essay

OUTLINE: The Effects of Racism in the USA

INTRODUCTION:

· Lower incomes and higher rates of poverty, combined with difficulties in getting mortgage approval, mean that homeownership rates for Black Americans remain low. (Gal, Kiersz)

· A 2019 study by executive-staffing firm Crist Kolder associates looked at the CEOs of Fortune 500 and S&P 500 companies. Only 8.7% of the 675 companies in the study had CEOs of color. (Gal, Kiersz)

· As of 2020, only four Fortune 500 companies have Black CEOs: pharmaceutical company Merck & Co., home improvement retailer Lowe's, fashion holding company Tapestry, and insurance company TIAA. (Gal, Kiersz)

· In 2018, Black inmates made up roughly 33% of the country's prison population — yet just 12% of the US's total population. White inmates, meanwhile, made up 30% of the prison population and 60% of the country's total population. (Gal, Kiersz)

· As of June 12, 2,469 white people had been fatally shot since 2015 at rate of 13 per million, whereas 1,293 Black people were fatally shot at a rate of 31 per million. (Gal, Kiersz)

· In 2018, the average Black worker earned just 62% of what the average white worker made. (Gal, Kiersz)

· Similarly, overall income for Black Americans was about 42% lower than for whites in 2018. (Gal, Kiersz)

· There's a similar disparity at the household level. Lower incomes mean that the poverty rate for Black families is over twice that of white families. (Gal, Kiersz)

· Based on income figures from 2018, it would take the median black woman worker 226 extra days into a new year to earn what a median white male worker made in the previous year. (Gal, Kiersz)

· Only 15% of Black students from less-educated households went on to finish college, well below the 25% of white children who earned a degree. (Gal, Kiersz)

· Black people are 6.77 times more likely to be under parole supervision than white people, the Justice Lab found. They are also 4.99 times more likely than white people to be re-incarcerated due to "technical" parole violations (Gal, Kiersz).

THESIS STATEMENT:

Because of racism African Americans cannot get good jobs, cannot afford homes, and cannot get good medical treatment.

BODY:

I. Topic Sentence: One of the effects that African Americans suffer from is the labor market, and they cannot get a stable job easily.

Support Details:

· Blacks face more unemployment rates, fewer jobs, fewer wages, and fewer benefits (E.Weller)

· 84% of black mothers are breadwinners. They have very low wages. (E.Weller)

· Blacks get paid much less than whites. The average weekly earnings for blacks are $ 727compared to $ 943 for whites from July to September 2019. (E.Weller)

· Blacks face discrimination in the labor market. (E.Weller)

· Reason of suffering from the labor market is blacks are less likely to go to college and they face the financial consequences of getting a college education. (E.Weller)

· The causes of this problem are many, including the riots in Black Wall Street in 1921 and racial terrorism.

· Black women earn 61.9 cents for every dollar that white men earn. (E.Weller)

II. Topic Sentence: Racism make it very hard for African Americans families to afford homes.

Support Details:

· African American families can only purchase 25% of the homes for sale (Kearns)

· The most affordable metro areas for African American families were Memphis, Atlanta and San Antonio, all cities where the typical African American family could afford more than 40 percent of the homes for sale. For comparison, the typical white family in Memphis could afford more than 80 percent of the homes, while the typical African American family could afford just 48.7 percent.

· Home prices rise 70% after the 2012 housing crash recovered. (Kearns)

· Black Americans were the most affected by the crash in 2008 and had difficulty returning home ownership. (Kearns)

· The rise was outside the African-American budget. (Kearns)

· More debt than whites and they pay more for their loans. (E.Weller)

III. Topic Sentence: One of the serious effects of racism is that African Americans cannot get full medical services.

Support Details:

· Only 55.4% of blacks had health insurance in 2018, (E.Weller)

· From 1932 to 1972, public health tracked 600 from the low- income African American men, 400 of them had syphilis. (Frakt)

· Providing false treatments to blacks, which led to the transmission of the disease to family members. (Frakt)

· It is difficult for blacks to trust the health system. (Frakt)

· Black men are more likely to die at a younger age. (Frakt)

· Thousands of black women are sterilized without their consent. (Frakt)

· Blacks are less likely to receive treatment for cardiovascular disease. (Frakt)

· African American men have the worst health outcomes of any demographic

CONCLUSION:

· Main topic: The effects of racism in the USA

· Main points: labor market, afford home, medical treatment.

· Difficulty getting a job for African American and the reasons

· Hard to afford homes for African American

· No good treatments for African American