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Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

RGSA – Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental

ISSN: 1981-982X

Data de submissão: 05/10/2022

Data de aceite: 04/01/2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n1-002 Organização: Comitê Científico Interinstitucional

Editora Chefe: Christian Luiz da Silva

Avaliação: Double Blind Review pelo SEER/OJS

ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION:SECTOR STUDY

ON CORPORATE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN

COMPANIES IN BRAZIL, MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Fernando Marcos Garcia 1

Vilmar Alves Pereira 2

Rodrigo Florêncio da Silva 3

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aims to carry out a sectoral field study on corporate socio-environmental responsibility in

companies in the civil construction sector operating in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America.

Theoretical framework: The bibliographic review demonstrated the results found from a comparative bias in

relation to corporate socio-environmental responsibility. It also points out that companies in the civil construction

sector in the three countries analyzed (Brazil, Mexico and the United States) have similar environmental and social

practices, verifying the adoption of sustainable construction methods, mitigation of the generation of solid waste,

as well as their best destination, reuse of water, improvement of energy efficiency, identifying the main focus on

reducing greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions.

Method/design/approach: As a methodology, a multicase study was carried out, making use of documentary

research, through which a survey of data and information was carried out in a group of companies in the civil

construction sector based in three different countries: Brazil, Mexico and the United States. United of America.

Results and conclusion: In all analyzed companies there was a concern that their actions are based on international

standards in order to obtain certification, highlighting among them ISO and LEED.

Research implications: The research makes an effective contribution by demonstrating the potential and the need

to adopt sustainable practices in the management of contemporary companies.

Originality/value: The results obtained in this study are unprecedented, innovative and relevant to the scientific

community, in the context of sustainability in civil construction.

Keywords: Social and environmental responsibility, Construction, Organizational dynamics, Sustainable

Practices, Sustainable construction methods.

DINÂMICAS ORGANIZACIONAIS NA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL:ESTUDO

SETORIAL ACERCA DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL

CORPORATIVA EM EMPRESAS DO BRASIL, MÉXICO E ESTADOS UNIDOS DA

AMÉRICA

RESUMO

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de campo setorial acerca da responsabilidade

socioambiental corporativa em empresas do setor de construção civil atuantes no Brasil, México e Estados Unidos

da América.

1 Centro Universitário Barriga Verde (UNIBAVE), Orleans, Santa Catarina, Brasil.

E-mail: [email protected] Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-2616 2 Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná. E-mail: [email protected]

Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-5086 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México, CDMX, México. E-mail: [email protected]

Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9644-7645

mailto:[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-2616

mailto:[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-5086

mailto:[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9644-7645

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Referencial teórico: A revisão bibliográfica demonstrou os resultados encontrados a partir de um viés

comparativo em relação à responsabilidade socioambiental corporativa. Igualmente aponta que as empresas do

setor de construção civil dos três países analisados (Brasil, México e Estados Unidos) apresentam práticas

ambientais e sociais semelhantes, verificando-se a adoção de métodos construtivos sustentáveis, mitigação da

geração de resíduos sólidos, assim como sua melhor destinação, reuso da água, melhoria da eficiência energética,

identificando-se foco principal na redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa (CO2).

Método: Como metodologia foi realizado um estudo multicasos, fazendo uso da pesquisa documental, por meio

da qual realizou-se um levantamento de dados e informações em um grupo de empresas do setor da construção

civil sediadas em três países distintos: Brasil, México e Estados Unidos da América.

Resultados e conclusão: Em todas as empresas analisadas verificou-se preocupação que suas ações estejam

baseadas em padrões internacionais com vistas a obter certificação, destacando-se entre elas a ISO e a LEED.

Implicações da pesquisa: A pesquisa traz uma contribuição e efetiva demonstrando as potencialidades e a

necessidade de adoção de práticas sustentáveis na gestão das empresas contemporâneas.

Originalidade/valor: Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo são inéditos, inovadores e relevantes para a

comunidade científica, no contexto da sustentabilidade na construção civil.

Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade socioambiental, Construção civil, Dinâmicas organizacionais, Práticas

sustentávei, Métodos construtivos sustentáveis.

RGSA adota a Licença de Atribuição CC BY do Creative Commons (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

1 INTRODUCTION

The overall structure of organizations is constantly impacted by changes in society and

the environment in which they are inserted, characterizing themselves as dynamic, so the

negative environmental impacts caused by man and the awareness of consumers themselves,

which have come to demand a socially responsible attitude of companies, have determined

changes in their operations. The people who form them are responsible for planning, executing,

organizing and controlling their goals, aligning them to promote sustainability.

