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Word Count: 2,009 ResearchPaperCPTEDBestPracticesTemplate.edited.edited.docx

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10 Research Paper: CPTED Best Practices

Research Paper: CPTED Best Practices

Lokesh Malla

School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of the Cumberlands

ISOL634 Physical Security Dr Ronald P. Sparano

August 15th 2021

Table of Contents

Natural Surveillance 4

Keep Areas Well 4

Eliminate the hiding spots 5

Lower the thorny hedges 5

Use closed-circuit television 5

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8/15/2021 Originality Report

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Potential Defender 5

Territorial Reinforcement 6

A fence around a property 6

A visual marker 6

Appearance consistency 6

Physical Defense and Control Access 7

Well maintained appearance 7

Access Control 7

Automate provisioning of user 7

Access segregation using roles 8

Tie Access control 8

Finding business case 8

Access baseline 8

Maintenance 9

CMMS system 9

Continued training and development 9

Performance monitoring device 10

Experts to develop plans 10

Long term progress 10

References 10

The physical environment is an essential contributing factor for determining crime, likely or unlikely, occurring at a prime location. The specific changes in the

physical environment can create challenging and certain types of crime committed, and maybe it reduces the crime incidents and violence in a particular area (Knapp¸2013). This approach is widely and well recognized for crime prevention and is internationally most common known as Crime Prevention through Environ- mental Design CPTED. CPTED is an approach that is multidisciplinary for the determination of criminal behaviour in environmental design. Various practices are evalu- ated that influence the offender decision to precede the criminal act by offering a social, build and administrative environment (Fennelly, 2018). Natural Surveil-

lance Most criminals do not recognize, so they select such situations where they can easily escape and hide. There are some ways where natural surveillance into the business environment. Some factors could play a role, including uninterrupted sightlines, types ad levels, nature of windows and positioning, distance among

buildings, public spaces sizes and extent, type and degree of space (Schneider, 2005). Keep Areas Well Particularly building entrances should be clean and bright all the time. These entrances should have a clear and line of sight from outside and from inside. A management concept should be applied with the 5S, which pro-

mote well-organized workplaces. Five principles are neatness, discipline, cleanliness, standardization and organization (Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, 2005). Elim- inate the hiding spots It should be necessary to cut down such hedges which throw spots and remove the braid, remove bushed, dumpsters and fences. Cut down such things that create blind spots and hide places. To destroy the hiding spots approach should be taken to hide the pot and repeatedly hit that spot with a pickaxe until it loses permanently. That hiding spot will disappear otherwise; it will be challenging (Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, 2018). Lower the thorny hedges Around the

windows, thorny hedges work well if reduces because they do not obstruct the view out and view in. these hedges do not provide a comfortable hiding place. The low- growing shrub grows up to six feet tall, and the spiky spines stems and branches, so it's good to cut the ends of remaining stems. Use closed-circuit television

CCTV can be used to view the areas which are without natural sightlines. Using closed-circuit CCTV in areas helps to analyze the natural lines. Put monitors in public places so visitors know that they are being watched. Additionally, a criminal wants to see while entering a building and see their face on the security camera monitor (Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A¸2018). Potential Defender By adopting a potential offender, one should feel like they are being watched from the surrounding. In this

way, surroundings do offer not any place for anyone to escape. If anyone breaks the offender, they can be caught easily by being watched by the in-camera monitor, and in this way, people can be arrested for a crime involved (Saraiva, M., Amante, A., Santos¸2020).

Territorial Reinforcement The purpose of using territorial reinforcement is to create a clear distinction between private and public areas. These principles are es-

sential for two reasons. One is legitimate occupants who have a sense of ownership and notice and can challenge those who do not belong. Other is intruder,

where a more challenging time is blending and has some essential territorial reinforcement to secure the property (Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski¸2020). A fence

around a property The fence marks the boundary out on the territory ownership. It shows ownership and made it more difficult on that territory to trespass it un- knowingly. The fence around the boundary makes it necessary to have justifiable reason to be on the territory for trespassers because it ensures they know they are being trespassed. A visual marker Visual markers are the flowers rows, texture changing and line which is painted to make a difference. To make a difference with a set of small spots and other visual tool is helpful between the inside territory boundary and outside territory boundary.

