Construction Safety

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 1 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

IDENTIFICATION

TOPIC TITLE: ___Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal________________________

MINIMUM TIME: ___30 minutes__________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES

Terminal Objective:

Given best practices and current OSHA and industry information regarding worksite illnesses, injuries, and/or fatalities, the student will be able to recognize how to protect themselves from hazards associated with material handling.

Enabling Objectives:

1. Identify types of material handling equipment. 2. Describe hazards associated with material handling activities (e.g., storage, use, and

disposal). 3. Identify methods to prevent hazards associated with material handling equipment. 4. Recognize employer requirements to protect workers from material handling hazards.

INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

 PowerPoint presentation: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal  Knowledge Check Answer Key: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal

STUDENT MATERIALS

 Fact Sheet

 Knowledge Check: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 2 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

TEACHING PROCEDURES ---Preparation, Presentation, Application, Evaluation

Anticipatory Set (Focus Attention/Gain Interest) Estimated Time: ?? hours

Key Points Methods

Handling and storing materials involves operations such as hoisting steel with a crane, driving a truck loaded with concrete blocks, manually carrying bags, and stacking drums, lumber or loose bricks.

Improper handling and storing of materials can cause costly injuries.

Workers frequently cite the weight and bulkiness of objects being lifted as causes of their injuries. Bending, twisting and turning are movements that cause back injuries. Back injuries account for over 20 percent of all occupational illnesses. The majority of over-exertion cases with lost-workdays are due to lifting, pushing/pulling, and

carrying. Those cases represent 27 percent of all lost-workday cases.

PPT slides #1 – #3

Presentation (Instruction)______________________ Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

I. Types of Materials Handling Equipment

A. Conveyors

B. Cranes

C. Slings

D. Powered Industrial Trucks

II. Hazards Associated with Materials Handling Activities

A. Factors cited by workers as contributors to injuries

1. Major contributors – weight and bulkiness of objects

2. Other common contributors – bending, twisting, and

turning movements.

PPT slides #4 – #5

PPT slides #6 – #14

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 3 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

B. Hazards

1. Improper operation of equipment, such as forklifts,

cranes, and work trucks

2. Accumulated materials or clutter that present

tripping hazards, fire/explosion hazards, or hazards

associated with the harboring of rats and other pests

3. Unsafe conditions of materials or containers, such as

protruding nails, dry rot, or deteriorated containers

4. Flammability or toxicity of some materials

5. Weight of materials in excess of capabilities of lifting

equipment, floors, or storage shelves

6. Improperly cutting of binding ties or other devices

that secure bundles or bound materials

7. Falling objects from improper handling or storage

8. Lifting, pushing, pulling, or otherwise manually

moving large, heavy items

9. Improperly stacked materials that have a potential to

slide, fall, or collapse leading to struck-by or

crushed-by incidents

10. Struck-by or caught-in/-between hazards related to

equipment, machinery, or falling loads

C. Injuries associated with materials handling

3. Commonly reported injuries

a. Sprains, strains, tears

b. Soreness and pain

c. Bruises and contusions

d. Cuts, lacerations, and punctures

4. Events or exposures leading to injuries include, but

are not limited to:

a. Contact with objects and equipment

b. Overexertion

c. Falls, slips, trips, or loss of balance

d. Transportation incidents

e. Exposure to harmful substances or

environments

f. Repetitive motion

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 4 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

III. Preventing Hazards Associated with Material Handling

Equipment

A. Cranes

1. Handling and storing materials often involves

operations such as hoisting tons of material, steel,

and concrete with cranes. Only thoroughly trained

and competent workers are permitted to operate

cranes.

2. Use the following methods to eliminate or reduce

hazards of crane operations:

a. Operators should know how much they are lifting,

how much it weighs, the rated capacity of the

crane, and when a load is safe to lift.

b. Always check for crane load chart and do not

exceed load limits for the operating conditions.

c. A qualified person must inspect equipment that

has been modified, repaired, or adjusted and must

inspect equipment post-assembly and at least

every 12 months; equipment not in regular use

must be inspected if idle for 3 months or more.

d. A competent person must begin visual inspection

of equipment prior to each shift that must be

completed before or during the shift. A monthly

inspection must also be completed before

equipment can be used.

B. Slings

1. A sling commonly connects a crane hook to a load

and is an important rigging tool.

2. To eliminate or reduce hazards, slings need to be:

a. Inspected every day before they are used and

whenever service conditions change that could

warrant another inspection;

b. Removed from service if they are found damaged

or defective in any way; and,

c. Lubricated in the field to lengthen its useful

service.

PPT slides #15 – #34

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 5 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

d. Selected for use based on the requirements of the

job. Wire rope slings are used to hoist materials.

Alloy steel chain slings are the best choice for

hoisting very hot materials.

e. Do not shorten slings with knots or bolts or other

makeshift devices and do not kink sling legs.