The environmental impact caused by productive activities has generated climate

changes, especially in the 21st century, have promoted significant and far-reaching

consequences in the primary production of food, arising from natural and anthropogenic

processes, which affect both the productive process and human life (Espíndola e Ribeiro, 2020).

First, to give a vision of "prospective bias", so that one can understand the "current"

problem in such a way that one can discuss problems to the satisfaction, as well as innovate in

the value construction that one is willing to study, in our case, sustainable development. The

importance of the subject is undeniable, since every day environmental problems affect the

quality of life of man more intensely.

The Climate Change and Land report of the International Panelon Climate Change

(IPCC, 2020) predicts an increase in the Earth's temperature of between 1.8 and 3.6ºC from

2090 to 2099. Climate change is already having an impact now; more frequent natural disasters,

flood risks in low-lying areas, drought severity, excessive heat, windstorms, hurricanes and

volcanoes.

In view of this, the need to raise awareness about sustainability arose mainly to face the

ecological crisis that has been alarming the planet, arising from the impacts that human beings

have caused and have been causing on the environment, bringing problems that can affect the

balance and survival of the species on our planet. Associated with this is the need to think about

collective and sustainable projects that can recognize dimensions that have long been denied

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

and that have ended up contributing to the increase of socio-environmental pathologies (Vieira

e Tavares, 2019; Pereira, 2022).

In this sense, development with sustainability perspectives is an urgent demand of

society, and the domain of Civil Engineering should be considered to have significant impacts

on the environment. In fact, Civil Engineering has been identified as responsible for different

negative environmental impacts on the environment, highlighting in its activities the

consumption of energy, the emission of CO2 and the depletion of natural resources (Medeiros,

Durante and Callejas, 2018).

Companies are sustainable when they include social and environmental priorities in their

economic activities (Grejo & Lunkes, 2022) as well as when they consider the rational use of

public resources (Guimarães Aragão, Alves Pereira, & Florêncio da Silva, 2022).

With this, alternative solutions have been sought in the last decades to reduce

environmental impacts in the construction sector, verifying different approaches, among which

are: reduce energy consumption using low-energy materials (eco-materials); develop energy-

efficient buildings with high thermal insulation, integrations of renewable energies (solar, wind,

geothermal), or using the principles of eco-architecture to optimize the energy consumption of

buildings (Caldas, Carvalho e Toledo Filho, 2020).

Within this framework, criteria and performance indicators in sustainable construction

are needed to assess the performance of a building/facility and measure its impact on the

environment. They need to be comprehensive to address specific environmental

issues/problems. These are commonly identified as population growth, availability and use of

natural resources such as land, water and forests, depletion of non-renewable resources such as

mineral reserves and fossil fuels, urbanization, pollution, geopolitical problems, habitat

destruction/deterioration (loss of biodiversity), global warming, stratospheric ozone

destruction, soil erosion, acid deposition, waste, indoor environment.

These performance indicators are characterized as specific units of measurement used

to describe performance criteria both quantitatively and qualitatively. Value parameters provide

information about a phenomenon by measuring progress towards sustainability in a simplified

and easily understandable way. However, they need to cover relevant environmental impact

and other sustainability aspects, as well as being verifiable and measurable, mutually

independent of each other and comparable at a reference level.

Based on this, a PhD-level study was conducted with real estate incorporation

companies active in Brazil, Mexico and the United States (USA), with a view to investigating

the adoption of the corporate social responsibility management system and socio-environmental

sustainability practices (mandatory and voluntary).

2 THEORETICAL FRAME

Below we will present a detailed analysis based on a systematic set of publications and

practices carried out in the construction companies of the three countries.

