midterm
uawhm_f_alrashid
orgnaizationtheory.ppt*
Chapter 1
Varieties Of Organization Research And Theory
Organization Theory:
A Public Perspective
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What Chapter 1 Does
- Reviews what an organization is
- Explores the theories of organizations
- Subject matter
- Level of analysis
- Types of theories
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What is an Organization?
- Government agency, professional association, private firm, nonprofit, corporation
- What else?
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What Is An Organization? (1/2)
- A collection of people engaged in specialized interdependent activity to accomplish a goal or mission
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What Is An Organization? (2/2)
- “Organizing is like a grammar, it is a systematic account of some rules and conventions by which sets of interlocked behaviors are assembled to form social processes that are intelligible to actors”
Karl Weick
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Private Organizations
- Created by individuals & orgs
- Within the context of law
- For profit-making
- Accountable to owners/stock holders
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Government Organizations
- Created by law to administer the law, carry out public policy
- Includes all types of government agencies, levels of gov’t, authorities, special districts
- Accountable to the public
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Nonprofit Organizations
- Created by inds & orgs to help solve specific social/political problems or issues
- Established within the context of state law
- To fulfill charitable needs,
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Nonprofit Organizations
- Carry out public needs not provided for by business or gov’t
- Partner with gov’t (Lester Salamon)
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Nonprofit Organizations
- Accountable to boards
- Depend on public trust
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Bureaucracy (1/2)
- Characteristics
- Stable
- Specialization of function
- Hierarchical
- Hiring/promotions based on expertise
- Strict rules
Max Weber
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Bureaucracy (2/2)
- Focus on efficiency & rationality
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Varieties Of Organization Theory
- Subject matter
- Who, what, why of orgs
- Levels of analysis
- Individual & group (motivation)
- Structural (org chart, hierarchical pattern)
- Or global (values, leadership)
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Varieties of Organization Theory
- Provide conceptual tools to diagnose problems and assess solutions
- Contribute to understanding and action in organizations
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Types Of Theories
- Systems
- Aspects of org and the environment
- Shows how activities are interrelated
- Political economy
- Relations between political and economic systems and non-market settings
- Rationality and decision making
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Types Of Theories
- Postmodern
- Challenges all theories by asking “what is real?”
- Meaning of words used
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Types of Theories
- Public Choice
- Uses an economic/self-interest interpretation for actions
- Individuals and orgs behave rationally
- Government should be minimal
- Supports maximizing an individual’s choice
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Purpose Of Organization Research & Theory
- Uncover the reality of orgs
- Use the knowledge to predict (and sometimes control) orgs
- Improve functions of orgs
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