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SafeAssign Originality Report 202130 Summer 2021 CSIS 32… • Research Paper – Final Draft

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Database Security

Davon Robinson

Liberty University

CSIS 325

Professor Harclerode

07/07/21

Database Security

1. Introduction “Protecting data is at the heart of many secu-

rity systems, and many users depend on a database management system to manage the protection. This paper is all about the secu- rity of database management systems as an example of how appli- cation security can be designed and implemented for specific tasks. There is substantial current interest in DBMS Security be- cause databases are newer than the programming and operating systems. Databases are essential to many business and govern- ment organizations; to make the retrieval and maintenance

of data easy and efficient, it is stored in a database. Database orga- nization and contents are considered valuable corporate assets that must be carefully protected because databases are a favorite target for attackers. The basic security requirements of a database system are not unlike those of other computing systems. The basic problems are access control, exclusion of specious data, authenti- cation of users, and reliability. In this paper, the challenges and

threats in database security are identified” (Kaur, 2017)..

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2. Aim of the research “The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and organizational perspective for studying (1) the dy- namics of cybersecurity capability development at hospitals and how these internal organizational dynamics interact to form a sys- tem of hospital cybersecurity." 3. Data stored in hospitals “With the speedy growth of new-generation information techniques like the cloud computing and Internet of Things and the uninterrupted im- provement of living standards of people, the concept of smart city has also got more attention. In particular, the electronic health records (EHR) system has been widely applied in the smart city since its appearance, and it has gradually been developed and im- proved. However, in the face of the tremendous EHR data, a third- party platform is needed to store and manage these data. Cloud computing provides inexpensive distributed computing capabilities through the Internet, which has the characteristics of ultra-large- scale and low-cost. Hence, managing and storing the EHR data in cloud servers has become an inevitable trend. In an EHR system, EHR owners generally upload and view their personal information, medical records, and medication records from cloud servers. They are storing the EHR data in cloud servers which improves the qual- ity of personal medical health management while saving resources and reducing hospital expenses. Only authorized EHR users (such as doctors or nurses) are able to log in the cloud servers and ac- cess data”. “Although there are many significant advantages

when using cloud servers to manage the EHR data, it also brings some concerns, such as the security and privacy of the sensitive data. Suppose a malicious and unauthorized adversary breaks the EHR system and conducts a series of malicious actions, including leaking patient's identity information and maliciously tampering with medical records. In that case, it will result in disclosure of

patient personal privacy and lead to misdiagnosis by the doctors and bring serious consequences. Hence, it is necessary to put

forward the access control requirements to legitimate users who can access the EHR data. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is em- ployed to supply fined-grained access control of the EHR data.

The EHR owner defines the access policy to determine who

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can obtain the EHR data and uploads them to the cloud servers af- ter encrypting it using the access policy. The ciphertext could be decrypted simply if the attributes of the EHR user meet the access policy defined by the EHR owner. Such as, the encryption access policy is Alice ∨ XXX Hospital ∧ Oncologist. So, the EHR owner named Alice or the EHR user who is the oncologist in XXX hospital has the right to access the EHR data” (Ming, & Zhang, 2018). A “medical application necessitates treating patient care beyond the healthcare continuum. The healthcare continuum includes home- care, hospital, and long-term care facility. The medical devices con- nected through the Internet are referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. IoT applications have been widely investi- gated, forecasted for widespread future use, even on a small scale. Any hospital that starts a smart beds program can detect whether the hospital bed is occupied or not, analyses when the patient re- quires assistance to use the lavatory or move around and send de- sired information to the available nurse or nearest hospital staff for patient support (R. Babu, 2015). According to the appropriate patient load and nature of support required, this smart bed has self-adjustable features, which can be provided without manual as- sistance. Some other areas where smart management is being used are home medication dispensers to automatically upload pa- tient data to a cloud server when medication should be avoided or any other health symptoms which require the immediate attention of the nursing staff or at-home medical care personnel” (Tiwari, Tripathi, & Bhatia, 2019).

4. Valuable data from patients “Cloud computing is a delivery

of on-demand computing resources. Everything from applica-

tions to data centers over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis. Distributed cloud computing is applying cloud computing tech- nologies to interconnect data and application servers from multi-

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ple geographic locations. Healthcare organizations turn to

cloud computing to save on the cost of storing hardware locally. The cloud holds big datasets for EHRs, radiology, images.