Appearance consistency There should be consistency in public spaces and public buildings with appearance—for example, consistency in the community centre, church, mall and public library. Appearance consistency says that territory space with the owners who expect specific behaviour and that behaviour should be

enforced. Physical Defense and Control Access There should be a presence in the access control and physical defence in everyone. When physical security and access control is present among people, then it shows a strong territory. Defence is a strong signal of territorial reinforcement and territory and a signal that will defend any-

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one from inappropriate behaviour (Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, 2020). Well maintained appearance Everyone should have a well-maintained appearance for their

property. A property with a well-maintained appearance shows that there is a territory with owners who have significant resources. Well maintained appearance show enough care to maintain appearance. This theory is applied to defend space from those crime people who can disturb them. Access Control When criminals feel under control and have a sense of power, which is denied by clearly marking the appearance properties and buildings and channel the visitors to a particular area, re- stricting the appearance is not enough to stop the malicious insider from behaving wrong (Jain, A., Brown, C. T., & Sinclair, 2021). Automate provisioning of user Most organizations have inappropriate access activity, so according to the survey of 6000 organizations, the institute conducts identity access management. The you

ser provides six access components: control policies, by role, managing access, delegated administration, and interconnection IT system and auditing. Access segrega- tion using roles This practice consists of regulations, duties demand segregation and SOX, and the developer could not directly access the production system by touching the corporate financial data. Someone who can approve a transaction cannot be allowed to access the account with the payable application. Many compan- ies follow an approach by defining the role of access control. Not everyone can access the production system only managers have such authority (Fennelly, L. J.,

& Perry¸2020). Tie Access control The precise control that mostly company needs depends on the IT environment. There should be an eight characters password which is better as compared to a six-character password. Two-factor authentications would be beneficial and more secure and are defined to be the best practice. To control the environment, two factors should be implemented for more security. Finding business case Many experts say that regulatory concerns drive access control programs, but many companies identify a business case and ensure investment. Automating the provisioning of accounts and password management requires fewer IT people to handle funds and save help desk. Access baseline Having IT department record and generate a baseline of access level and control the place. It does not matter that regulations and auditors want to see doctrine. Immediately restricting the IT personal, especially for the workers who administrate access control, should have the necessary access level and knowledge to do the maximum crime, which should turn malicious (Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, 2018). Maintenance Territ-

orial reinforcement has a strong relation with maintenance. A well-organized message is sent to people who notice and care about it. In turn, this process discourages the crimes (Entezari¸2021). CMMS system A computerized maintenance system of management provides the company with a virtual framework to base the preventive maintenance plans. With CMMS, claimed tasks could be set up, and schedules can be made. Through CMMS creation, delegation and monitoring, the performance can be scheduled. A checklist with automated maintenance with custom entries can be automated.

Continued training and development The training process will benefit not just managers and staff but all workers, leaders and employees. Training made the em- ployee capable of performing multiple tasks. Maintenance mechanisms, assistants, technicians and engineers benefit bi-monthly, quarterly and regularly. Continuous training maintains talented personal management. More efficient programs implement more training progress. Performance monitoring device Installing monitoring devices collect valuable performance data. These devices help centralize and allow the manager to see all data in one place for better management. These devices in- stalment include a detailed collection of data with more precise maintenance. Devices enable the data to be blocked if any crime or malicious is detected. Experts to develop plans Managers work with equipment regularly and know assets better than anyone in the company, so getting them to help create a PM plan enables the company to customize plans with maintained needs (Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski¸2020). PM plans benefit the high level of insights with regular tasks for everyone in the company.

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Strategies are more effective with preventive maintenance programs. The plans with low redundancy efficiently allocate the resources. Long term progress Compan- ies with better equipment can grow operations more efficiently and keep an eye on efficiency and needs of maintenance. An ideal plan factors the growth of the com- pany by actively predicting the requirement. The plan includes the ideal basis with a predictive maintenance strategy. Some resources are also needed for specific jobs, and quick maintenance response time is required (Rajadurai, S., Ah, S. H. B. A. B., Zainol, R. B., & Azman¸2021).

References Knapp, J. (2013). Safety and urban design–the role of CPTED in the design process. Safer communities. Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D. (2005).

