Research paper Outline

TOPIC: Nursing Shortages

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare demands are increasing because of a wide variety of reason, however our country is coming up short. It is not a consequence of resources, economics, or infrastructure, it is a due to a decline in the primary care nursing workforce. Some of the issues are obvious, such as the increase of patient to nurse ratio or decline in overall population health. Yet, the more damaging cause of nursing shortages can be attributed to an aging workforce, poor workforce generation, misdistribution of providers in urban and rural areas, and poor payment and career incentives. The purpose of this paper is to the identify the economic impacts of nursing shortages.

OVERVIEW OF ISSUE (annualreview.org, ncbi.nlm.nig.gov)

Decline of Nursing as a career choice

nursing profession turnover/career burnout

family or relationship problems

Underestimating community healthcare needs

nurse to patient ratios

aging workforce

Physical and emotional stress or abuse

combative patients

grieving family members

II. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS (annualreview.org, Burke 2015 economic austerity)

A. Affordable Care Act

1. lower quality of provided healthcare

B. Hospital restructuring

1. budget cuts

2. non-profit vs. private hospitals

C. Job security threats

1. job insecurity

a. emotional exhaustion

b. professional efficacy

III. MAJOR PARTIES INVOLVED (Schaffer, 2015)

A. Employer

1. recruiting practices

a. corporate and social responsibility

b. economic market changes

2. Power imbalance

a. the “need” vs. the “want” for a job

B. Employee

1. foreign educated nurses

a. breech fees

2. WHO Global Code of Practice

C. Patients

1. New York Nurses strike

2. patient and provider relationship

IV. IMPACT OF MARKET FORCES (Buerhaus, 2007)

A. Short-run

1. Increasing work force participation

a. increase of hours worked

2. Income

b. substitution and income effects

B. Long-run

1. size of future workforce

a. attractiveness of nursing career

2. Foreign educated and trained nurses

a. accounted for 30 percent growth

V. SUPPLY (Snavely, 2016)

A. 2009 recession

1. equilibrium for nursing profession

a. healthcare sector gained 428,000 jobs

B. Reduction of nursing education programs

1. 80,000 bachelorette applicants turned away

a. budget cuts

b. faculty vacancies

VI. DEMAND (Snavely, 2016)

A. Chronic care management

1. baby boomer generation

a. elderly population to increase

B. Affordable Care Act

1. eligible healthcare recipients will triple

a. possible catastrophic work force shortage

VII. NURSING SHORTAGE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET (Abhicharttibutra, 2016, Wong 2015)

A. World Health Organization (WHO)

1. National and global organizational support

2. Globalization/International alliances

a. International Council of Nurses

B. Government Policy

1. Nurses excluded from policy formation

2. Thailand’s Plan for Increasing Production and Development of Educational Management in Nursing (PIPDEMN)

C. Shortage of healthcare workers not a primary policy agenda

a. Europe

b. Asia

c. North and South America

VIII. RECOMENDATIONS

A. Education

1. Better funding

a. longterm bugeting

2. Continued education for faculty

a. masters and doctorate level programs

B. Workforce development

1. managing migration of foreign workers

a. determining future workforce hiring demands

C. Competitive employment incentives

1. public vs. private hospitals

a. salaries

b. continued education programs

2. work environment

CONCLUSION:

The nursing work force has been facing an extreme deficit caused by numerous factors, such as economic shortcomings. Nurses who recently graduate from a program are a disadvantage because the need for employment out weighs the conditions set by the employer. Also, employers are willing to hire less qualified applicants because of a continued decline in funding nursing education programs. Additionally, the nursing shortage is not just a national epidemic, but is even a problem at the international level. The WHO has identified that several factors are impacting the nursing profession. Excluding nurses from the development of government polices as shown to be the most detrimental practice to nurses. The government of Thailand identified this problems and instituted the policy Plan for Increasing Production and Development of Educational Management in Nursing (PIPDEMN).

References:

Abhicharttibutra, K., Kunaviktikul, W., Turale, S., Wichaikhum, O., & Srisuphan, W. (2016). Analysis of a government policy to address nursing shortage and nursing education quality. International Nursing Review, 64(1), 22-32. doi:10.1111/inr.12257

Snavely, T. M. (2016). A brief economic analysis of the looming nursing shortage in the united states. Nursing Economics, 34(2), 98-100. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/1783691674?accountid=8289

Buerhaus, P. I., Auerbach, D. I., & Staiger, D. O. (2007). Recent trends in the registered nurse labor market in the U.S.: Short-run swings on top of long-term trends. Nursing Economics, 25(2), 59-66, 55; quiz 67. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/236938407?accountid=8289

Burke, R. J., Ng, E. S., & Wolpin, J. (2015). Economic austerity and healthcare restructuring: correlates and consequences of nursing job insecurity. International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 26(5), 640-656. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.921634

Fischer, Kathleen M, RN,B.S.N., J.D. (2016). HOW THE EDUCATIONAL FUNDING PROVISIONS OF THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT WILL AFFECT THE NURSING SHORTAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 11(1), 54-77. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1793543605?accountid=8289

Schaffer, F. A. (2015). Business Case for Ethical Recruitment. Nurse Leader, 13(5), 40-48. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2015.07.015

Wong, Frances Kam Yuet,PhD., R.N., Liu, Huaping,PhD., R.N., Wang, Hui,PhD., R.N., Anderson, Debra,PhD., R.N., Seib, Charrlotte,PhD., R.N., & Molasiotis, Alex,PhD., R.N. (2015). Global nursing issues and development: Analysis of world health organization documents. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(6), 574-583. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1111/jnu.12174

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182508

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/