Draft On Gang culture among disenfranchised youth

Supplementary Research Articles - Summaries and Analysis

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Academic Institution

November 22, 2019

Supplementary Research Articles - Summaries and Analysis

Article 1

“No time to quit: Engaging Youth at Risk Executive Report of the Committee on Young Males and Crime in Trinidad and Tobago’ by Professor Selwyn Ryan and peers is published at the UNDP website. The literature represents jurisprudence as it studies juvenile delinquency in relation to the law and intervention and prevention programs.

Article Summary

The researchers investigate the issue of youth gangs in Trinidad and Tobago, and the solutions that can lead to intervention and prevention. Economic and social reason are the key reasons for youth gangs, with males being highest participants. The authors believe that government has a role to play and therefore recommends programs around the law to help with this.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article was published in 2013, but I chose to use because I noted how rich a source it is to contributing to my research question regarding what prevention programs have been proven effective.

Article 2

“Developmental Pathways of Youth Gang Membership: A Structural Test of the Social Development Mode” by Bishop et al. is published at the NCBI Resources website. The article represents jurisprudence as it tests prevention programs that can prevent youth gangs.

Article Summary

The researchers employ the structural equation modeling approaches to test the effectiveness of the social development model (SDM) to forecast “developmental pathways that increase and decrease the likelihood of gang membership” (Bishop et al., 2017). They conclude that SDM is indeed effective for this purpose.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article builds my knowledge in regards to my research question regarding what prevention programs have been proven effective.

Article 3

“Beyond Youth Custody” by Viv Francis and peers is published at the beyond youth custody website. It represents jurisprudence as it investigates youth gangs in relation to the law.

Article Summary

This article examines gang youth associations and memberships, and proposes interventions for the same.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This detailed literature will help answer my research question regarding what effective solutions exist for this issue.

Article 1

“Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs” by James Howell is published at the NCJRS governmental website. The article represents sociology, as it studies the interaction of youth gangs and the reason for persistent issue of youth gangs in society.

Article Summary

Howell notes that youth join gangs for social and economic reasons. However, such associations put them at high risk of juvenile delinquent behavior as they turn aggressive and violent, leaving them isolated and feeling unsafe, and thereby forcing them to retreat to their gangs. However, communities can prevent youths from joining gangs through the implementation of intervention and prevention strategies

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article provides an answer to my research question of how the community has any role to play in preventing youth gangs.

Article 2

“Gangs and a global sociological imagination” by Alistair Fraser and John Hagedorn is published at the NIH government website. It represents sociology as it tackles this topic from a global perspective.

Article Summary

The literature looks at youth gang as an issue related to globalization. This sensitive matter is affecting the global society as it progresses beyond boundaries to become territorial.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This interesting perspective will help answer my research question of how the community, now turned global, has any role to play in preventing youth gangs.

Article 3

“An Examination of the Relationship between Gang Membership and Hopelessness” by Erica Vera examines hopelessness as a driving factor in youth gangs.

Article Summary

The article demonstrates that when the youth have no hope, they will always get to objectify something.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article will help to broaden my perspective on my initial question of what other factors that drive youth to joining gangs.

Article 1

“The Gang, Violence and the Life Course for Indonesian Male Youth” by Pam Nilan is published at Research gate website. It represents anthropology considering the researchers study the behavioral pattern of youth gangs in Indonesia.

Article Summary

This article examines the issue of male youth gangs in Central Java, Indonesia and their stand-over tactics. Nilan concludes that these associations and activities are linked to the broken transition to masculine adulthood.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article perfectly answers my research question of masculinity and youth gang membership and activities.

Article 2

“The Semiotics of the Evolving Gang Masculinity and Glasgow” is an article by Robert McLean and Chris Holligan that is published in the Social Sciences journal. The piece represents anthropology, considering the researchers study the behavioral pattern of youth gangs in Glasgow.

Article Summary

The researchers observe how persistent and historical the culture of youth gangs has remained in Glasgow. As such, they argue that there are factors that determine gang dimensions and as such, connect the progression of phenomenon to the youth’s need to prove masculinity and gain and maintain territory.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article builds my knowledge in regards to my research question about what activities attract and keep youth into gangs so that they maintain membership and a sense brotherhood.

Article 3

“Masculinities of Gang Violence in Latin America and Caribbean” by Adam Baird is published at the World Peace Foundation website. This article represents anthropology as it studies human’s aspects in youth gun culture.

Article Summary

The author looks at how young men in Latin America and the Caribbean behave in relation to youth gang culture.

The implications of what the article has to say regarding your research question

This article has helped me understand youth gang culture by answering my question of masculinity and youth gang membership and activities

References

Baird, A. (April 19, 2016). The Masculinities of Gang Violence in Latin America and Caribbean. World Peace Foundation. https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2016/04/19/the-masculinities-of-gang-violence-in-latin-america-and-caribbean/

Bishop, A. S., Hill, K. G., Gilman, A. B., Howell, J. C., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (2017). Developmental Pathways of Youth Gang Membership: A Structural Test of the Social Development Model. Journal of crime and justice, 40(3), 275–296. doi:10.1080/0735648X.2017.1329781

Francis, V., Liddle, M., McAteer, L., & Wright, S. (2014). Beyond Youth Custody. pp.1-80

Fraser, A., & Hagedorn, J. M. (2018). Gangs and a global sociological imagination. Theoretical criminology, 22(1), 42–62. doi:10.1177/1362480616659129

Howell, J. C. (December, 2010). Gang Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs. OJJDP. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/231116.pdf

MacLean, R., & Holligan, C. (July 30, 2018). The Semiotics of the Evolving Gang Masculinity and Glasgow. Social Sciences, 7, 125 pp. 1-17. doi:10.3390/socsci7080125

Nilan, P. (July, 2010). The Gang, Violence and the Life Course for Indonesian Male Youth. pp. 11-17

Ryan, S., Rampersad, I., Bernard, L., Mohammed, P., & Thorpe, M. (2013). No time to quit: Engaging Youth at Risk Executive Report of the Committee on Young Males and Crime in Trinidad and Tobago. UNDP, pp.1-437

Vera, E. (2011). An Examination of the Relationship between Gang Membership and Hopelessness. Arizona State University, pp.1-78