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography. Property management. Schneider, R. H. (2005). Introduction:

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): Themes, theories, practice, and conflict. Journal of architectural and planning research, 271-283.

Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A. (2018). Premises Liability and CPTED. In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things, You Should Know (pp.

343-343). CRC Press. Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A. (2018). Crime Prevention Ottawa Study and Recommendations for CPTED in Ottawa: January 19, 2009. CP-

TED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things You Should Know, 143-146. Saraiva, M., Amante, A., Santos, H., & Ribeiro, P. (2020). Building a CP-

TED research culture in Portugal: a bibliometric and social network analysis. Security Journal, 1-29. Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M. L. (2020). An alternative

to fortified schools: Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being. Psychology in

the Schools, 57(1), 152-165. Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A. (2018). CPTED Best Practices: Policy Objectives. In CPTED and Traditional Security

Countermeasures150 Things, You Should Know (pp. 201-201). CRC Press. Jain, A., Brown, C. T., & Sinclair, J. CASE STUDIES ON Increasing Walking and Bicycling

through Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A. (2020). Encompassing effective CPTED solutions in 2020 and bey-

ond: concepts and strategies. In Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention (pp. 45-77). Butterworth-Heinemann. Entezari, H. Security Disparities

in Built Environment: Using CPTED to measure spatial inequalities related to risk in Des Moines, IA. Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M. L. (2020). An alternative

to fortified schools: Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being. Psychology in

the Schools, 57(1), 152-165. Rajadurai, S., Ah, S. H. B. A. B., Zainol, R. B., & Azman, Z. B. (2021). Crime prevention through environmental design and its challenges

in reducing crime: a case of Selangor, Malaysia. Security Journal, 1-14.

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8/15/2021 Originality Report

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CPTED Best Practices

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CPTED Best Practices

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CPTED Best Practices

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CPTED Best Practices

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School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of the Cumberlands

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School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of the Cumberlands

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ISOL634 Physical Security Dr Ronald P.

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ISOL634 Physical Security Dr

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Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

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Natural Surveillance 4

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Natural Surveillance 4

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Keep Areas Well 4

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Keep Areas well Lit 4

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Eliminate the hiding spots 5

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Eliminate hiding spots

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Use closed-circuit television 5

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Use of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 3

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Territorial Reinforcement 6

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Territorial Reinforcement 6

8/15/2021 Originality Report

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designoutcrime 69%

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Physical Defense and Control Access 7

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Access Control 7

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Well maintained appearance 7

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Well maintained appearance of property

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Access Control 7

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Access Control 7

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The physical environment is an essential contributing factor for determining crime, likely or unlikely, occurring at a prime location. The specific changes in the physical environ- ment can create challenging and certain types of crime committed, and maybe it reduces the crime incidents and violence in a particular area (Knapp¸2013). This approach is widely and well recognized for crime prevention and is internationally most common known as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design CPTED.

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Introduction The physical (built) environment is often an important contributing factor in determining whether a crime is likely, or unlikely, to occur in a particular location Chan- ging the physical environment in a specific way could therefore create challenges for cer- tain types of crime to be committed and may reduce incidents of crime and violence in a particular area This is a well-recognised and widely practised approach to crime preven- tion, and is internationally most commonly known as Crime Prevention through Environ- mental Design (CPTED, pronounced sep-ted)i

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Natural Surveillance Most criminals do not recognize, so they select such situations where they can easily escape and hide. There are some ways where natural surveillance into the business environment.

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Natural Surveillance Criminals do not like to be seen or recognized, so they will choose situations where they can hide and easily escape Here are some ways to incorporate nat- ural surveillance into a business environment

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Some factors could play a role, including uninterrupted sightlines, types ad levels, nature of windows and positioning, distance among buildings, public spaces sizes and extent, type and degree of space (Schneider, 2005).

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Factors that could play a role include uninterrupted lines of sight, levels and types of lighting, the positioning and nature of windows, doors and other openings, building lay- out and the distances between buildings, the sizes of the public spaces and the extent, degree and type of use of the space

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These entrances should have a clear and line of sight from outside and from inside.

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In particular, building entrances should be bright at all times and provide a clear line of sight from both inside and outside

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J., & Perry, 2018).