Cloud computing offers significant benefits to the healthcare sec- tors; doctors’ clinics, hospitals require quick access to com-

puting and large storage facilities, which are not provided in tradi- tional settings. But before this, it takes more time. Cloud

caters the opportunity to improve services to their customers, pa- tients to share information more easily than ever before and im- prove operational efficiency at the same time." 4.1 Medical history “The system designed and developed in this way that it will be more secure and reliable under the action of the fetching plan is stable and most beneficial information under patient-doctor inter- action. This is improved and analyzed under this system. The sys- tem is simulated for achieving the terminology of telediagnosis and telemedicine. In general, the system is more reliable and

trusted under basic contribution” (Pathan, & Jadhav, 2017).

4.2 Vital body signs “Privacy and Emergency Response in

Healthcare Leveraging Wireless Body Sensor Network. This scheme provides detailed discussions on the privacy and security issues in e-healthcare systems and viable techniques for these issues.

In the paper Securing Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing: Patient-centric and Fine-grained Data Access

Control in Multi-owner Settings, M. Li, S. Yu, K. Ren, and W.

Lou (2010) proposed a novel framework for access control

PHRs within a cloud computing environment. To enable fine- grained and scalable access control for PHRs, to leverage attribute- based encryption (ABE) techniques to encrypt each patient’s PHR data." 4.3 The mode of payment and cost of medication “After making a brief historical reminder of the databases, talking about authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity, having seen the attacks and their parades from both a technical and an organizational point of view, we realize that securing databases is a major con- cern for the CIOs. To guard against these attacks, although

database information is vulnerable to a large number of attacks, it

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is possible to reduce risk by focusing on the most critical threats dramatically. Companies should meet the compliance and risk limi- tation requirements of the most highly regulated global industries in dealing with threats. They are also required to call on specialists (through audits) to check their IT security practices. It should be noted that neglecting security is far too often dramatic. Indeed, the omnipresence of IT in companies implies that all sensitive informa- tion is contained in databases or at least in a server or computer connected to the network, and therefore they are potentially pi- rates. Indicators tend to prove that shortly attacks attempts will be more and more common. Therefore, we must remember the

importance of carrying out, in addition to all technical measures, prevention to users, especially those brought to handle sensitive data. If we forge a request, we can hijack the initial request to exe- cute the code of our choice” (Sarmah, 2019).. 5. Privacy and

confidentiality

The “blockchain-based personal health record system to pro-

mote a privacy-preserving access control model is proposed in this work. The proposed solution addresses the recurrent require- ments of the PHR system and the issues of using blockchain tech- nology in PHR system development. To preserve privacy in the PHR system, the qualitative requirement, namely, tamper resistance storage, and the functional requirement, namely, a revocable ac- cess control, are necessary. The blockchain is suitable for tamper resistance storage; however, it is difficult to provide a revocable ac- cess control mechanism on the blockchain. Moreover, there are other issues such as limited storage and privacy of on-chain data for using blockchain in PHR development. Our access control model is designed to be implemented with existing cryptographic primitives and the private blockchain technology in such a way that it can handle the blockchain issues for PHR system development and demonstrates our prioritization of privacy and access control. Then the privacy and security of the proposed model are analyzed with four-thread models, namely, a tampering attack, a collusion attack, a replay attack, and a malicious access attack, to ensure the

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accomplishment of our original goals. This model is proposed not only to remedy the PHR privacy problems, but also to look forward to continuing the research in the uses of blockchain for healthcare data management and protection of privacy” (Thwin, & Vasupongayya, 2019). 6. Methods of data protection for data

privacy and confidentiality “In this paper, we have identified the vulnerabilities, threats, and security methods of database manage- ment system with the help survey conducted on researches of database security—the result of the survey we have described in the paper and summarized in tabular form.

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As a result, we can conclude that though remarkable work

has been done in this field, the risk to the database has increased with the invention of internet technology. Many intrusion detection systems for the database have been devised still more research has to be done since there are vulnerabilities in internet connec-

tion and website”. (Kothari, Suwalka, & Kumar, 2019).

References

Kaur, G. (2017). A Review on Database Security. International

Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(3), 269-272. Kothari, H., Suwalka, A. K., & Kumar, D. (2019).

