Environmental Science
Sample Outline for Position Paper:
1. Introduction
___A. Introduce the topic 2
___B. Provide history or background on the topic 2
Ideally, looking at the state of most present-day cities and compare it with the previous years, one is likely to see an increase in the number of cars in the roads. This aspect has further been attributed to increase in the need to move quickly from various place to places while the number of cars is also attributed to the value ascribed to someone who owns it/them. It is from this increase in number of cars that we witness an increase in pollution owing to the fumes they produced as a result of the carbon-based fuels that they run on
___C. Describe your view of the issue (thesis) 3
This discussion explores some of the possibilities that makes cars be associated with increased air pollution in major cities across the world. Moreover, it seeks to address some of the major concerns that humans have to battle with as a result of this concern.
2. Opposing Argument
___A. Briefly describe some of the counter arguments 1
Not all pollution in major cities is associated with cars. This is because there exist other sources such as industries.
When used correctly with frequent maintenance cars would probably not be involved in pollution.
Cars have immensely helped in the transportation and movement of people from place to place thereby we cannot do away with them.
___B. List some facts or details that support the counter claim 2
Industrial pollution is majorly to blame for the increasing number of air pollution in major cities.
Car pollution alone cannot lead to major cases of air pollution in the cities (Bergstra, brunekreef and burdof).
___C. Refute the opposing view using facts or details that support your side 2
The claim might not be the case because car pollution contribute significantly to the cases of pollution.
3. Your Argument - 3 Points of Attack, try to make your points directly refute the counter
argument points when possible.
___A. State the first point of your argument 1
Car pollution is a greater contributor of global air pollution.
_____1. Give your personal opinion about the point 3
There is an increasing number of cars in our roads that has led to this issue of pollution.
_____2. Provide evidence, research, testimony, other detail that support your opinion 3
Union of concerned scientists claim that Transportation is a major source of air pollution in the United States.
___B. State the second point of your argument 1
Car pollution has greatly led to the rise in respiratory diseases
_____1. Give your personal opinion about the point 3
The fumes produced by cars have greatly made many people to develop complications.
_____2. Provide evidence, research, testimony, other detail that support your opinion 3
With the increase of numbers of cars in the roads, we are also witnessing an increase in the number of respiratory cases.
___C. State the third point of your argument 1
We can do away with a large number of cars in the cities by adopting the use of buses
_____1. Give your personal opinion about the point 3
Using buses reduces the number of cars on the road thereby reducing the number of pollution from cars.
_____2. Provide evidence, research, testimony, other detail that support your opinion 3
When many people share one Bus, they save on fuel which could have otherwise been used by about 50 cars which could have led to enormous amount of pollution.
4. Conclusion
___A. Restate both sides of the argument 2
Car pollution remains to be a greater contributor of pollution in our towns and major cities
___B. Summarize your three argument points 2
Car pollution is a greater contributor of global air pollution.
Car pollution has greatly led to the rise in respiratory diseases.
We can do away with a large number of cars in the cities by adopting the use of buses.
___C. Provide a plan of action 3
People should see the need to adopt alternative means of transportation such as trains and buses to minimize cases of air pollution from cars.
Work cited
Bergstra, A.D., Brunekreef, B. & Burdorf, A. The effect of industry-related air pollution on lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. Environ Health 17, 30 (2018). Https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0373-2. Retrieved from https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-018-0373-2#citeas
Union of concerned scientists. Cars, Trucks, Buses and Air Pollution. Retrieved from https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/cars-trucks-buses-and-air-pollution