asignment 6

1

OSTEOARTHRITIS

OLUSHILE FADOJU

ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NUSING, FALL CHURCH

HCR 240 – HUMAN PATHOSHYSIOLOGY

DR. CARLOS NARANJO

11/03/2022

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is associated with joint swelling, pain, and stiffness. Osteoarthritis symptoms often manifest in the body's weight-bearing joints, including the knees, hips, and feet, though it can affect any joint. Although osteoarthritis can develop anytime, it typically manifests in people's 50s, particularly women (Mandi, 2019). Over 32.5% of American adults suffer from osteoarthritis. This is the most prevalent kind of arthritis.

Pathophysiology

Cartilage damage is the initial symptom of osteoarthritis. Cartilage refers to the slippery connective tissue that covers the articulating bone ends—healthy cartilage functions as a shock absorber, protecting bones from damage during regular activity. When the cartilage wears away, bones might start to rub against one another. It is the constant rubbing that eventually leads to osteoarthritis in the joint (Vina & Kwoh, 2018).

Why Research

Most cases of osteoarthritis are seen in adults over 65, and the condition worsens with age. However, younger people can sometimes develop osteoarthritis as a result of trauma. Joints such as the elbows, shoulders, knees, and fingers are affected by osteoarthritis (Mandi, 2019). Based on radiological studies, it is estimated that 20 million individuals in the United States suffer from osteoarthritis, with around half of those affected being over 65. People with osteoarthritis react in various ways. While the exact causes of osteoarthritis have not been determined, some hypothesized contributors include trauma, poor nutrition, being overweight, and repetitive or prolonged stress on the joints from a job or recreational activities (Mandi, 2019).

References

Mandl L. A. (2019). Osteoarthritis year in review 2018: clinical.  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage,  27(3), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.11.001

Vina, E. R., & Kwoh, C. K. (2018). Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: a literature update. Current Opinion in Rheumatology,  30(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0000000000000479

References

Deane, K. D., & Holers, V. M. (2021). Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis, Prediction, and Prevention: An Emerging Paradigm Shift.  Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.),  73(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41417

Lin, Y. J., Anzaghe, M., & Schülke, S. (2020). Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis.  Cells,  9(4), 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040880