Various Database Attacks, Approaches, and Countermeasures To Database Security. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management, 357-362. Ming, Y., & Zhang, T. (2018). The efficient privacy-preserving access control scheme

in the electronic health records system. Sensors, 18(10), 3520. Pathan, F., & Jadhav, H. B. (2017). Patient Privacy Control for

Health Care in Cloud Computing System. Sarmah, S. (2019).

Database Security–threats and prevention. IJCTT, 67(5), 46-50. Thwin, T. T., & Vasupongayya, S. (2019). Blockchain-

based access control model to preserve privacy for personal health

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SSoouurrccee MMaattcchheess  ((3344))

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record systems. Security and Communication Networks, 2019. Tiwari, A., Tripathi, R. P., & Bhatia, D. (2019). Advancements in

data security and privacy techniques used in IoT-based hospital ap- plications. In Medical Data Security for Bioengineers (pp. 185-207). IGI Global.

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1

Student paper

Introduction “Protecting data is at the heart of many security systems, and many users depend on a database management system to manage the protection. This paper is all about the security of database management sys- tems as an example of how applica- tion security can be designed and im- plemented for specific tasks.

Original source

“Protecting data is at the heart of many secure systems, and many users rely on a database management sys- tem to manage the protection This pa- per is all about the security of data- base management systems, as an ex- ample of how application security can be designed and implemented for specific task

Originality Report https://learn.liberty.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport/ul...

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Student paper 80%

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Student paper

to make the retrieval and mainte- nance of data easy and efficient, it is stored in a database. Database organi- zation and contents are considered valuable corporate assets that must be carefully protected because data- bases are a favorite target for attack- ers. The basic security requirements of a database system are not unlike those of other computing systems. The basic problems are access control, exclusion of specious data, authenti- cation of users, and reliability.

Original source

Databases are essential to many busi- ness and government organizations, to make the retrieval and mainte- nance of data easy and efficient it is stored in a database Database organi- zation and contents are considered valuable corporate assets that must be carefully protected because data- bases are a favorite target for attack- ers The basic security requirements of database system are not unlike those of other computing system The basic problems are access control, exclusion of spurious data, authentication of users and reliability

1

Student paper

In this paper, the challenges and threats in database security are identi- fied” (Kaur, 2017)..

Original source

In this paper the challenges and threats in database security are identi- fied.” (Gaikwad and A

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Student paper 73%

Student paper 81%

Student paper 73%

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Student paper

“Although there are many significant advantages when using cloud servers to manage the EHR data, it also brings some concerns, such as the security and privacy of the sensitive data.

Original source

servers to manage the EHR data, it also brings some concerns, such as the security and privacy

3

Student paper

In that case, it will result in disclosure of patient personal privacy and lead to misdiagnosis by the doctors and bring serious consequences.

Original source

it will not only result in disclosure of patient personal privacy but also lead to misdiagnosis by the doctors and brings serious consequences

4

Student paper

Hence, it is necessary to put forward the access control requirements to le- gitimate users who can access the EHR data.

Original source

A lesson learned here is that it is nec- essary to put forward the access con- trol requirements to legitimate users who can access the EHR data to en- sure that patients’ privacy is protected

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Student paper 66%

Student paper 76%

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The EHR owner defines the access pol- icy to determine who can obtain the EHR data and uploads them to the cloud servers after encrypting it using the access policy. The ciphertext could be decrypted simply if the attributes of the EHR user meet the access policy defined by the EHR owner.

Original source

The EHR owner defines the access pol- icy to determine who is capable to ob- tain the EHR data and uploads them to the cloud servers after encrypting it using the access policy The ciphertext could be decrypted simply if the at- tributes of the EHR user meet the ac- cess policy that is defined by the EHR owner

6

Student paper

Valuable data from patients “Cloud computing is a delivery of on-demand computing resources.

Original source

Cloud computing is the delivery of on- demand computing resources- every- thing from applications to data cen- ters, over the internet on a pay for use basis

7

Student paper

Everything from applications to data centers over the Internet on a pay-for- use basis.

Original source

Simply, it is the delivery of on-demand computing resources -everything from applications to data centers- over the internet on a pay-for-use basis

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abi-health 85%

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Healthcare organizations turn to cloud computing to save on the cost of stor- ing hardware locally.

