Construction Safety

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 1 of 10 Sample Lesson Plan: Tools – Hand and Power Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

IDENTIFICATION

TOPIC TITLE: ___Tools – Hand and Power__________________________________________

MINIMUM TIME: ____30 minutes_________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES

Terminal Objective:

Given best practices and current OSHA and industry information regarding worksite illnesses, injuries, and/or fatalities, the student will be able to recognize how to protect themselves from hazards associated with the use of tools (i.e., hand and power).

Enabling Objectives:

1. Identify various types of tools commonly used at construction worksites. 2. Describe types of hazards associated with the use of tools. 3. Describe guarding requirements (i.e., techniques and principles) for various types of tools. 4. Describe safe operation methods while working with various types of tools. 5. Recognize employer requirements to protect workers from tool hazards.

INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

 PowerPoint Presentation: Hand and Power Tools  Knowledge Check Answer Key: Hand and Power Tools

STUDENT MATERIALS

 OSHA Fact Sheet

 Knowledge Check: Hand and Power Tools

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TEACHING PROCEDURES ---Preparation, Presentation, Application, Evaluation

Anticipatory Set (Focus Attention/Gain Interest) Estimated Time: ?? hours

Key Points Methods

A 22-year-old carpenter’s apprentice was killed when he was struck in

the head by a nail fired from a powder-actuated nail gun. The nail gun

operator fired the gun while attempting to anchor a plywood concrete

form, causing the nail to pass through the hollow form. The nail traveled

27 feet before striking the victim. The nail gun operator had never

received training on how to use the tool, and none of the employees in

the area was wearing PPE. (OSHA Fatal Facts Report)

Hand and power tools are a part of our everyday lives and help us to

easily perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible.

However, these simple tools can be hazardous, and have the potential for

causing severe injuries when used or maintained improperly. Special

attention toward hand and power tool safety is necessary in order to

reduce or eliminate these hazards. Employees using hand and power tools

are exposed to hazards of falling, flying, abrasive or splashing materials,

as well as harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors or gases. Workers must be

provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to guard against

injury. All electrical connections for tools must be suitable for the type of

tool and the working conditions (e.g. wet, dusty, flammable vapors).

Employees should be trained in the proper use of all tools. Workers

should be able to recognize the hazards associated with the different

types of tools and the safety precautions necessary.

Case study

PPT slides #1 – #4

Instructor-led

discussion

Presentation (Instruction)______________________ Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

I. Types of Tools

A. Manually operated hand tools

1. Wrenches

2. Impact tools – drift pins, wedges, chisels

3. Hammers

4. Screw drivers

Instructor-led

discussion

PPT slides #5 – #6

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B. Power-operated tools

1. Electrical

i. Cord or battery

ii. Examples – drills, saws, grinders

2. Pneumatic

i. Powered by compressed air

ii. Examples – nailers, chippers, drills, sanders, and

staplers

3. Liquid fuel

i. Powered by fuel, usually gasoline

ii. Example – chainsaw, weed-eater, drills, blowers,

edgers, augers

4. Hydraulic

i. Fluid provides medium for power transfer

ii. Example – hydraulic jack

5. Powder-actuated

i. Operates like a loaded gun

ii. Example – nailer, riveter, framing tool, and other

fastener tools

II. Hazards Associated with Hand and Power Tools

C. Types of hazards

1. Struck-by hazards from flying, falling, impact, or abrasive

objects

2. Electrical shock or electrocution

3. Caught-in hazards with tools that have moving parts

4. Exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases

5. Tripping or slipping hazards

6. Contact with sharp edges, or protruding objects that cause

cuts, punctures, or contusions

D. Exposure to hazards

1. Using the wrong tool for the job

2. Using a tool the wrong way

3. Using damaged or broken tools

4. Using tools that are dull

5. Using spark-producing tools near flammable sources

6. Using power tools with moving parts that are not properly

guarded

PPT slides #7 – #11

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7. Using electrical tools that are not properly grounded

8. Not wearing appropriate PPE

III. Guarding techniques for hand and power tools

E. Guard exposed moving parts of power tools.

F. Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels,

chains, or other moving parts.

