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A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Promotive Educational Program Regarding Osteoporosis among Female

Teaching Staff (25-35 Years) in Selected Colleges at Moradabad (U.P)

Zainab Aliyu Abdullah1, N V Muninarayanappa2, K Chithra3

1M.Sc Nursing Student, 2Principal, 2Principal, 2 3Assistant Professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, 3Assistant Professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, 3

Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (U.P)

ABSTRACT

Aims: This article promote the knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff (25-35 Years) in selected Colleges at Moradabad, (U.P) India.

Background: Musculoskeletal system is comprised of the bones of the body which plays a vital role, followed by joints, muscles tendons, ligaments bursae of the body. Given a current knowledge to premenopausal women is crucial in order to modify their life style for prevention of bone disorders in future.

Method: Pre experimental and quantitative approach without control group, by manipulating the variables to assess the effectiveness of Promotive educational program, regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff.

Results: Findings reveals that the Promotive educational program was effective in improving the knowledge among Female teaching staff regarding Osteoporosis.

Conclusion: The existing knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff were moderate. The promotive educational program significantly increases the knowledge of female teaching staff regarding Osteoporosis.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Effectiveness, Female teaching staff, promotive educational program.

INTRODUCTION AND BACK GROUND

The musculoskeletal system provides protection to all vital organs, including the brain, heart, lungs and the rest. The system helps to provide a sturdy framework to support body structures; and makes mobility of the body parts possible. Muscles and tendons holds the bones together, and joints allows the body movements possible as necessary. They also move in order to produce heat that help to maintain body temperature. Movement

facilitates the return of deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart by massaging the venous vasculature. The musculoskeletal system serves as a reservoir for immature blood cells and essential minerals including calcium phosphorus, magnesium and fluoride. More than 98% of total body calcium is present in bone of our body(1).

Any disorder/disease condition or other abnormalities that might interfere or causing inadequate of Calcium level may results in reduction of bone mineral density, thereby causing individual to become vulnerable to get fragile fracture a condition known as Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis or porous bone (fragile bone disease), is a chronic, progressive metabolic bone

Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. N.V. Muninarayanappa Principal Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, NH-24 Delhi road, Moradabad (U.P) India.

DOI Number: 10.5958/0974-9357.2016.00123.9

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disease characterized by low/decrease bone mass and structure deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increase fragility(2).

Osteoporosis occurs 8 times more common in women than in men due to several reasons; (i) Women tends to have lower calcium intake than Men throughout their lives. (ii) Women have less bone mass due to their small frame structure (iii) Bone resorption begins at early stage in women and is accelerated at menopause (iv) Pregnancy and breast feeding deplete the women’s skeletal reserve unless adequate calcium intake is present. Although Osteoporosis is more common in women than in men, it is important to realize that men can also develop Osteoporosis(3).

Osteoporosis is a chronic degenerative disease of the bone that produce a fragile bone easy to get fracture. It is also so called as silent disease that Globally around 56 Lakhs of Osteoporosis cases use to be reported monthly(4).

METHOD

Quantitative approach without control group, by manipulating the variables to assess the effectiveness of Promotive educational program, regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff.

A pre experimental design, one group pre test and post test design without control group. Observation were made before and after promotive educational program. Research has chosen the pre experimental design in order to evaluate the Promotive educational Program regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff. The population of the present study includes female teaching staff working in selected Colleges at Moradabad. The target population of the study were female teaching staff working in selected colleges of Teerthanker Mahaveer University at Moradabad.

The study was conducted in the following settings: College Of Engineering Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Computer Science Information and Technology Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Polytechnic Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Home Science Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Education Teerthanker Mahaveer University and College of Management Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, U.P. 60

Female teaching staff were selected from above colleges for the study. The sample was selected for the study by adopting purposive sampling technique.

Development of the tool

The research instrument was developed in English after an extensive review of literature, discussion with the guide and the various experts in the field of nursing and based on the investigator’s personal experience, Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff.

Description of tool

The instrument consist of two sections;

PART I

Consist of demographic variables of Osteoporosis (Age in years, Religion, Educational status, Marital status, Monthly income, Type of family, Do you know about Osteoporosis, Previous source of information regarding Osteoporosis).

PART II

The Structured knowledge questionnaire consists of 20 multiple choice questions to assess the knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff.

Development of promotive educational program

It has been developed by reviewing literature and obtaining guide’s opinion. The Promotive educational program was held for 30 minutes duration. The content area of Promotive educational program includes; introduction, Definition, Statistics, Incidence, Causes/ Risk factors, signs and symptoms, Diagnosis, Diagnostic procedure, Complications, Homemade management and prevention of osteoporosis. The method of Promotive educational program was given by lecture cum discussion using PPT.

Data collection procedure

The data collection was performed for period of 4 weeks for pre-test, Promotive Educational Program and post- test. Formal permission to conduct the study was obtained from Principal’s of respective Colleges. The samples were informed by the researcher about nature and purpose of the study. After obtaining their consent,

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Structured knowledge questionnaire test conducted to assess the pre test. It took 30 minutes to collect the data from each sample. On same day Promotive Educational Program was done for 45 minutes. On 6th to 7th day, again the same Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to test the same female teaching staff, for assessing post test. The same duration was given to each sample.