C. Forklifts

1. The four main causes of injuries involving forklifts

include:

a. Forklift overturns

b. Forklift striking workers on foot

c. Persons crushed by forklifts

d. Persons falling from forklifts

2. It is illegal for anyone to operate a forklift if they are

under 18 years of age or over 18 years of age and

not properly trained and certified to do so.

3. Use best practices for forklift operations, including:

a. Driving the forklift

i. Slow down and sound the horn at locations

where vision is obstructed.

ii. Look toward the travel path and keep a clear

view of it.

iii. Don’t drive up to anyone standing in front of a

bench or other fixed object.

iv. Don’t drive with the work platform elevated.

v. Use seatbelts with ROPS.

vi. Don’t raise or lower the forks while the forklift

is moving.

vii. Maintain safe distance approximately three

truck lengths from the truck ahead.

b. Elevating workers

i. Don’t use a forklift to elevate workers who are

standing on the forks.

ii. Only lift personnel with approved lift platform.

iii. Elevate a worker on an approved lift platform

only when the vehicle is directly below the

work area.

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 6 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

iv. Whenever a truck is used to elevate

personnel, secure the elevating platform to

the lifting carriage or forks of the forklift.

v. Use a restraining means, such as rails, chains,

or a body belt with a lanyard for the worker(s)

on the platform.

c. Driving on grades/ramps

i. Use extreme caution when driving on grades

or ramps.

ii. Do not turn on grades or ramps.

iii. On grades, tilt the load back and raise it only

as far as needed to clear the road surface.

iv. When ascending or descending grades are

greater than 10%, drive loaded trucks with

the load upgrade

d. Operating speed – operate forklift at a speed that

will permit it to be stopped safely.

e. Exiting the forklift

i. When dismounting, set the parking brake,

lower the forks or lifting carriage, and

neutralize the controls.

ii. Exit from a stand-up type forklift with rear-

entry access by stepping backward if a lateral

tip-over occurs.

f. Riding on the forklift – do not allow passengers on

forklift trucks unless a seat is provided.

g. Avoiding excess weight – do not handle loads that

are heavier than the weight capacity of the

forklift.

h. Avoiding struck-by or crushed-by hazards.

i. Don’t jump from an overturning, sit-down

type forklift.

ii. Stay with the truck, hold on firmly, and lean in

the opposite direction of the overturn.

i. Training – do not operate a forklift without proper

training and licensing.

j. Reporting damage – any damage or problems that

occur to a forklift during a shift should be reported

to the supervisor.

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 7 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

4. When dock boards are used to bridge a loading dock

and a truck so the forklift can load or unload

materials, follow these requirements:

a. Use appropriate weight-rated platform to bridge

space.

b. Secure portable dock boards so that they will not

move.

c. Ensure that dock boards have handholds or some

other effective way to lift, manage, or move them

safely.

D. Earth-Moving Equipment

1. Includes heavy equipment such as cranes, scrapers,

loaders, crawlers, bulldozers, off-highway trucks,

graders, and tractors.

2. Must be equipped with seatbelts. Anyone sitting in

the equipment must wear the seatbelts.

3. Any equipment with an obstructed view to the rear

cannot be used in reverse gear unless that piece of

equipment has a back-up signal alarm or an

employee signals that it is safe to do so.

4. Operator must be properly trained.

IV. Employer Requirements

A. Comply with OSHA standards related to materials

handling, including

1. Training requirements

2. Inspection requirements

B. Comply with manufacturers’ requirements and

recommendations for materials handling equipment.

PPT slides #35 – #36

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 8 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

Application (How students apply what they learn) __ Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

Identify hazards in worksite photos and discuss possible solutions.

Using small items (little boxes, small blocks of wood, little bags of

beans, or similar items) have students practice placing

materials in tiers using an acceptable method to prevent

sliding, falling, or collapse

(i.e., stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise

secured).

Using empty boxes, have student demonstrate proper lifting

techniques.

PPT slides #37 – #39

Evaluation/Summary Estimated Time: ?? hours Key Points Methods

Knowledge Check: Materials Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal.

PPT slides #40 – #43

10-hour Construction Outreach

Page 9 of 9 Lesson Plan: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal Revised by OTIEC Outreach Workgroup v.05.18.15

References

OSHA Standard:

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=STANDARDS&p_toc_level=1 &p_keyvalue=Construction

 1926 Subpart H – Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal

1926.250 – General requirements for storage

1926.251 – Rigging equipment for material handling

1926.252 – Disposal of waste materials

OSHA Publications:

 Material Hoist Collapse (2014), OSHA Fatal Facts,

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3718.pdf

 Materials Handling and Storage (2002 – revised), OSHA #2236,

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2236.pdf

OSHA References/Resources:

 Powered Industrial Trucks (Forklift) (2008), OSHA eTool,

https://www.osha.govSLTC/etools/pit/index.html

 Wood Products: Sawmills – Lumber Storage (2002), OSHA eTool,

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/sawmills/lumber.html

 Materials Handling and Storage (1996), Construction Safety and Health Outreach Program,

https://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/mathan.html