CIP: Outline

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Running head: OUTLINE FOR CIP

OUTLINE OF CIP 5

Outline for CIP

Laura R. Aquila

EDUC 746 Conflict Resolution

Utilizing Restorative Justice and Biblically-based Principles to Resolve Classroom Conflicts Caused by ADHD-Related Impulsivity in Under-Resourced Student Populations

I. Introduction

a. Need for restorative justice

i. Even though originally developed to deal with criminal justice system, some tenets are useful in classroom situations (Barsky, 2017)

ii. Helps victims and offenders heal (Barsky, 2017)

iii. Fosters safety through accountability (Barsky, 2017)

b. Need for Biblically-based conflict resolution

i. Christian schools should be good examples of Christ like behavior

ii. Role of Christians in ministering to those who don’t fit the expectations of society (delRosario, 2019)

iii. Goal is to lead students to become more like Christ (Chandler, 2015)

c. Need for conflict resolution in a classroom with ADHD-related impulsivity and under-resourced students present

i. Prevention and management of conflict (Effendi, 2017)

ii. Restitution as part of restorative justice plan in minority school populations (Payne & Welch, 2015)

iii. Cognitive gaps (Jensen, 2017)

iv. Chronic stress (Jensen, 2017)

v. Less Emotional support at home (Jensen, 2017)

d. Thesis statement

i. Schools as viable tool of transformation of human behavior (Iqbal, 2017)

ii. Schools as vehicle for engineering behaviors, attitudes and skills needed to positively resolve conflicts (Iqbal, 2017)

II. Overview of Restorative Justice

a. Definition and foundational tenets (Barsky, 2017 and Karp & Sacks, 2014)

b. Research in action

i. Using restorative circles to build relationships (Manassah, 2018)

ii. Benefits of developing restorative justice programs (Gavin, 2015)

iii. Challenges of implementing restorative justice in under-resourced and minority groups (Lustick, 2017)

iv. Theory in action (Ryan & Ruddy, 2015)

v. Using restorative justice in educational settings to enhance peacebuilding relationships (Clarysse & Moore, 2017)

III. Overview of Biblically based conflict resolution

a. Definition and foundational tenets

i. Compassionate response to holistic student needs (Gibson, 2015)

ii. Reflection on biblical mandates and their application to education (Cox & Peck, 2018)

iii. Who we are in Christ (Chandler, 2015)

b. Research on this topic

i. Restorative justice without hypocrisy (Reimer, 2018)

ii. Mediation as a part of restorative justice (Pons, Taverner & Arteaga, 2016)

iii. Educating students in a just way(Bobbert, 2017)

iv. Showing Christ’s love to those who challenge the norm (Swanberg, 2003)

IV. Conflicts caused by AHDH-Related Impulsivity

a. Types of conflicts (Iqbal, 2017)

i. Intra-personal

ii. Inter-personal

iii. Intra-group

iv. Inter-group

b. Effects of conflicts

i. On teacher

1. Dealing with conflict in the best way possible (Reimer, 2018)

2. Stress because of lack of training in how to deal with conflicts (Iqbal, 2017)

3. Can be positive or negative depending on the teacher’s point of view (Swanberg, 2003)

ii. On classmates

1. whole class effect (Muller, Hofmann, Fleishchli& Studer, 2016 and Gaastra, Groen, Tucha&Tucha, 2016)

2. effect on dominant students in class (Muller, Hofman, Fleishchli & Studer, 2016)

3. effect on friends in class (Muller, Hofmann, Fleishchli & Studer, 2016)

4. Can create challenges (Swanberg, 2003)

iii. On student himself

1. Academic effects on misbehaving student (Gaastra, Groen, Tucha & Tucha, 2016)

2. Relationship between gender of student and behaviors exhibited (deZeeuw, 2015)

3. Emotional outcomes (Swanberg, 2003)

c. Unique challenges in under resourced populations

i. Restorative justice administered in an effective way regardless of race or socioeconomic status (Lustick, 2017)

ii. Promising results from high poverty schools in New Zealand (Gordon, 2015)

iii. Greater need for relationships (Jensen, 2017, p. 55)

V. Strategic plan for Implementing a Biblically based Restorative Justice Management Plan

a. Classroom setting

i. Fostering peaceful classroom environments (Goldys, 2016; Barsky, 2017 p. 118)

ii. Improved academic outcomes (Korpershoek, 2016; Jensen, 2017 p. 155)

iii. Restorative practices leading to transformative teaching (Gibson,2016)

iv. Deliberate attention to students’ socio-emotional needs (Fine, 2018; Jensen, 2017 chapter 16)

v. Examining unaddressed learning problems (Gordon, 2015)

vi. Project based teaching methods (Fine, 2018)

b. Schoolwide plan

i. Improved behavior management and culture of restorative justice (Goldys, 2016; Barsky, 2017, p. 115-116)

1. Reduced office referrals

2. Reduced suspensions

ii. Peer mediation and restitution in predominantly minority schools (Payne& Welch, 2015)

iii. School community effects of use of restorative justice (Ryan & Ruddy, 2015; Barsky, 2017 p. 118)

iv. Continued legislation and implementation of restorative justice (Clarysse & Moore, 2017; Barsky, 2017, p. 119)

v. Restorative circles (Manassah, 2018)

vi. Think sheets

c. Educating students

i. School mediation program benefits (Valero, Calderon-Lopez, Martin-Seoane & Lucas-Molina, 2014; Barsky, 2017, p. 116-117)

ii. Rationale for discipleship education (Cox & Peck, 2018)

iii. Restorative practices in sports and other competitive arenas (Hemphill, 2018)

iv. Modeling (Manassah, 2018)

v. Self-regulation (Gaastra, 2016)

vi. Justice (Bobbert, 2017)