G. Never remove a guard when a tool is in use.

H. Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating

parts.

I. Guard the operator and others from flying chips and sparks.

J. Appropriate guards must be in place to prevent operator from

coming in contact with saw blades.

K. Guard an abrasive wheel so that the minimal amount of the

wheel is exposed, and ensure the guard is properly aligned with

the wheel.

III. Precautions for safe use of hand and power tools

A. Basic hand and power tool safety practices

1. Always keep tools in good condition with regular

maintenance.

2. Use the right tool for the job.

3. Examine each tool for any damage before using it and, if

the tool is damaged, don’t use it.

4. Follow manufacturers’ instructions when using tools and

use them the right way. This includes using the guards

that are part of a tool.

5. Always wear the right PPE and use it properly.

B. Precautions for all hand and power tools

1. Keep the floors in the work clean and free from any debris

that could cause tripping or slipping.

2. Keep work areas well lit.

3. Use the proper PPE, such as safety glasses, respiratory

protection, and gloves, for protection from falling, flying,

abrasive, and splashing objects or materials and from

harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases.

4. Keep all cutting tools sharp.

PPT slides #12 – #14

PPT slides #15 – #28

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5. Keep all tools clean and well-maintained.

6. Inspect all tools for defects and remove any broken or

damaged tools from service.

7. Use tools only for the purposes for which they were

designed and use tools the right way.

C. Precautions for power tools

1. Disconnect tools from power source when not in use,

before servicing and cleaning them, and when changing

accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters.

2. Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe

distance from the work area.

3. Secure work with clamps or a vise so that both hands are

free to operate the tool.

4. Avoid accidental starting; do not hold fingers on the switch

button while carrying a tool that is still attached to its

power source.

5. Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety

switches.

6. Be sure to maintain good footing and balance when

operating power tools.

7. Wear proper clothing for the task; do not wear loose

clothing, ties, or jewelry when working in an area or a tool

that has moving parts.

8. Safeguard exposed moving parts of power tools, including

belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums,

flywheels, chains, or other reciprocating, rotating, or

moving parts of equipment.

D. Electric tools

1. Electric tools that are damaged must be removed from

service and tagged “Do Not Use.”

2. To protect a worker from shock, electrical tools must:

i. have a three-pronged plug that is used with a

grounded receptacle;

ii. be double-insulated; or

iii. be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

3. Never remove the third prong (grounding pin) from a

three-prong plug. An adapter may be used to

accommodate a two-prong receptacle, but it must be

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attached to a known ground.

4. Do NOT:

i. pull cords to disconnect tool from outlet

ii. use cords to hoist or lower tools

iii. carry portable tools by the cord

iv. run cords across walkways and traffic areas

5. Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp

edges.

6. Store electrical tools in a dry place and do NOT use in

damp or wet locations, unless they are approved for that

purpose.

7. Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) or Assured

Equipment Ground Conductor (AEGC) program.

E. Abrasive wheels and tools

1. Equip with guards that:

i. cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections;

ii. maintain proper alignment with the wheel; and

iii. do not exceed the strength of the fastenings.

2. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted:

i. inspect it for damage; and

ii. sound- or ring-test it to ensure that it is free from

cracks or defects.

3. Follow manufacturer recommendations for operating

speeds.

4. Allow the abrasive wheel to accelerate to operating speed

before beginning grinding or cutting work to prevent

disintegration or explosion during start-up.

5. Do not stand in front of the grinding wheel as it comes up

to speed; use eye and/or face protection.

6. Properly adjust the work rest (1/8” opening) on grinding

tools and use it to support the work and prevent it from

being jammed.

F. Pneumatic tools

1. Use same precautions with air hose as with electric cords

2. Check that the tool is fastened securely to the air hose to

prevent them from being disconnected and use a positive

locking device as an added safeguard.

