawrence County $14.44 $751 $30,040 2.0 $62,800 $1,570 $18,840 $471 4,143 22% $11.07 $575 1.3

Madison County $15.50 $806 $32,240 2.1 $58,000 $1,450 $17,400 $435 15,487 30% $11.34 $590 1.4

Marion County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 169,854 46% $19.18 $997 0.9

Marshall County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $65,900 $1,648 $19,770 $494 4,276 25% $10.03 $521 1.4

Martin County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $63,100 $1,578 $18,930 $473 875 21% $11.38 $592 1.2

Miami County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $61,400 $1,535 $18,420 $461 3,948 29% $10.36 $539 1.3

Monroe County $16.90 $879 $35,160 2.3 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 25,106 45% $10.86 $565 1.6

Montgomery County $14.56 $757 $30,280 2.0 $67,900 $1,698 $20,370 $509 4,450 29% $14.22 $739 1.0

Morgan County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 6,176 24% $12.14 $631 1.5

Newton County $17.63 $917 $36,680 2.4 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 1,171 21% $14.31 $744 1.2

Noble County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $67,400 $1,685 $20,220 $506 4,341 24% $12.45 $647 1.1

Ohio County $16.63 $865 $34,600 2.3 $86,300 $2,158 $25,890 $647 543 22% $8.72 $453 1.9

Orange County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $57,100 $1,428 $17,130 $428 1,996 25% $10.06 $523 1.4

Owen County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,300 $1,608 $19,290 $482 1,846 21% $12.01 $625 1.1

Parke County $14.42 $750 $30,000 2.0 $56,800 $1,420 $17,040 $426 1,408 23% $9.15 $476 1.6

Perry County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 1,684 23% $9.71 $505 1.4

Pike County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $65,800 $1,645 $19,740 $494 876 17% $16.45 $855 0.8

Porter County $17.63 $917 $36,680 2.4 $74,900 $1,873 $22,470 $562 15,700 25% $12.01 $624 1.5

Posey County $15.25 $793 $31,720 2.1 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 1,926 19% $12.14 $631 1.3

Pulaski County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $59,400 $1,485 $17,820 $446 1,196 23% $14.82 $771 0.9

Putnam County $14.50 $754 $30,160 2.0 $70,100 $1,753 $21,030 $526 3,791 28% $14.52 $755 1.0

Randolph County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $59,400 $1,485 $17,820 $446 2,419 23% $11.74 $610 1.2

Ripley County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $66,600 $1,665 $19,980 $500 2,553 23% $12.60 $655 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IN-89

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

INDIANA IInnddiiaannaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Rush County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $62,600 $1,565 $18,780 $470 1,927 29% $12.50 $650 1.1

St. Joseph County $16.15 $840 $33,600 2.2 $70,800 $1,770 $21,240 $531 32,566 32% $13.18 $685 1.2

Scott County $15.37 $799 $31,960 2.1 $61,600 $1,540 $18,480 $462 2,454 27% $10.30 $535 1.5

Shelby County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $82,000 $2,050 $24,600 $615 4,736 27% $14.16 $736 1.3

Spencer County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $73,500 $1,838 $22,050 $551 1,542 19% $11.90 $619 1.2

Starke County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $58,100 $1,453 $17,430 $436 1,834 21% $10.69 $556 1.3

Steuben County $15.17 $789 $31,560 2.1 $66,400 $1,660 $19,920 $498 3,187 23% $11.46 $596 1.3

Sullivan County $15.21 $791 $31,640 2.1 $60,900 $1,523 $18,270 $457 2,044 27% $10.19 $530 1.5

Switzerland County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $53,700 $1,343 $16,110 $403 1,134 26% $15.42 $802 0.9

Tippecanoe County $16.10 $837 $33,480 2.2 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 31,541 46% $13.44 $699 1.2

Tipton County $15.58 $810 $32,400 2.1 $70,900 $1,773 $21,270 $532 1,220 19% $16.72 $869 0.9

Union County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $61,300 $1,533 $18,390 $460 824 29% $12.68 $659 1.1

Vanderburgh County $15.25 $793 $31,720 2.1 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 26,818 36% $13.31 $692 1.1

Vermillion County $15.15 $788 $31,520 2.1 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 1,795 27% $14.02 $729 1.1

Vigo County $15.15 $788 $31,520 2.1 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 16,203 39% $11.57 $602 1.3

Wabash County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $62,200 $1,555 $18,660 $467 3,450 27% $11.96 $622 1.2

Warren County $14.15 $736 $29,440 2.0 $69,500 $1,738 $20,850 $521 546 16% $10.96 $570 1.3

