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Exercise-Based Oncology in Lung Cancer Rehabilitation Therapy

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Lung cancer affects patients both physically and psychologically. Lung cancer affects patients by reducing both their physical and psychological functioning. Due to low oxygen intake, patients tend to have reduced respiratory functioning and exercise. Patients with lung cancer are expected to live 7-10 years which reduces life expectancy.1 Difficulty in breathing increases depression, stress and anxiety. These increases loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrheal which leads to body weight loss. Their social life is affected by the loss of hair, mouth sores and increased stigmatisation. Cancer survivors, especially in lung cancer, need rehabilitative and exercise interventions through properly delineated models which will facilitate rehabilitation. Community- based cardiac rehabilitation programs as used in rehabilitating patients with coronary heart disease bases on oncology rehabilitative programs.2 Lung cancer patients can adopt oncology rehabilitative programs through the cardiac rehabilitative model for successful rehabilitation.

Pulmonary rehabilitation has proven to be safe for patients with lung cancer. The surgical procedures can be performed in different situations. However, there is limited evidence of routine functionality assessment before the surgical procedures. The patients exercise capacity remains a vital area to be effectively managed for therapeutic and prognostic reasons.3,1 Pre-habilitation remains a core area which helps cancer patients improve their exercise capacity, therefore, reducing motility and morbidity operations. Poor physical and psychological performance in Taiwan and U.S.A. between the period 2002 and 2008, caused deadly malignancy which estimated at nearly 33,200 cases. The surgical resection undertaken by lung cancer patients during this period had low survival rates due to low exercise capacity.2 These make oncology rehabilitation strategy including language pathology, manual therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy the best strategies for lung cancer rehabilitation.

Oncology rehabilitation therapy to cancer patients, helps patients increase their exercise capacity. Lung cancer rehabilitation therapy helps patients to have Increased strength, endurance and decreasing emotional issues in socio-psychological events. Improved mental and cognitive process which improves the well-being of cancer patients, reduced levels stress, depression and anxiety marking a psychological improvement, increased lung capacity through aerobic strength and decreasing swelling of lymph's nodes.3 During treatments like allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, distress causes patients hanging cancer-related treatments to experience because of uncertainty. These uncertainties are due to family strain and health burden. However, effective rehabilitation strategies can help to improve both the physical and psychological state of lung cancer patients preparing them for any related diseases.4 It becomes imperative for the therapist to plan for an effective oncology rehabilitation therapy to help lung cancer patients recuperate.

Oncology rehabilitation provides speech and language pathology, manual therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy which can help in proving rehabilitation to lung cancer survivors. Language pathology helps therapist address problems including dry mouth, difficult on swallowing, loss of voice and cognitive changes. Manual therapy includes oncology physical therapy like physical exercises which helps in improving patients body functionality.4,3 Physical therapy includes advanced oncology therapy activities by therapist including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and physical exercises. Occupational therapy is used by occupational therapists to optimise and improve lung cancer participation in daily activities. According to CDC, increased efforts to improve oncology rehabilitation programs has reduced the morbidity and mortality in lung cancer patients. The rates have reduced from 47 % in 2012 to 28 % in 2017 which is a relief to the medical sector in U.S.A.5

Oncology rehabilitation therapy provides an inclusive package for lung cancer patients. Oncology rehabilitative programs can be used to provide the constructs of effective cancer-related impairments through rehabilitation. The major impairments of cancer reduce through physiologic capacity and persistent impacts of cancer therapy.2,4 Rehabilitation through oncology programs will help in increasing the aerobic fitness and strength while decreasing deficits and lymphedema symptoms and managing weight through loss and maintenance. Although cancer rehabilitation practitioners do not assure that oncology rehabilitation is proven to be successful in interventions for cancer survivors, lung cancer patients can benefit from the rehabilitation therapy.5

In conclusion, oncology rehabilitation therapy provides the best avenue for lung cancer rehabilitation. The therapy helps in Increasing strength, endurance and decreasing emotional issues in socio-psychological events. Improved mental and cognitive process which improves the well-being of cancer patients, reduced levels stress, depression and anxiety marking a psychological improvement, increased lung capacity through aerobic strength and decreasing swelling of lymph's nodes. Oncology rehabilitation through physical and psychological exercises helps cancer patients to rehabilitate effectively.

References

1. Li T, Yang M, Tseng A, Lee H. Pre-habilitation and rehabilitation for surgically treated lung cancer patients. Journal of Cancer Research and Practice. 2017;4(3):89-94. doi:10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.06.001

2. Kuba K, Esser P, Scherwath A et al. Cancer-and-treatment-specific distress and its impact on posttraumatic stress in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Psych oncology. 2016;26(8):1164-1171. doi:10.1002/pon.4295

3. Dittus K, Lakoski S, Savage P et al. Exercise-Based Oncology Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2015;35(2):130-139. doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000091

4. Tiep B, Sun V, Koczywas M et al. Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Palliative Care for the Lung Cancer Patient. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing. 2015;17(5):462-468. doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000187

5. Michaels C. The importance of exercise in lung cancer treatment. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2016;5(3):235-238. doi:10.21037/tlcr.2016.03.02