2.1 Brazilian companies

To analyze the environmental practices carried out by the companies, it began with a

check-list of the publications, considering what was published by the companies in their

environmental reports, assuming the publicity of the acts as a way of attracting investors. Table

1 presents the results found:

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Table 1 - Analysis of publication of environmental practices of Brazilian companies MRV and Eztec

Category Subcategory MRV EZTEC

Environmental Policies Statement of current policies, practices, actions 1. NP

Establishment of environmental targets and objectives 1. NP

Certification or compliance with environmental laws and

standards 1. NP

Partnerships, councils, environmental forums 1. NP

Prizes and participation in environmental indices 0 NP

Participation in environmental organizations 0 NP

Environmental relationship with stakeholders 1. NP

Environmental Management

and Audit

Environmental risk management 1. NP

14000 ISOs 1. NP

Environmental performance indicators 1. NP

Environmental review or internal environmental audits 1. NP

Evaluation including independent opinion 1. NP

Environmental Impacts Waste and scrap 1. NP

Leaks, spills and utilized land 0 NP

Repairs to environmental damage 1. NP

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission 1. NP

Emission of ozone-depleting substances 1. NP

Eco-friendly products Developing green products 1. NP

Recycling 1. NP

Packaging process (reuse of packaging) 0 NP

Efficient use and/or reuse of water 1. NP

Energy Resources Development or exploitation of new energy sources 1. NP

Use of material waste for energy production 1. NP

Consumption of energy from renewable sources 1. NP

Business Efforts to Reduce Energy Consumption 1. NP

Environmental Education and

Research

Environmental education (internally and/or community) 1. NP

Support for research related to the environment 1. NP

Carbon Credit Market Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects 1. NP

Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) 1. NP

Carbon offsets or carbon credits 1. NP

Sustainability and Biodiversity Mention of sustainable development 1. NP

Forest management and/or reforestation 1. NP

Preservation of biodiversity and natural resources 1. NP

Environmental Financial

Information

Environmental investments 1. NP

Environmental Recipes 1. NP

Environmental costs and/or expenses 1. NP

Environmental liabilities and contingencies 1. NP

Environmental item accounting practices - measurement

criteria 1. NP

Environmental insurance 1. NP

Intangible environmental assets 1. NP

Total Score 36 NP

Source: Prepared by the author (2021). NP - Not Published.

From the check-list it was found that MRV presented 36 points out of 40 total, thus there

was a concern of the company to present its environmental practices in the annual reports.

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

EzTec found that the company does not produce sustainability report publications, but

demonstrates clear concerns about the environmental area and the quality sector, according to

the practices listed in Table 2, collected from information disclosed in news

(https://www.eztec.com.br/blog-resultados-de-busca/?termo=sustentabilidade) and in its blog

(https://www.eztec.com.br/blog/). In addition, the company makes this concern clear in its

corporate governance policy.

Table 1 - Environmental practices of Brazilian companies

MRV EZTEC

Constructive system concrete wall

EZTEC develops the Waste Management Program,

aiming to minimize the impact of its activities on the

environment, besides favoring the organization and

cleaning of the work and controlling waste. Waste

management is carried out from the planning to the

completion of the enterprise.

In spite of adopting, in its works, some recycling

materials, such as ecological granite, the MRV focuses

on reuse. It partners with six

recyclers and entities in various municipalities to properly allocate materials that can no longer be used.

LEED Gold (Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design) seal of sustainable

construction. The achievement of LEED was made

possible by the sustainable practices that guided the

construction process of the enterprise.

Emission control is done by specific software,

automatically integrated every month to the MRV

computerized management system. The process

allowed for improved information flow and

accounting of built units and helped reduce errors,

which impacted the database and the outcome in

relation to the target.

Solutions based on home automation technology for

efficient use of water and energy.

Waste management in works Application of standards 9000 and 9001

Life-cycle assessment with tools for more informed

decisions Application of Standard 14001

Photovoltaic energy saving plans -

Reducing water consumption and reuse -

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

As shown in Table 2, both companies are concerned about the adoption of sustainable

constructive methods. Concern has been observed with the reduction of carbon emissions, water

and energy consumption. In addition, practices have been identified for the management of

solid waste generated in the works, a problem that has been presented as a global emergency,

given the impacts generated to the environment. EzTec highlights the adoption of standards

9000, 9001 and 14001, in addition to obtaining the LEED Gold certification seal.

Regarding the social practices adopted by the companies, they were also analyzed on

the basis of a check list to raise an index of disclosure, considering at this stage the results

verified in the Brazilian companies analyzed in this study. The results presented by MRV

Engenharia and EzTec are presented in Table 2.