Warrick County $15.25 $793 $31,720 2.1 $74,800 $1,870 $22,440 $561 4,989 21% $12.60 $655 1.2

Washington County $13.73 $714 $28,560 1.9 $60,400 $1,510 $18,120 $453 2,556 24% $9.88 $514 1.4

Wayne County $13.94 $725 $29,000 1.9 $61,600 $1,540 $18,480 $462 8,626 32% $12.65 $658 1.1

Wells County $14.75 $767 $30,680 2.0 $71,100 $1,778 $21,330 $533 2,226 20% $9.40 $489 1.6

White County $14.10 $733 $29,320 1.9 $66,200 $1,655 $19,860 $497 2,130 22% $12.98 $675 1.1

Whitley County $14.75 $767 $30,680 2.0 $71,100 $1,778 $21,330 $533 2,282 17% $13.10 $681 1.1

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

IOWA #45*

In Iowa, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $804. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,679 monthly or $32,151 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT IOWA: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $13.43

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $15.46

Number of Renter Households 362,703

Percent Renters 29%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Iowa City HMFA $19.44

Omaha-Council Bluffs HMFA $18.19

Des Moines-West Des Moines MSA $17.31

Ames MSA $16.48

Muscatine County $15.94 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

85 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.1 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$15.46 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

67 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.7 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$847

$632

$1981

$698

$594

$377

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

IA-90

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IA-91

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IOWA IIoowwaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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AAMMII

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((22002200))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Iowa

Combined Nonmetro Areas

Metropolitan Areas

Ames MSA

Benton County HMFA

Bremer County HMFA

Cedar Rapids HMFA

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA

Des Moines-West Des Moines MSA

Dubuque MSA

Iowa City HMFA

Jones County HMFA

Omaha-Council Bluffs HMFA

Plymouth County HMFA

Sioux City HMFA

Washington County HMFA

Waterloo-Cedar Falls HMFA

Counties

Adair County

Adams County

Allamakee County

Appanoose County † Wage data not available (See Appendix B).

$15.46 $804 $32,151 2.1 $79,229 $1,981 $23,769 $594 362,703 29% $13.43 $698 1.2

$13.74 $715 $28,586 1.9 $69,809 $1,745 $20,943 $524 135,078 26% $12.33 $641 1.1

$16.48 $857 $34,280 2.3 $104,300 $2,608 $31,290 $782 17,581 47% $11.89 $618 1.4

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $85,100 $2,128 $25,530 $638 1,806 18% $8.96 $466 1.5

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $87,600 $2,190 $26,280 $657 1,727 18% $10.36 $539 1.3

$14.94 $777 $31,080 2.1 $85,200 $2,130 $25,560 $639 22,995 26% $13.90 $723 1.1

$14.96 $778 $31,120 2.1 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 20,466 31% $12.51 $651 1.2

$17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 75,206 31% $16.47 $857 1.1

$15.06 $783 $31,320 2.1 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 10,594 28% $11.84 $616 1.3

$19.44 $1,011 $40,440 2.7 $101,200 $2,530 $30,360 $759 23,447 40% $9.96 $518 2.0

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $76,200 $1,905 $22,860 $572 1,998 24% $11.61 $604 1.1

$18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $87,000 $2,175 $26,100 $653 14,485 30% $12.75 $663 1.4

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 2,156 21% $14.08 $732 0.9

$15.44 $803 $32,120 2.1 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 13,393 34% $12.07 $628 1.3

$15.48 $805 $32,200 2.1 $78,200 $1,955 $23,460 $587 2,546 29% $10.45 $544 1.5

$14.67 $763 $30,520 2.0 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 19,225 33% $13.92 $724 1.1

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $66,600 $1,665 $19,980 $500 732 23% $10.49 $545 1.3

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 372 23% $13.93 $724 0.9

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $68,400 $1,710 $20,520 $513 1,327 22% $10.05 $523 1.3

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $57,200 $1,430 $17,160 $429 1,445 27% $9.21 $479 1.4

1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IA-92

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IOWA IIoowwaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

22 BBRR FFMMRR

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AAMMII 3300%%

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Audubon County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $65,700 $1,643 $19,710 $493 597 22% $12.90 $671 1.0

Benton County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $85,100 $2,128 $25,530 $638 1,806 18% $8.96 $466 1.5

Black Hawk County $14.67 $763 $30,520 2.0 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 18,173 34% $13.88 $722 1.1

Boone County $14.31 $744 $29,760 2.0 $77,700 $1,943 $23,310 $583 2,533 23% $11.73 $610 1.2

