annotated bibliography 1

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RESEARCH TOPIC Comment by Karissa: This should not be in all caps. Additionally, the font size for the cover page should be 12, not 16. Remember that page numbers start on the cover page.

Student’s Name: Voke Otitigbe

Department of General Education, Felbry College of Nursing

ENGL 102: English Composition II

Ms. Karissa Doughty

Oct. 2, 2020

Rubric: Comment by Karissa: Voke, as always, your prose is strong, engaging, and very well-written. I always enjoy reading your writing. Thank you for following the criteria of Option 1. You did this very well and understood what I was looking for. Thank you! I agree with your choice to write about evidence-based practice. The issue with healthcare diversity, as you pointed out, is the lack of resources that can help you support your argument. You’ll have a much easier time supporting yourself and finding quality evidence by writing about evidence-based practices. Thank you again for your continued hard work!

Criteria	30/30
APA Formatting	19/20
Content	30/30
Grammar and Spelling	5/5
Voice and Style	15/15
Total	99/100

Topic 1: Evidence-Based Practices

Sackett (1996), described evidence-based practice as “the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.” Evidence-based practices in nursing and the general medical field has developed over a long period to now incorporate the best research evidence, the features of the practice where the health professionals work, the patient’s individual circumstances and values as well as the clinical expertise.

Exploring this topic requires extensive research and the use of a wide range of academic resources. To comprehensively cover this topic, I would use journal articles from different medical and nursing data bases. Internet sources are also important since most of them contain updated information and their applications in different countries. By researching this topic, I think I will find the broad coverage and application of the evidence-based practices. Evidence-based practices are not only concerned with the application of best research evidence to decision making, but also the use of training, skills, and experience that one has as a health provider or professional while considering the values and situation of the patient as well as the context of practice where one is working (Mackey & Bassendowski 2017). Comment by Karissa: Don’t forget the comma between the authors’ names and the year of publication.

One of the biggest challenges in researching this topic is tracing the events that occurred before evidence-based practices. Essentially, before evidence-based practices, health care professionals depended on what they were taught as students, their intuition, the advice of more experienced colleagues as well as taking at face value. In the contemporary field of health science, relying on older and more knowledgeable individuals as a primary source of information can provide incorrect, biased, and outdated data.

Evidence-based practices are vital since they focus on the provision of the most effective care that will enhance patient outcomes. In most health care organizations, patients expect to receive the most effective health care based on the evidence-based practices (Memtsoudis, Poeran & Kehlet 2019). Besides, evidence-based practices promote an attitude of inquiry in healthcare providers that will ensure that finite health resources are widely leveraged, and the most relevant evidence is applied in decision making about funding healthcare services. Some of the limitations of evidence-based practices is that healthcare practitioners are supposed to develop new skills in appraising and seeking evidence, a practice that takes a significant amount of effort and time. After an extensive research on evidence-based practices, I think I will have a different and better perspective on its application in healthcare. Comment by Karissa: See previous comment

Topic 2: Healthcare diversity

At the healthcare level, there is underrepresentation of ethnic, gender, and cultural diversity in leadership, service delivery, and training. To serve the needs of a diverse population, it is critical for healthcare systems to develop measures and strategies to improve ethnic and racial diversity as well as cultural competence. The research on healthcare delivery will revolve around how to ensure that all perspectives, ethnicities, beliefs, and backgrounds are sufficiently represented in the healthcare system.

From the research, I think I will find how diversity is promoted in healthcare and the advantages as well as the disadvantages of health care diversity. Diversity in the workplace has have multiple benefits for the health patients, staff, and employers (Johnson et.al 2018). With diversity, better care for diverse populations is guaranteed. A healthcare staff ought to be more diverse than the patient base they are serving. With such diversity, it will be easy to identify the diverse population, communicate with them, and serve their individual needs better.

Healthcare diversity guarantee between recruitment and stronger individual motivation. A commitment to diversity facilitates the recruitment of new administrative staff and healthcare workers. It enables healthcare organization and management to cast a broader net to attract new talent while providing a more robust hiring proposition for applicants who may consider running a clinic or hospital. Comment by Karissa: Consider rephrasing this sentence. It’s currently presenting as a sentence fragment.

With diversity, the organization guarantees its employees stronger individual motivation. When there is no diversity, minority healthcare workers cannot express their distinctive personality traits and talents (Maldonado & Licari 2019). A diverse work environment implies that the ethnic and cultural background of a worker is an advantage that ought to be observed and respected. Different online sites and academic sources will facilitate the research on healthcare diversity. Diverse sources ought to be leveraged to ensure a comprehensive coverage.

Lack of detailed and up to date information about this topic from the internet can pose a challenge to the research. Specifically, it will be difficult to explore the risk associated with lacking healthcare diversity. Just as healthcare diversity has its merits, major risks can be attributed to the lack of diversity. They include communication breakdown inform of differences in cultural norms, difference in philosophy, language barrier, as well as cultural bias. Basically, the less diverse an organization’s medical staff is today, the more difficult it will be to promote it within the team in the coming days.

From the two topics, health diversity and evidence-based practice, I would like to focus on evidenc- based practice since is highly applicable in today’s nursing profession, also it is among the fundamental concepts utilized by nurses in their practice and also in medical research. Comment by Karissa: This is a comma splice. This occurs when a single comma joins two complete sentences. You can resolve this by using a period or semicolon instead, or you can add a conjunction word to the comma.

References Comment by Karissa: This should be centered and bold.

Johnson, A., Nguyen, H., Groth, M., & White, L. (2018). Reaping the rewards of functional diversity in healthcare teams: Why team processes improve performance. Group & Organization Management, 43(3), 440-474.

Mackey, A., & Bassendowski, S. (2017). The history of evidence-based practice in nursing education and practice. Journal of Professional Nursing, 33(1), 51-55.

Maldonado, L., & Licari, T. (2019). Cultural Diversity in Healthcare [Radiologic Technology].

Memtsoudis, S. G., Poeran, J., & Kehlet, H. (2019). Enhanced recovery after surgery in the United States: from evidence-based practice to uncertain science? Jama, 321(11), 1049-1050. Comment by Karissa: Capitalize the first letter of the subtitle