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Table 1 - Analysis of publication of the social practices of Brazilian companies MRV and EzTec

Category Subcategory MRV EZTEC

Community Voluntary programs 1. NP

Sponsorship of public health projects 1. NP

Relations with indigenous and quilombo peoples 1. NP

Sponsorship of conferences, seminars, exhibitions or campaigns 1. NP

Donations of resources to public benefit entities or OSCIP 1. NP

Support for education 1. NP

Housing and food support 1. NP

Support for culture 1. NP

Support for sports activities 1. NP

Relationship with stakeholders 1. NP

Decisions or fines related to the community in which it operates 1. NP

Investments of a social nature 1. NP

Diversity Number of women and/or minorities in the labor force 1. NP

Occupation of women and/or minorities in managerial positions 1. NP

Proportion of basic salary between men and women 1. NP

Recruitment of persons with disabilities 1. NP

Non-discrimination against minorities 1. NP

Products, Services and Consumers Quality Programs - ISO 9000 and 9001 1. NP

Product Innovation (Research and Development) 1. NP

Products according to safety standards 1. NP

Consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction 1. NP

Unfair competition or trust practices 1. NP

Relationship with Employees Number of employees, length of service in the company and age groups 1. NP

Compensation of employees (average and/or total) 1. NP

Trade union relations or relations with class bodies 1. NP

Culture incentive programs 1. NP

Development of recreational and sports activities 1. NP

Employee education and training 1. NP

Health, hygiene and safety at work 1. NP

Accidents at work, occupational diseases, absenteeism and deaths 1. NP

Retirement and supplementary pension schemes 1. NP

Aid for nursery and scholarship for children of employees 1. NP

Maternity and paternity support 1. NP

Profit sharing 1. NP

Turnover rate and termination policy 1. NP

Employee participation in management decisions 1. NP

Professional satisfaction and motivation of employees 1. NP

Child labor, forced labor or slave-like labor 1. NP

Investments in managerial development 1. NP

Value added per employee 1. NP

TOTAL 40 NP

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

With regard to social practices, it was found that MRV has a greater adoption of

disclosure of its activities in this area, with 100% of the check-list identified, while EzTec

recalls that the company does not make sustainability report publications, but demonstrates

clear concerns with the social question, having been again raised social practices performed and

more highlighted by companies and presented in Table 2.

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Table 2. Social practices of Brazilian companies

MRV EZTEC

Increased number of women working in the company

for gender equity

Platinum wheel guide seal of accessibility, resulting

from a series of technical visits to the site, guided by

the NBR 9050 and conducted by architects specialized

in accessibility, accompanied by people with difficulty

of movement.

MRV Institute

Options of dwellings in construction sites

recovery and revitalization of the surroundings of the

enterprises

Projects for urban improvement

Sustainable awareness for residents

Selective collection in condominiums and

surroundings

Customer and vendor relationship channels

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

From Table 2 it is possible to verify that the social practices of EzTec are very scarce,

being highlighted only the concern of the company with the accessibility in its buildings.

2.2 United States

In order to verify the environmental practices performed by the US construction

companies analyzed in this study, the initial check-list was considered as the basis for

identifying the basic behavior of these companies, and the results were verified in Table 3. Table 3 - Analysis of publication of environmental practices of American companies Skanska and Jacobs

Category Subcategory Skanska Jacobs

Environmental Policies Statement of current policies, practices, actions 1. 1.

Establishment of environmental targets and objectives 1. 1.

Certification or compliance with environmental laws and

standards 1. 1.

Partnerships, councils, environmental forums 1. 1.

Prizes and participation in environmental indices 1. 1.

Participation in environmental organizations 1. 1.

Environmental relationship with stakeholders 1. 1.

Environmental Management

and Audit

Environmental risk management 1. 1.

14000 ISOs 1. 1.

Environmental performance indicators 1. 1.

Environmental review or internal environmental audits 1. 1.

Evaluation including independent opinion 1. 1.

Environmental Impacts Waste and scrap 1. 1.

Leaks, spills and utilized land 1. 1.

Repairs to environmental damage 1. 1.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission 1. 1.

Emission of ozone-depleting substances 1. 1.

Eco-friendly products Developing green products 1. 1.

Recycling 1. 1.

Packaging process (reuse of packaging) 1. 1.

Efficient use and/or reuse of water 1. 1.

Energy Resources Development or exploitation of new energy sources 1. 1.

Use of material waste for energy production 1. 1.

Consumption of energy from renewable sources 1. 1.

Business Efforts to Reduce Energy Consumption 1. 1.

Environmental Education and

Research

Environmental education (internally and/or community) 1. 1.

Support for research related to the environment 1. 1.

Carbon Credit Market Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects 1. 1.

Reduced Emission Certificates (RECs) 1. 1.

Carbon offsets or carbon credits 1. 1.