Bremer County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $87,600 $2,190 $26,280 $657 1,727 18% $10.36 $539 1.3

Buchanan County $13.38 $696 $27,840 1.8 $79,200 $1,980 $23,760 $594 1,744 22% $10.45 $543 1.3

Buena Vista County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $68,600 $1,715 $20,580 $515 2,525 33% $13.81 $718 1.0

Butler County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 1,306 21% $11.40 $593 1.2

Calhoun County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,000 $1,575 $18,900 $473 928 22% $10.25 $533 1.3

Carroll County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $78,500 $1,963 $23,550 $589 2,000 23% $9.36 $487 1.4

Cass County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $61,600 $1,540 $18,480 $462 1,828 31% $11.56 $601 1.1

Cedar County $14.31 $744 $29,760 2.0 $82,500 $2,063 $24,750 $619 1,470 19% $12.73 $662 1.1

Cerro Gordo County $14.60 $759 $30,360 2.0 $71,700 $1,793 $21,510 $538 5,929 31% $11.84 $616 1.2

Cherokee County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $73,200 $1,830 $21,960 $549 1,381 26% $11.61 $604 1.1

Chickasaw County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $73,200 $1,830 $21,960 $549 1,028 20% $14.87 $773 0.9

Clarke County $14.56 $757 $30,280 2.0 $66,000 $1,650 $19,800 $495 1,126 29% $11.94 $621 1.2

Clay County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $68,500 $1,713 $20,550 $514 2,292 31% $11.92 $620 1.1

Clayton County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $69,500 $1,738 $20,850 $521 1,914 25% $12.89 $670 1.0

Clinton County $14.25 $741 $29,640 2.0 $71,700 $1,793 $21,510 $538 5,082 26% $10.84 $564 1.3

Crawford County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,100 $1,578 $18,930 $473 1,737 27% $10.39 $541 1.3

Dallas County $17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 8,430 26% $15.69 $816 1.1

Davis County $13.37 $695 $27,800 1.8 $71,000 $1,775 $21,300 $533 550 17% $8.40 $437 1.6

Decatur County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $53,500 $1,338 $16,050 $401 1,089 34% $8.03 $418 1.6

Delaware County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $76,900 $1,923 $23,070 $577 1,185 17% $10.55 $549 1.3

Des Moines County $15.58 $810 $32,400 2.1 $64,700 $1,618 $19,410 $485 4,635 28% $11.40 $593 1.4

Dickinson County $14.42 $750 $30,000 2.0 $83,400 $2,085 $25,020 $626 1,697 21% $9.43 $490 1.5

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IA-93

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IOWA IIoowwaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Dubuque County $15.06 $783 $31,320 2.1 $82,900 $2,073 $24,870 $622 10,594 28% $11.84 $616 1.3

Emmet County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 942 23% $12.38 $644 1.1

Fayette County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 2,046 25% $9.95 $517 1.3

Floyd County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $67,100 $1,678 $20,130 $503 1,878 28% $10.25 $533 1.3

Franklin County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $61,200 $1,530 $18,360 $459 1,079 26% $15.63 $813 0.8

Fremont County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $70,100 $1,753 $21,030 $526 773 26% $10.73 $558 1.2

Greene County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,100 $1,778 $21,330 $533 1,002 26% $11.69 $608 1.1

Grundy County $14.67 $763 $30,520 2.0 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 1,052 20% $14.63 $761 1.0

Guthrie County $17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 904 21% $12.91 $671 1.3

Hamilton County $13.63 $709 $28,360 1.9 $73,400 $1,835 $22,020 $551 1,714 27% $12.24 $636 1.1

Hancock County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,500 $1,788 $21,450 $536 1,051 22% $12.21 $635 1.1

Hardin County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $74,400 $1,860 $22,320 $558 1,646 23% $13.49 $702 1.0

Harrison County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $87,000 $2,175 $26,100 $653 1,529 25% $11.15 $580 1.6

Henry County $13.65 $710 $28,400 1.9 $66,900 $1,673 $20,070 $502 2,239 29% $13.18 $685 1.0

Howard County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $66,200 $1,655 $19,860 $497 810 21% $11.67 $607 1.1

Humboldt County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $67,900 $1,698 $20,370 $509 1,088 26% $11.63 $605 1.1

Ida County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $73,200 $1,830 $21,960 $549 729 24% $13.64 $709 1.0

Iowa County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $76,400 $1,910 $22,920 $573 1,487 22% $11.88 $618 1.1

Jackson County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $66,300 $1,658 $19,890 $497 1,734 21% $9.46 $492 1.4