RESULT

The major findings of the study were as follows:

1. Findings related to Demographic variables

· Majority of female teaching staff 33 (55 %) of female belongs to the age group of 25-28 Years.

· Majority of female teaching staff 54 (90%) were Hindu by religion.

· Majority of female teaching staff 56 (93%) were postgraduate.

· Majority of female teaching staff 35 ( 58%) were unmarried.

· Majority of female teaching staff 24 (42%) were having monthly income of Rs 10,000-25000.

· Majority of female teaching staff 33 (55%) were residing in Nuclear family.

· Majority of female teaching staff 31 (52%) knows about Osteoporosis.

· Majority of female teaching staff 33 (55%) had source of information regarding Osteoporosis from none of the above.

2. Findings related to Knowledge score of Female teaching staff

· Prior to implementation of Promotive educational program 6 (10%) had inadequate knowledge, 42 (70%) had moderate knowledge and 12 (20%) had adequate knowledge, whereas after implementation of promotive educational program 2 (3%) had inadequate knowledge, 24 (40%) had moderate knowledge and 34 (57%) had adequate knowledge regarding Osteoporosis. Findings shows that the Promotive educational program was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff. Thus the promotive educational program played an important role

in improving the knowledge of regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff.

3. Findings related to association of pretest knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff with their selected demographic variables.

· There was no significance association found between the pre test knowledge score with their selected demographic variables due to limited number of samples.

DISCUSSION

The section of the research report that focuses on nursing implication usually includes specific suggestions for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration, nursing research.

Nursing Education

· The study can help the student to understand Osteoporosis

· Student can utilize the promotive educational program to give health education regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff.

· The result can be used as an example by the tutor in the classrooms for giving importance to health education.

· Both the teacher and students can involve themselves in giving health education to female teaching staff. patient and their relatives in practical areas of Nursing.

Nursing Administration

· Nursing administration can formulate policies that will includes all Nursing staff to be actively involved in health promotive educational program in their respective hospital and Collages.

· Nursing administrators can utilize the Promotive educational program while conducting in- service education program for directing and motivating staff regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff.

· Nursing administrators have more responsibility as supervisors on creating awareness

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regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff by facilitating free distribution of booklets, handout, and charts regularly.

Nursing Research

· The study findings can be added to the research review regarding Osteoporosis.

· The study findings can be kept as the baseline data and further research can be conducted at different settings.

· The findings of the study can save to help the expansion of the study in nursing personnel and nursing students.

· The extensive research must be conducted in this area to identify several more effective methods of education.

Nursing Practice

· The study can help the Nurses in understanding the actual condition of Osteoporosis among pre menopause and post menopause people.

· The study can go along a way in providing the Nurses in the field of practice with strategies in tackling such Osteoporosis disease and provide appropriate measures.

· The study can also equip the Nurses in the area of practice with the knowledge of Osteoporosis which include; Definition, risk factors, signs and symptoms management, homemade management, complication and prevention.

CONCLUSION

In view of the above, the research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of promotive educational program among female teaching staff in selected Colleges at Moradabad.

Based on findings of the study, the existing knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among female teaching staff were moderate. The promotive educational

program significantly increases the knowledge (‘t’ value 2.49) regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff. The study findings reveals that there was a significant improvement in knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff following Promotive educational program. Based on the statistical findings, it is evident that the provision of such kind of Promotive educational program helps and encourage Female teaching staff to acquire knowledge regarding Osteoporosis among Female teaching staff.

RECOMMENDATIONS

· A similar study could be done with control group.

· A longitudinal study can be done using post test after one month, six month and one year to see retention of knowledge.

· A similar study can be done in non medical rural and urban areas so findings can be compared.

· Similar study can be replicated on a large samples.

· A similar study can be done by involving all the pre menopause and post menopause women, because promotive educational program on Osteoporosis is also helpful to both women.

· A comparative study can be conducted between the two teaching methods.

· A follow up study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Promotive educational program among female teaching staff by observing their practice at home.

LIMITATION

· Due to limited sample size of 60 the result cannot be generalized.

SUGGESTIONS

· The management of colleges should arrange awareness by providing promotive education including preventive measures to student.

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· If possible, time training should be given on Osteoporosis, risk factors and its prevention.

· Life modification training should be adopted in colleges in order to reduce the risk factors effectively.

Ethical Clearance: The study was conducted after the approval of the guide and Principal of Teerthanker Mahaveer Collage of Nursing. The nature and purpose of the study was explained to the Principals of College Of Engineering Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Computer Science Information and Technology Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Polytechnic Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Home Science Teerthanker Mahaveer University, College of Education Teerthanker Mahaveer University and College of Management Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, (U.P.) respectively. The consent was obtained before starting data collection, in order to get the full co-operation. Assurance was given to the study samples that the anonymity of each individual would be maintained strictly.

Below there is a scan copy of their permission and approval.

Source of Funding: Parents/ Self

Conflict of Interest: Nil

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