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Category Subcategory Skanska Jacobs

Sustainability and Biodiversity Mention of sustainable development 1. 1.

Forest management and/or reforestation 1. 1.

Preservation of biodiversity and natural resources 1. 1.

Environmental Financial

Information

Environmental investments 1. 1.

Environmental Recipes 1. 1.

Environmental costs and/or expenses 1. 1.

Environmental liabilities and contingencies 1. 1.

Environmental item accounting practices - measurement

criteria 1. 1.

Environmental insurance 1. 1.

Intangible environmental assets 1. 1.

Total Score 40 40

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

As shown in Table 3, both companies meet 100% of the environmental practice

checklists, which indicates a concern to register and present to their stakeholders the

environmental practices carried out, believing that this is part of the corporate image strategy.

In order to better understand the practices adopted by the companies, a mapping of the

environmental practices disclosed by them was also carried out and those considered as main

ones are presented in Table 3.

Table 1. Environmental practices of U.S. companies Skanska and Jacobs

Skanska Jabobs

At Skanska, we take care of life. That means making

sure our employees come home to their friends and

family every day unharmed. It means supporting a

healthy work environment that attracts talented

people and helps raise standards in our

industry. Businesses and communities cannot

prosper for generations if they cannot keep people

safe and healthy.

In April, we published our first company Climate Action

Plan committing to 100% renewable energy for our

operations in 2020, net zero carbon for our operations and

business trips in 2020, and negative carbon for our

operations and business trips by 2030. We have reached the

net zero carbon according to the global standard PAS 2060:

2014. In addition to meeting our 2020 targets, we have

developed science-based carbon reduction targets for our

direct and indirect emissions and have been approved by

ScienceBased Targets. In FY20, we saw a 33% reduction in

total calculated carbon emissions (Scopes 1, 2 and a part of

Scope 3) to 116,466 tCO2e, as well as a 50% reduction in

our travel-related carbon emissions2 - both from a FY19

Baseline.

From working with customers to help them design

and build sustainable facilities to our own ISO 14001

certification, we have a responsibility to help

improve the environment in the communities where

we work.

We are renewing our PlanBeyond sustainability strategy

and updating our materiality assessment.

La Guardia Terminal B is awarded Envision

Platinum v3 (the world's first airport certified to this

standard).

The Bank of America Tower of Skanska

Commercial Development is the first building in the

United States - and the third in the world - to obtain

LEED® v4 Platinum Core and Shell certification.

With our evolve,drive digital technology tool, the U.N.

Sustainability Goals and a database of over 700

sustainability commitments and indicators combine to help

projects of all sizes, at every stage of the project lifecycle,

identify,

implement and track metrics to build a better, more

sustainable tomorrow.

The group-wide carbon reduction target is

announced: net zero emissions by 2045 with a 50%

reduction by 2030. Skanska joins the Exponential

Roadmap, supporting the development of the

Business Playbook 1.5ºC. Skanska

launches two tools to empower energy-efficient

building choices: Insight - which identifies and

classifies potential operating carbon - and the EC3

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Skanska Jabobs

tool - which captures the embedded carbon of a

building.

Skanska signs "We are still in", committing to the

goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

From Table 3 it is possible to verify that the practices involve everything from the search

to maintain a quality work environment to the compliance with ISO 14001 standards. The

climate agreement is also the focus of both companies, with the reduction of carbon emissions

being sought in their activities. LEED certification is also mentioned by Skanska. Companies

highlight the use of their own tools as a means to achieve results in sustainability.

The social practices of companies in the construction sector were also analyzed on the

basis of the check list verifying how companies have considered the different social themes in

their reports. Verified results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Analysis of publication of the social practices of American companies Skanska and Jacobs

Category Subcategory Skanska Jacobs

Community Voluntary programs 1. 1.

Sponsorship of public health projects 1. 1.

Relations with indigenous and quilombo peoples 1. 1.

Sponsorship of conferences, seminars, exhibitions or campaigns 1. 1.

Donations of resources to public benefit entities or OSCIP 1. 1.

Support for education 1. 1.

Housing and food support 1. 1.

Support for culture 1. 1.

Support for sports activities 1. 1.

Relationship with stakeholders 1. 1.

Decisions or fines related to the community in which it operates 1. 1.

Investments of a social nature 1. 1.

Diversity Number of women and/or minorities in the labor force 1. 1.

Occupation of women and/or minorities in managerial positions 1. 1.