Jasper County $13.98 $727 $29,080 1.9 $72,800 $1,820 $21,840 $546 3,790 26% $12.41 $646 1.1

Jefferson County $14.29 $743 $29,720 2.0 $66,200 $1,655 $19,860 $497 2,249 33% $10.00 $520 1.4

Johnson County $19.44 $1,011 $40,440 2.7 $101,200 $2,530 $30,360 $759 23,447 40% $9.96 $518 2.0

Jones County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $76,200 $1,905 $22,860 $572 1,998 24% $11.61 $604 1.1

Keokuk County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $69,200 $1,730 $20,760 $519 1,014 23% $12.72 $661 1.0

Kossuth County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $73,600 $1,840 $22,080 $552 1,584 24% $13.24 $688 1.0

Lee County $13.27 $690 $27,600 1.8 $64,400 $1,610 $19,320 $483 3,641 26% $11.50 $598 1.2

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IA-94

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IOWA IIoowwaa RREENNTTEERRSS

RReenntteerr hhoouusseehhoollddss ((22001144--22001188))

%% ooff ttoottaall hhoouusseehhoollddss

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AARREEAA MMEEDDIIAANN IINNCCOOMMEE ((AAMMII))

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Linn County $14.94 $777 $31,080 2.1 $85,200 $2,130 $25,560 $639 22,995 26% $13.90 $723 1.1

Louisa County $13.56 $705 $28,200 1.9 $71,800 $1,795 $21,540 $539 1,011 23% $12.99 $675 1.0

Lucas County $15.17 $789 $31,560 2.1 $67,100 $1,678 $20,130 $503 829 23% $13.22 $687 1.1

Lyon County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $74,200 $1,855 $22,260 $557 755 17% $13.66 $710 1.0

Madison County $17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 1,356 21% $11.17 $581 1.5

Mahaska County $13.50 $702 $28,080 1.9 $65,100 $1,628 $19,530 $488 2,545 29% $11.64 $605 1.2

Marion County $14.12 $734 $29,360 1.9 $76,400 $1,910 $22,920 $573 3,924 29% $15.94 $829 0.9

Marshall County $14.83 $771 $30,840 2.0 $67,200 $1,680 $20,160 $504 4,416 29% $15.58 $810 1.0

Mills County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $87,000 $2,175 $26,100 $653 1,230 22% $9.58 $498 1.9

Mitchell County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $70,700 $1,768 $21,210 $530 762 17% $13.77 $716 1.0

Monona County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $63,900 $1,598 $19,170 $479 1,173 29% $9.40 $489 1.4

Monroe County $13.85 $720 $28,800 1.9 $66,900 $1,673 $20,070 $502 731 22% $16.05 $835 0.9

Montgomery County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $59,300 $1,483 $17,790 $445 1,439 31% $11.40 $593 1.2

Muscatine County $15.94 $829 $33,160 2.2 $73,100 $1,828 $21,930 $548 4,483 27% $17.51 $910 0.9

O'Brien County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $76,300 $1,908 $22,890 $572 1,694 28% $10.59 $551 1.2

Osceola County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $68,700 $1,718 $20,610 $515 631 24% $14.48 $753 0.9

Page County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $64,900 $1,623 $19,470 $487 1,741 28% $11.64 $605 1.1

Palo Alto County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,200 $1,780 $21,360 $534 980 26% $13.36 $695 1.0

Plymouth County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $79,100 $1,978 $23,730 $593 2,156 21% $14.08 $732 0.9

Pocahontas County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $67,000 $1,675 $20,100 $503 726 23% $16.41 $853 0.8

Polk County $17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 60,322 33% $16.95 $882 1.0

Pottawattamie County $18.19 $946 $37,840 2.5 $87,000 $2,175 $26,100 $653 11,726 32% $13.09 $681 1.4

Poweshiek County $14.06 $731 $29,240 1.9 $73,000 $1,825 $21,900 $548 2,358 31% $13.92 $724 1.0

$13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $62,200 $1,555 $18,660 $467 454 23%

Sac County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $71,000 $1,775 $21,300 $533 913 21% $12.36 $643 1.1

Scott County $14.96 $778 $31,120 2.1 $75,400 $1,885 $22,620 $566 20,466 31% $12.51 $651 1.2

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION IA-95

Full-time jobs at mean renter wage needed to

afford 2 BR FMR

RENTERS AREA MEDIAN INCOME (AMI)HOUSING COSTS

FY20 HOUSING WAGE

Renter households (2014-2018)

% of total households (2014-2018)