Original source

Healthcare organizations turn to cloud computing to save on the costs of storing hardware locally

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Student paper

Cloud computing offers significant benefits to the healthcare sectors;

Original source

Cloud computing offers significant benefits to the healthcare sector

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Student paper

doctors’ clinics, hospitals require quick access to computing and large storage facilities, which are not provided in traditional settings.

Original source

doctors, clinics, hospitals require quick access to computing and large storage facilities which are not provided in the traditional settings

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abi-health 82%

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Cloud caters the opportunity to im- prove services to their customers, pa- tients to share information more eas- ily than ever before and improve oper- ational efficiency at the same time."

Original source

Cloud caters to all these requirements thus providing the healthcare organi- zations an incredible opportunity to improve services to their customers, the patients, to share information more easily than ever before, and im- prove operational efficiency at the same time

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Student paper

4.2 Vital body signs “Privacy and Emergency Response in Healthcare Leveraging Wireless Body Sensor Network.

Original source

Privacy and emergency response in e-healthcare leveraging wireless body sensor networks

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Student paper

In the paper Securing Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing:

Original source

Securing personal health records in cloud computing

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hindawi 100%

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Patient-centric and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Multi-owner Settings, M.

Original source

Patient-Centric and Fine-Grained Data Access Control in Multi-owner Settings

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Student paper

Ren, and W.

Original source

Ren, and W

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Student paper

Lou (2010) proposed a novel frame- work for access control PHRs within a cloud computing environment. To en- able fine-grained and scalable access control for PHRs, to leverage attribute- based encryption (ABE) techniques to encrypt each patient’s PHR data."

Original source

We propose a novel framework for ac- cess control to PHRs within cloud computing environment To enable fine-grained and scalable access con- trol for PHRs, we leverage attribute based encryption (ABE) techniques to encrypt each patient’s PHR data

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Student paper 94%

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To guard against these attacks, al- though database information is vul- nerable to a large number of attacks, it is possible to reduce risk by focusing on the most critical threats dramati- cally. Companies should meet the compliance and risk limitation require- ments of the most highly regulated global industries in dealing with threats. They are also required to call on specialists (through audits) to check their IT security practices. It should be noted that neglecting secu- rity is far too often dramatic.

Original source

Conclusion although database infor- mation is vulnerable to a large num- ber of attacks, it is possible to dramat- ically reduce risk by focusing on the most critical threats In dealing with threats, companies should meet the compliance and risk limitation require- ments of the most highly regulated global industries They are also re- quired to call on specialists (through audits) to check their IT security prac- tices It should be noted that neglect- ing security is far too often dramatic

14

Student paper

Indeed, the omnipresence of IT in companies implies that all sensitive in- formation is contained in databases or at least in a server or computer con- nected to the network, and therefore they are potentially pirates.

Original source

Indeed, the omnipresence of IT in companies implies that all sensitive in- formation is contained in databases or at least in a server or computer con- nected to the network and therefore they are potentially at risk

Originality Report https://learn.liberty.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport/ul...

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My paper 100%

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Student paper

Therefore, we must remember the im- portance of carrying out, in addition to all technical measures, prevention to users, especially those brought to handle sensitive data. If we forge a re- quest, we can hijack the initial request to execute the code of our choice” (Sarmah, 2019)..

Original source

indicators tend to prove that in the near future attacks attempts will be more and more common and there- fore, we must remember the impor- tance of carrying out, in addition to all technical measures, prevention to users, especially those brought to handle sensitive data If we forge a re- quest, we can hijack the initial request to execute the code of our choice

15

Student paper

Privacy and confidentiality

Original source

Privacy and confidentiality

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hindawi 98%13

Student paper

The “blockchain-based personal health record system to promote a privacy-preserving access control model is proposed in this work. The proposed solution addresses the re- current requirements of the PHR sys- tem and the issues of using blockchain technology in PHR system development. To preserve privacy in the PHR system, the qualitative re- quirement, namely, tamper resistance storage, and the functional require- ment, namely, a revocable access con- trol, are necessary. The blockchain is suitable for tamper resistance stor- age;

Original source

Conclusion The blockchain-based per- sonal health record system to pro- mote a privacy-preserving access con- trol model is proposed in this work The proposed solution addresses the recurrent requirements of PHR system and the issues of using the blockchain technology in PHR system develop- ment To preserve the privacy in the PHR system, the qualitative require- ment, namely, a tamper resistance storage, and the functional require- ment, namely, a revocable access con- trol, are necessary The blockchain is suitable for a tamper resistance stor- age

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Student paper

however, it is difficult to provide a re- vocable access control mechanism on the blockchain. Moreover, there are other issues such as limited storage and privacy of on-chain data for using blockchain in PHR development. Our access control model is designed to be implemented with existing crypto- graphic primitives and the private blockchain technology in such a way that it can handle the blockchain is- sues for PHR system development and demonstrates our prioritization of pri- vacy and access control. Then the pri- vacy and security of the proposed model are analyzed with four-thread models, namely, a tampering attack, a collusion attack, a replay attack, and a malicious access attack, to ensure the accomplishment of our original goals.