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(Fennelly & Perry, 2018)

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Use closed-circuit television CCTV can be used to view the areas which are without nat- ural sightlines. Using closed-circuit CCTV in areas helps to analyze the natural lines. Put monitors in public places so visitors know that they are being watched.

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Use Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) to view areas without natural sight lines Use Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) to view areas without natural sight lines Put up monitors in pub- lic areas so that visitors know they are being watched

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J., & Perry, M.

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J., & Perry, M

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Territorial Reinforcement The purpose of using territorial reinforcement is to create a clear distinction between private and public areas.

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Territorial Reinforcement Territorial Reinforcement should create a clear distinction between public and private spaces

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One is legitimate occupants who have a sense of ownership and notice and can challenge those who do not belong.

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Legitimate occupants have a sense of ownership and will notice, and even challenge, people who don't belong

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A fence around a property The fence marks the boundary out on the territory ownership. It shows ownership and made it more difficult on that territory to trespass it unknow- ingly. The fence around the boundary makes it necessary to have justifiable reason to be on the territory for trespassers because it ensures they know they are being trespassed.

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The fence marks out the boundary of ownership of the territory It indicates ownership and makes it difficult to trespass unknowingly on that territory It also makes it necessary for a trespasser to have a justifiable reason to be on that territory because it is obvious that they must know they have trespassed

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Appearance consistency says that territory space with the owners who expect specific be- haviour and that behaviour should be enforced.

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Consistency of appearance says that the space is a territory with owners who expect cer- tain kinds of behaviours that will be enforced

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J., & Perry, 2020).

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J., & Perry, M

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J., & Perry¸2020).

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J., & Perry, M

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J., & Perry, 2018).

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(Fennelly & Perry, 2018)

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thebalancesmb 64%

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Maintenance Territorial reinforcement has a strong relation with maintenance.

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Maintenance Maintenance is related to territorial reinforcement

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M., Saville, G., & Hillier, D.

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Paul, M., & Saville, G

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Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED):

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CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED)

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a review and modern bibliography.

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a review and modern bibliography

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Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): Themes, theories, practice, and conflict.

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CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) THEMES, THEORIES, PRACTICE, AND CONFLICT

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Journal of architectural and planning research, 271-283.

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Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 22(4), 271-283

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J., & Perry, M.

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J., & Perry, M

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In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things, You Should Know (pp.

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In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things You Should Know (pp

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J., & Perry, M.

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J., & Perry, M

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Crime Prevention Ottawa Study and Recommendations for CPTED in Ottawa: January 19, 2009. CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things You Should Know, 143-146.

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Crime Prevention Ottawa Study and Recommendations for CPTED in Ottawa January 19, 2009 CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things You Should Know, 143- 146

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Saraiva, M., Amante, A., Santos, H., & Ribeiro, P.

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Saraiva, M., Amante, A., Santos, H., & Ribeiro, P

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Building a CPTED research culture in Portugal: a bibliometric and social network analysis. Security Journal, 1-29.

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Building a CPTED research culture in Portugal a bibliometric and social network analysis Security Journal, 1-29

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Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M.

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Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M

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An alternative to fortified schools:

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An alternative to fortified schools

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Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being.

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Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being

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Psychology in the Schools, 57(1), 152-165.

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Psychology in the Schools, 57(1), 152-165

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J., & Perry, M.

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J., & Perry, M

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CPTED Best Practices:

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CPTED Best Practices

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In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things, You Should Know (pp.

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In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures150 Things You Should Know (pp

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Jain, A., Brown, C. T., & Sinclair, J. CASE STUDIES ON Increasing Walking and Bicycling through Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).

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Jain, A., Brown, C T., & Sinclair, J CASE STUDIES ON Increasing Walking and Bicycling through Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

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J., & Perry, M.

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J., & Perry, M

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concepts and strategies.

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CPTED concepts and strategies 2

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In Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention (pp.

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In Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention (pp

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Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M.

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Lamoreaux, D., & Sulkowski, M

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An alternative to fortified schools:

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An alternative to fortified schools

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Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being.

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Using crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) to balance student safety and psychological well‐being

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Psychology in the Schools, 57(1), 152-165.

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Psychology in the Schools, 57(1), 152-165

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Crime prevention through environmental design and its challenges in reducing crime:

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Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) and retail crime

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Security Journal, 1-14.

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Security Journal, 1-29