2 BR FMR

Annual income

needed to afford 2

BMR FMR 30%

of AMI

Montly rent affordable

at 30% of AMI

Monthly rent

affordable at mean

renter wage

Full-time jobs at

minimum wage to afford

2BR FMR³

Hourly wage necessary

to afford 2 BR¹ FMR²

Annual AMI 4

Monthly rent affordable

at AMI5

Estimated hourly mean renter wage

(2020)

IOWA IIoowwaa RREENNTTEERRSS

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22 BBRR FFMMRR

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FFYY2200 HHOOUUSSIINNGG WWAAGGEE

2 4

Shelby County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $72,500 $1,813 $21,750 $544 1,135 22% $11.69 $608 1.1

Sioux County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $80,600 $2,015 $24,180 $605 2,461 20% $11.73 $610 1.1

Story County $16.48 $857 $34,280 2.3 $104,300 $2,608 $31,290 $782 17,581 47% $11.89 $618 1.4

Tama County $13.35 $694 $27,760 1.8 $71,600 $1,790 $21,480 $537 1,602 24% $14.34 $746 0.9

Taylor County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $62,400 $1,560 $18,720 $468 622 23% $13.16 $684 1.0

Union County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $66,800 $1,670 $20,040 $501 1,518 29% $10.21 $531 1.3

Van Buren County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $64,600 $1,615 $19,380 $485 521 18% $10.63 $553 1.2

Wapello County $14.08 $732 $29,280 1.9 $58,700 $1,468 $17,610 $440 3,997 28% $11.28 $587 1.2

Warren County $17.31 $900 $36,000 2.4 $89,200 $2,230 $26,760 $669 4,194 22% $8.47 $440 2.0

Washington County $15.48 $805 $32,200 2.1 $78,200 $1,955 $23,460 $587 2,546 29% $10.45 $544 1.5

Wayne County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $58,200 $1,455 $17,460 $437 491 18% $12.45 $647 1.1

Webster County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $62,700 $1,568 $18,810 $470 4,948 33% $13.97 $727 0.9

Winnebago County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $67,100 $1,678 $20,130 $503 1,219 26% $11.78 $612 1.1

Winneshiek County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $80,700 $2,018 $24,210 $605 1,711 21% $10.58 $550 1.2

Woodbury County $15.44 $803 $32,120 2.1 $75,200 $1,880 $22,560 $564 13,393 34% $12.07 $628 1.3

Worth County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $68,100 $1,703 $20,430 $511 720 23% $10.77 $560 1.2

Wright County $13.21 $687 $27,480 1.8 $64,000 $1,600 $19,200 $480 1,620 28% $12.68 $659 1.0

† Wage data not available (See Appendix B). 1: BR = Bedroom 2: FMR = Fiscal Year 2020 Fair Market Rent. 3: This calculation uses the higher of the county, state, or federal minimum wage, where applicable. 4: AMI = Fiscal Year 2020 Area Median Income 5: Affordable rents represent the generally accepted standard of spending not more than 30% of gross income on gross housing costs.

STATE RANKING

KANSAS #37*

In Kansas, the Fair Market Rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom apartment is $855. In order to afford this level of rent and utilities — without paying more than 30% of income on housing — a household must earn $2,849 monthly or $34,185 annually. Assuming a 40-hour work week, 52 weeks per year, this level of income translates into an hourly Housing Wage of:

FACTS ABOUT KANSAS: STATE FACTS

Minimum Wage $7.25

Average Renter Wage $14.21

2-Bedroom Housing Wage $16.43

Number of Renter Households 378,704

Percent Renters 34%

MOST EXPENSIVE AREAS HOUSING WAGE

Kansas City HMFA $18.81

Manhattan MSA $18.63

Geary County $18.46

Lawrence MSA $17.88

Wichita HMFA $15.81 MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area: HMFA = HUD Metro FMR Area. * Ranked from Highest to Lowest 2-Bedroom Housing Wage. Includes District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

OUT OF REACH 2020 | NATIONAL LOW INCOME HOUSING COALITION

91 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

2.3 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

2-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

Two bedroom FMR

One bedroom FMR

Rent affordable at area median income (AMI)

Rent affordable with full-time job paying mean renter wage

Rent affordable at 30% of AMI

Rent affordable with full-time job paying minimum wage

Rent affordable to SSI recipient

$0

$16.43 PER HOUR

STATE HOUSING WAGE

72 Work Hours Per Week At

Minimum Wage To Afford a 1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

1.8 Number of Full-Time Jobs At Minimum Wage To Afford a

1-Bedroom Rental Home (at FMR)

$855

$675

$1866

$739

$560

$377

$235

$500 $1000 $1500 $2000

KS-96