Literature Review; total of 16 pages that will include introduction, findings, conclusion, recommendations, and suggestions.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1

LITERATURE REVIEW 5

Literature Review Outline: Impact of Technology on Job Design

I. Introduction.

A. Preface: Over the years, innovations and advancements in technology have significantly impacted job design and the overall labor market. On the one hand, many workers have been replaced since technology has automated many manual and routine tasks. On the other hand, other workers have become more productive since technology has complemented their non-routine, social, and cognitive tasks (Caple, 2018).

B. Thesis: So far, technology has polarized the labor market and increased wage inequality. Hence, there are heightened concerns regarding the future of job design amid increasing automation and the development of high-skill jobs.

II. Findings.

A. Impact of technology on organization and work structures.

1) Review of how machine learning and artificial intelligence reshape organization work structures and business processes (Gibbs, 2017).

2) Review of how platforms like Uber and Airbnb are encouraging innovation by delivering alternative processes and structures.

B. Impact of technology on job design.

1) Increase in the centralization of specific jobs.

2) The discovery of new ways to appraise and monitor job design workers (Holland & Bardoel, 2016).

C. Labor market polarization.

1) Aspect one: Middle-skill jobs have been hollowed out while high and low-skill employment has increased.

2) Aspect two: there has been a rise in wage inequality with a drop in prominence in middle-skill jobs.

D. Pros and cons of the impact of technology on job design.

1) List of pros such as increased productivity and automation of repetitive tasks.

2) List of cons such as increased wage inequality and job losses (Gibbs, 2017).

III. Conclusion.

A. Concluding Remarks: Technology has polarized the labor market and increased wage inequality. Hence, there are heightened concerns regarding the future of job design amid increasing automation and the development of high-skill jobs.

B. Recommendations.

1) Promote continual learning for workers to continue being marketable with changes in technology.

2) Regular review of the business and operating models. In which organization strategies are revised to keep up with the constantly changing nature of work.

3) Regular comprehensive reviews of organizations to deduce the tasks that may be automated in the future and the relevant skills people require to stay ahead of these changes (Daniels et al., 2017).

C. Suggestions for Further Study: Technology’s long-term impact should be investigated to evaluate its psychological and physical effect on workers.

References

Caple, D. (2018). Impact of new technology on job design, skill profiling and assessing the physical, cognitive and psychosocial impacts on the workforce. In Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (pp. 87-91). Springer, Cham.

Daniels, K., Gedikli, C., Watson, D., Semkina, A., & Vaughn, O. (2017). Job design, employment practices and well-being: A systematic review of intervention studies. Ergonomics, 60(9), 1177-1196.

Gibbs, M. (2017). How is new technology changing job design?. IZA World of Labor, 1(1).

Holland, P., & Bardoel, A. (2016). The impact of technology on work in the twenty-first century: exploring the smart and dark side. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(21), 2579-2581.