1910.215(d)(1)

1910.215(a)(4)

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3. Pneumatic tools that shoot nails, rivets, staples, or similar

fasteners must be equipped with a special device to keep

fastener from being accidently ejected.

4. Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from

being struck by flying fragments.

5. Do not use compressed air for cleaning off clothing and

never point compressed air guns at anyone

G. Fuel-powered tools

1. Handle, transport, and store gas or fuel in approved

flammable liquid containers only.

2. Shut down the engine and allow it to cool before refilling a

fuel-powered tool tank.

3. Provide satisfactory ventilation or appropriate respiratory

protection when using these tools inside a closed area.

H. Powder-actuated tools

1. Need to be treated with extreme caution, like a loaded gun

2. Must be trained. Only employees who have been trained in

the operation of the particular tool in use shall be allowed

to operate a powder-actuated tool.

3. Wear suitable ear, eye, and face protection.

4. Select either a high-velocity or low-velocity powder level

that is appropriate for the tool and task without applying

excessive force.

5. Test the tool each day before loading to ensure the safety

devices are working properly.

6. Inspect tool before each use to make sure that it is clean,

the moving parts operate freely, the barrel is free from

obstructions, and the proper shield, guard, and

attachments are in place.

7. Immediately remove from service any defective tool and

do not use until properly repaired.

8. Do not load tools until just prior to use.

9. Never point the tool (loaded or empty) at any employee.

10. Keep hands clear of the open barrel end.

11. Never leave loaded tools unattended.

12. Do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle materials;

and, avoid driving into easily penetrated materials unless

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they are backed by an impenetrable backing.

13. Do not drive fastener into a spalled area.

14. Do not use tools in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.

15. Use manufacturer-recommended correct shield, guard, or

attachment on tools.

16. Store tool unloaded and in a locked box.

IV. Employer Requirements

A. Comply with OSHA standards related to hand and power tools,

including:

1. Training requirements

2. Inspection requirements

B. Comply with manufacturers’ requirements and

recommendations for all hand and power tools.

PPT slide #29

Application (How students apply what they learn) __ Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

Have students inspect various hand and power tools (or pictures of tools)

and report on any safety issues that they find, as well as how they

would fix the problem.

PPT slides #30 – #33

Evaluation/Summary Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

Knowledge Check: Hand and Power Tools

Questioning

PPT slides #34 – #38

10-hour Construction Outreach

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References

OSHA Standard: https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=STANDARDS&p_toc_level=1 &p_keyvalue=Construction

 1926 Subpart I - Tools - Hand and Power

1926.300 - General requirements.

1926.301 - Hand tools.

1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

1926.303 - Abrasive wheels and tools.

1926.304 - Woodworking tools.

1926.305 - Jacks-lever and ratchet, screw, and hydraulic.

1926.306 - Air receivers.

1926.307 - Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.

OSHA Publications

https://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.athruz?pType=Industry&pID=94

 Amputation Fact Sheet (English: PDF)

 Amputations: Safeguarding Equipment and Protecting Employees from Amputations (OSHA 3170 - 2007) (English: HTML PDF)

 Hand and Power Tools (OSHA 3080 - 2002) (English: HTML PDF)

https://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.arthruz?pType=Industry&pID=317

 Nail Gun Safety: A Guide for Construction Contractors (OSHA 3459 - 2011) (English: EPUB MOBI PDF) (OSHA 3505 - 2012) (Spanish: EPUB MOBI PDF)

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OSHA References/Resources

 Woodworking eTool (2002), OSHA eTools, https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/woodworking/index.html

 Carbon Monoxide in Construction: Portable Gas-Powered Equipment (2011), OSHA video, https://www.osha.gov/dts/vtools/construction/carbonmonoxide_fnl_eng_web.html

 Workbench Grinder Wheel Explodes: 1 Fatality (2005), OSHA video, https://www.osha.gov/video/shipyard_accidents/07_improper_equipment_use.html