Interstitial Cystitis PowerPoint w/ Audio

Running Head: OUTLINE ON INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS 1

OUTLINE ON INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS 1

Outline on Interstitial Cystitis

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliations

I. Introduction Section

a) I have chosen to research and write on Interstitial Cystitis because it is one of the diseases that are considered chronic and have no cure. However, scientists are still researching to find cure for the disease and there seems to be hopes of finding one.

b) Interstitial Cystitis falls in the spectrum of diseases identified as Painful Bladder Syndrome. This condition causes pressure on the bladder leading to bladder pain and in worst cases pelvic pain. Patients with this condition experience frequent urination with small amounts of urine coming out.

II. Content Section

a) Statistics/Epidemiology

· Statistical Prevalence

· It is more common in women than in men. At least 3-8 million women in the United States suffer from this condition. 1 out of 100,000 individuals have this condition. (Jhang, 2016)

· Types of Distributions

· Patients with Interstitial Cystitis often feel pressure in their bladder and urinate frequently but only small amounts of urine come out.

· Types of Determinants

· Sex- Women are more likely to suffer from Interstitial Cystitis than men

· Skin and hair color- Individuals with fair skin and red hair have higher risk of developing Interstitial Cystitis

· Identified individuals can develop this condition in their 30’ and older ages.

b) Financial Costs

· Individual/Family

· Treatment and management of Interstitial Cystitis costs an individual approximately $5,000 annually. (Ryu, 2018)

· Society

· On average, the community can spend up to $100,000 annually to take care of treatment cost for individuals suffering from Interstitial Cystitis in a community.

· Loss of Productivity

Patients suffering from Interstitial Cystitis find it hard to cope with their jobs and most of them end up leaving their jobs. This causes financial problems especially to those living alone or who are depended upon by their families. (Grundy, 2018)

c) Anatomy and Physiology/Etiology

· Normal and Abnormal Structure and Functions

· Interstitial Cystitis develops due to the epithelial dysfunction, mass activation of cells in the bladder, and up-regulation of sensory nerves in the bladder

· Causes of Interstitial Cystitis

· Some of the common triggers that lead to the development of Interstitial Cystitis include hormone fluctuations, medicines with certain types of vitamins and supplements, exercise, and diet. (Birder, 2019)

d) Diagnosis/Treatment/Prognosis

· How Interstitial Cystitis is Diagnosed

· Doctors can use cystoscopy to screen the inside of the urethra and bladder. They conclude its presence upon the identification of bladder ulcers, swelling, signs of infection, swelling or cancer.

· How Interstitial Cystitis is Treated

· Since this condition cannot be cured, patients are prescribed with antihistamines medication such as loratadine to help reduce the urgency of urinating and reliving symptoms such as irritation and pelvic pain. (Homma, 2016)

· Prediction of Interstitial Cystitis Outcome

· patients experience chronic progression to a small-capacity bladder with resultant severe lower urinary tract symptoms and risk of upper tract deterioration

III. Conclusion

From the information provided, Interstitial Cystitis does not have a cure. However, it can be treated with medications that reduce the severity of the symptoms such as irritation of the bladder. Unlike men, women from 30 years and above are likely to suffer from this condition. Those suffering from Interstitial Cystitis incur a lot of financial cost treating this condition. Nonetheless, the disease can be diagnosed through cystoscopy and treated with different medications.

References

Birder, L. A. (2019). Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis. International Journal of Urology, 26, 12-15.

Grundy, L., Caldwell, A., & Brierley, S. M. (2018). Mechanisms underlying overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 931.

Homma, Y., Ueda, T., Tomoe, H., Lin, A. T., Kuo, H. C., Lee, M. H., ... & Lee, K. S. (2016). Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and hypersensitive bladder updated in 2015. International Journal of Urology, 23(7), 542-549.

Jhang, J. F., & Kuo, H. C. (2016). Pathomechanism of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and mapping the heterogeneity of disease. International Neurourology Journal, 20(Suppl 2), S95.

Ryu, C. M., Yu, H. Y., Lee, H. Y., Shin, J. H., Lee, S., Ju, H., ... & Heo, J. (2018). Longitudinal intravital imaging of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells elucidates their functional integration and therapeutic potency in an animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Theranostics, 8(20), 5610.