Proportion of basic salary between men and women 1. 1.

Recruitment of persons with disabilities 1. 1.

Non-discrimination against minorities 1. 1.

Products, Services and

Consumers

Quality Programs - ISO 9000 and 9001 1. 1.

Product Innovation (Research and Development) 1. 1.

Products according to safety standards 1. 1.

Consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction 1. 1.

Unfair competition or trust practices 1. 1.

Relationship with Employees Number of employees, length of service in the company and age

groups

Compensation of employees (average and/or total) 1. 1.

Trade union relations or relations with class bodies 1. 1.

Culture incentive programs 1. 1.

Development of recreational and sports activities 1. 1.

Employee education and training 1. 1.

Health, hygiene and safety at work 1. 1.

Accidents at work, occupational diseases, absenteeism and deaths 1. 1.

Retirement and supplementary pension schemes 0 0

Aid for nursery and scholarship for children of employees 0 0

Maternity and paternity support 0 0

Profit sharing 0 0

Turnover rate and termination policy 1. 1.

Employee participation in management decisions 1. 1.

Professional satisfaction and motivation of employees 1. 1.

Child labor, forced labor or slave-like labor 1. 1.

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

Category Subcategory Skanska Jacobs

Investments in managerial development 1. 1.

Value added per employee 0 0

Total

35 35

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

Looking at the results described in Table 4, it is possible to see that companies exhibit

similar behavior in relation to social sustainable practices, identifying a score of 35 for both,

which indicates that they publish 87.5% of the listed practices. In order to gain a better

understanding of the practices of American companies, the main ones have been compiled into

a table and are presented below.

Table 4. Social practices of U.S. companies

Skanska Jacobs

We must work hard to ensure that our

workforce reflects the diversity of the

communities in which we operate, combining

it with a true culture of inclusion that invites

new ideas and different approaches.

We are building an inclusive culture where all employees feel

they belong. Our culture is the basis for selecting, developing

and retaining Jacobs' best and brightest minds.

Skanska is a big company, which means a

significant ability to make a difference in the

communities where we work. From

volunteering time to support local causes to

dedication to helping small businesses learn

how to do business with us, we can help

support the social and economic aspects of the

triple bottom line.

100% of Jacobs' Senior Leadership Team trained in Mental

Health.

More than 36,000 hours of volunteer work He donated over $300,000 in corporate and employee funds to

Water for People.

More than $9 million donated to local charity

initiatives

Our 11-year-old Joseph Jacobs fellowship program added 20

new students and renovated the fellowship for 43 students,

awarding $184,500 in total in fiscal year 2020

Named to Forbes 2021 List of Best Employers

for Diversity

Bringing technical capacity to our communities: We are testing

a U.S. program to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in

community wastewater streams.

Eight Jacobs volunteers traveled to Sierra Leone to help relocate

more than 2,000 people from 62 slums in Freetown.

Published a Socioeconomic Inclusion Policy for the whole

company

We launch a new global and integrated wellness strategy

(physical, mental, financial, social and workplace) for Jacobs

employees and their families.

We joined the Business Coalition in supporting passage of the

Equality Act in the United States. This group of

over 270 leading employers in the U.S. - including many of our

clients - support passage of federal legislation that would provide

the same

basic protections for LGBTI+ people as those afforded to other

groups protected under U.S. federal law

Looking ahead, our aspirational goal is to create a 40-40-20

gender-balanced workforce worldwide (40% men, 40% women

and 20% open to any gender) over the next five years

Source: Prepared by the author (2021).

Organizational Dynamics in Civil Construction: Sector Study on Corporate Social and Environmental

Responsibility in Companies in Brazil, Mexico and the United States of America

____________________________________________________________________

Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n.1 | p.1-18 | e03106 | 2023.

As can be seen in Table 4, companies present practices aimed both at the internal public

and the external public, with actions of balance of diversity in their environment and support to

the community.

2.3 Mexico

As well as in the analysis conducted with the companies in Brazil and the United States,

the environmental sustainability practices performed by the organizations of the construction

sector in Mexico selected for this study were also verified, and the results found presented in

Table 5.

From Table 5 it is observed that the Mexico ICA Group meets 100% of the checklist

requirements, while Carso meets 90% of the researched list, not attending partnerships,

councils, environmental forums, participation in environmental organizations, evaluation

including independent opinion and development of ecological products.

Table 5. Analysis of

publication of

environmental practices of

Mexican companies