Research Paper Assignment Feeding and Eating Disorder

Running head: FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS 1

FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS 5

Feeding And Eating Disorders

Liberty Umiversity

COUC 546-D06

Research paper assignment: outline template

1. Abstract

Feeding and eating disorders are major causes of increased hospitalizations and mortality rates. Feeding disorders result from refusal to eat certain food types, leading to weight loss and stagnated weight. The common types of feeding and eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. These disorders result from genetic and biological factors. Feeding and treatment disorders can be treated through medications and behavioral changes in eating behaviors that lead to unhealthy feeding or eating. This paper explores the feeding and eating disorders, genetic and biological causes, and assessment of conditions.

2. Introduction Of Disorders

Feeding and eating disorders refer to disorders that hinder people from eating certain foods. When a person refuses to eat certain food groups for at least one month, it leads to retarded weight gain.

3. An Overview Of Disorders

1. Anorexia nervosa: It is an eating disorder defined by extreme food restriction and losing excess weight. Victims often express the fear of growing fat.

2. Bulimia nervosa: Refers to an eating disorder exhibited by recurrent excessive and uncontrolled impulsive eating with compensatory behaviors such as purging. Individuals eat a large amount of food within a short period and engage in compensatory behavior such as fasting and self-induced vomiting.

3. Binge eating disorder is defined by excessively uncontrolled, impulsive eating with no compensatory behavior.

4. Potential Causes

A. Genetic

1.i. Research by Himmerich et al. (2019) highlights that individuals from families where first-degree relatives have eating disorders are at a greater risk of developing eating disorders.

ii. Trace et al. (2013) 40% to 60% of liability eating disorders result from additive genetic factors.

2.i. A study by Paolacci et al. (2020) shows that anorexia nervosa has a strong genetic component that increases its heritability. A family background with an eating disorder increases the likelihood of developing an eating disorder.

ii. Bulik, Blake, and Austin (2019) indicate that anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder run in families and are inheritable. Academic support for this subtopic

B. Biological

i. Lam et al. (2017) depict that gut microbiota affects appetite and brain functioning, leading to eating disorders.

ii. According to Sjorgen (2015), neurotransmitters and neurodevelopmental systems such as the serotonin pathway influence the development of eating disorders. Serotonin controls biological processes such as body weight and eating behaviors.

2.i. Foerde et al. (2015) found that neural mechanisms influence maladaptive food choices among people suffering from anorexia nervosa disorder in the dorsal striatum and activities in the frontostriatal circuits.

ii. Individuals with eating disorders have structural brain abnormalities such as reduced gray and white matter volumes, which affect appetite and somatosensory processes (Bakalar et al., 2015).

5. Evaluating For These Disorders

The disorders are assessed through an eating disorders examination (EDE) to determine adolescents' ED symptoms in the community. Another tool is the development and well-being Assessment (DAWBA) filled by parents and self-reports.

6. Additional Ideas

Feeding and eating disorders impair the health, emotions, and proper functioning o individuals. Effective interventions and medical treatments should be sought to control the diseases and improve clinical outcomes.

7. Conclusion

Feeding and eating disorders prevent individuals from consuming certain food types, leading to weight loss or stagnated weight gain. These disorders are inherited or caused by biological factors. Standardized assessment instruments are essential to guide the treatment process and formulate interventions that will improve clinical outcomes.

References

Bakalar, J. L., Shank, L. M., Vannucci, A., Radin, R. M., & Tanofsky-Kraff, M. (2015). Recent advances in developmental and risk factor research on eating disorders. Current psychiatry reports, 17(6), 42.

Bulik, C. M., Blake, L., & Austin, J. (2019). Genetics of eating disorders: What the clinician needs to know. Psychiatric Clinics, 42(1), 59-73.

Foerde, K., Steinglass, J. E., Shohamy, D., & Walsh, B. T. (2015). Neural mechanisms supporting maladaptive food choices in anorexia nervosa. Nature neuroscience, 18(11), 1571-1573.

Himmerich, H., Bentley, J., Kan, C., & Treasure, J. (2019). Genetic risk factors for eating disorders: an update and insights into pathophysiology. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 9, 2045125318814734.

Lam, Y. Y., Maguire, S., Palacios, T., & Caterson, I. D. (2017). Are the gut bacteria telling us to eat or not to eat? Reviewing the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology, disease progression and treatment of eating disorders. Nutrients, 9(6), 602.

Paolacci, S., Kiani, A. K., Manara, E., Beccari, T., Ceccarini, M. R., Stuppia, L., ... & Bertelli, M. (2020). Genetic contributions to the etiology of anorexia nervosa: New perspectives in molecular diagnosis and treatment. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine, e1244.

Sjogren, M. (2015). A Brief Review of the Biology of Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry, 4(4), 00222.

Trace, S. E., Baker, J. H., Peñas-Lledó, E., & Bulik, C. M. (2013). The genetics of eating disorders. Annual review of clinical psychology, 9, 589-620.