VI. Conclusion

a. Wise words and actions lead to conflict resolution (Proverbs 25:11)

b. Power of words (Ephesians 4:29 NLT)

c. School culture (Barsky, 2017 p. 117)

Resources

Barsky, A.E. (2017). Conflict resolution for the helping professions: Negotiation, mediation, advocacy, facilitation, and restorative justice (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Bobbert, M. (2017). Religious education towards justice: What kind of justice is to be taught in a christian context? Education Sciences, 7(1), 30. doi:10.3390/educsci7010030

Chandler, D. J. (2015). Whole-person formation: An integrative approach to Christian education. Christian Education Journal, 12(2), 314-332. doi:10.1177/073989131501200205

Clarysse, L. B., & Moore, S. A. (2017). Restorative justice, peacebuilding practice, and educational praxis: Critical analysis of Canadian and United Kingdom discourses. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 14(4), 123-138. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/1994870721?accountid=12085

Cox, William F. Jr, & Peck, R. A. (2018). Christian education as discipleship formation. Christian Education Journal, 15(2), 243-261. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1177/0739891318778859

Del Rosario, J. (2019). Rethinking incarceration: Advocating for justice that restores. Christian Scholar's Review, 48(2), 191-193. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2167696698?accountid=12085

de Zeeuw, L. E. J., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Lubke, G. H., Glasner, T. J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2015). Childhood ODD and ADHD behavior: The effect of classroom sharing, gender, teacher gender and their interactions. Behavior Genetics, 45(4), 394-408. doi:10.1007/s10519-015-9712-z

Effendi, M. S. (2017). Conflict resolution research in Pakistan: Scope and challenges to the development of the discipline. Pakistan Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2(1), 29-50. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2099256504?accountid=12085

Fine, S. M. (2018). Teaching in the restorative window: Authenticity, conviction, and critical-restorative pedagogy in the work of one teacher-leader. Harvard Educational Review, 88(1), 103-125,135. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2036209617?accountid=12085

Gaastra, G. F., Groen, Y., Tucha, L., & Tucha, O. (2016). The effects of classroom interventions on off-task and disruptive classroom behavior in children with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Plos One, 11(2), e0148841. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148841

Gavin, P. (2015). Slow and steady progress: Developing restorative justice in the republic of Ireland. Safer Communities, 14(3), 156-164. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1108/SC-05-2015-0019

Gibson, A. (2015). Meanings and applications of compassion in teaching: A practical review of the Bible and educational literature. Christian Education Journal, 12(1), 8-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1177/073989131501200102

Goldys, P. H. (2016). Restorative practices from candy and punishment to celebrations and problem-solving circles. Journal of Character Education, 12(1), 75-80. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/1969012979?accountid=12085

Gordon, L. (2015). Teaching the 'poor' a lesson: Beyond punitive discipline in schools. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 50(2), 211-222. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s40841-015-0014-z

Hemphill, M. A., Janke, E. M., Gordon, B., & Farrar, H. (2018). Restorative youth sports: An applied model for resolving conflicts and building positive relationships. Journal of Youth Development, 13(3), 76-96. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.5195/jyd.2018.603

Iqbal, K., Khalil, U., & Khan, A. (2017). Perceptions of secondary school teachers regarding the role of education in social conflict resolution. Bulletin of Education and Research, 39(3), 157.

Jensen, E. (2017). Poor students, richer teaching: Mindsets that raise student achievement. Bloomington, Indiana: Solution Tree Press.

Karp, D. R., & Sacks, C. (2014). Student conduct, restorative justice, and student development: Findings from the STARR project: A student accountability and restorative research project. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(2), 154-172. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.915140

Korpershoek, H., Harms, T., Boer, H. de, Kuijk, M. van, & Doolaard, S. (2016). A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Classroom Management Strategies and Classroom Management Programs on Students’ Academic, Behavioral, Emotional, and Motivational Outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 86(3), 643–680. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626799

Lustick, H. (2017). Administering discipline differently: A Foucauldian lens on restorative school discipline. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 20(3), 297-311. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1080/13603124.2015.1100755

Manassah, T., Roderick, T., & Gregory, A. (2018). A promising path toward equity: Restorative circles develop relationships, build community, and bridge differences. Learning Professional, 39(4), 36-40. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2130847021?accountid=12085

Payne, A. A., & Welch, K. (2015). Restorative justice in schools: The influence of race on restorative discipline. Youth and Society, 47(4), 539. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1177/0044118X12473125

Pons, S. C., Taberner, R. V., & Arteaga, M. P. (2016). Resistencias institucionales ante la mediación escolar. una exploración en los escenarios de conflict/ Institutional resistances before school mediation. An inquiry in the conflict settings. Revista De Antropología Social, 25(1), 111-131. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.5209/rev_RASO.2016.v25.n1.52627

Reimer, K. (2018). The kids do a better job of it than we do: A Canadian case study of teachers addressing the hypocritical application of restorative justice in their school. Australian Educational Researcher, 20(3), 1-15. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s13384-018-0286-7

Ryan, T. G., & Ruddy, S. (2015). Restorative justice: A changing community response. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 7(2), 253-261. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/1673951355?accountid=12085

Swanberg, D. (2003). Why A.D.H.D. doesn't mean disaster. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers.

Valero, R. P., Calderón-López, S., Martín-Seoane, G., & Lucas-Molina, B. (2014). Implementación de un programa de mediación escolar: Análisis de las dificultades percibidas y propuestas de mejora1/Implementation of a school mediation program: Analyzing the perceived difficulties and ways to improve it. Revista Complutense De Educación, 25(2), 375-392. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/1556071311?accountid=12085