Original source

however, it is difficult to provide a re- vocable access control mechanism on blockchain Moreover, there are other issues such as limited storage and pri- vacy of on-chain data for using blockchain in PHR development Our access control model is designed to be implemented with existing crypto- graphic primitives and the private blockchain technology in such a way that it can handle the blockchain is- sues for PHR system development and demonstrates our prioritization of pri- vacy and access control Then the pri- vacy and security of the proposed model are analyzed with four thread models, namely, a tampering attack, a collusion attack, a replay attack, and a malicious access attack, to ensure the accomplishment of our original goals

Originality Report https://learn.liberty.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport/ul...

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hindawi 93%13

Student paper

This model is proposed not only to remedy the PHR privacy problems, but also to look forward to continuing the research in the uses of blockchain for healthcare data management and protection of privacy” (Thwin, & Vasupongayya, 2019).

Original source

This model is proposed not only to remedy the PHR privacy problems, but also to look forward to continuing the research in the uses of blockchain for healthcare data management and protection of privacy

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wsimg 91%

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Methods of data protection for data privacy and confidentiality “In this pa- per, we have identified the vulnerabili- ties, threats, and security methods of database management system with the help survey conducted on re- searches of database security—the re- sult of the survey we have described in the paper and summarized in tabu- lar form. As a result, we can conclude that though remarkable work has been done in this field, the risk to the database has increased with the in- vention of internet technology. Many intrusion detection systems for the database have been devised still more research has to be done since there are vulnerabilities in internet connec- tion and website”.

Original source

CONCLUSION In this paper we have identified the vulnerabilities, threats and security methods of database management system with the help survey conducted on researches of database security As a result we can conclude that though remarkable work has been done in this field, with the invention of internet technology, the risk to database has increased Many intrusion detection systems for the database have been devised still more research has to be done since there are vulnerabilities in internet connection and website

15

Student paper

A Review on Database Security. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(3), 269-272. Kothari, H., Suwalka, A. K., & Kumar, D.

Original source

A Review on Database Security International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(3), 269-272 Kothari, H., Suwalka, A K., & Kumar, D

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My paper 100%

My paper 100%

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Various Database Attacks, Approaches, and Countermeasures To Database Security. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management, 357-362. Ming, Y., & Zhang, T.

Original source

Various Database Attacks, Approaches and Countermeasures To Database Security International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management, 357-362 Ming, Y., & Zhang, T

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Student paper

The efficient privacy-preserving access control scheme in the electronic health records system. Sensors, 18(10), 3520. Pathan, F., & Jadhav, H.

Original source

Efficient privacy-preserving access control scheme in electronic health records system Sensors, 18(10), 3520 Pathan, F., & Jadhav, H

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Student paper

Patient Privacy Control for Health Care in Cloud Computing System.

Original source

Patient Privacy Control for Health Care in Cloud Computing System

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Database Security–threats and pre- vention. IJCTT, 67(5), 46-50.

Original source

Database Security–threats and pre- vention IJCTT, 67(5), 46-50

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T., & Vasupongayya, S.

Original source

T., & Vasupongayya, S

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Blockchain-based access control model to preserve privacy for per- sonal health record systems. Security and Communication Networks, 2019. Tiwari, A., Tripathi, R. P., & Bhatia, D.

Original source

Blockchain-based access control model to preserve privacy for per- sonal health record systems Security and Communication Networks, 2019 Tiwari, A., Tripathi, R P., & Bhatia, D

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Student paper

Advancements in data security and privacy techniques used in IoT-based hospital applications. In Medical Data Security for Bioengineers (pp.

Original source

Advancements in data security and privacy techniques used in IoT-based hospital applications In Medical Data Security for Bioengineers (pp

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