Project Proposal Pt 2

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The Restoration of Space

Hello and Welcome

My Name is Zainudin Smith

I am the Lead Organizer For the Space Restoration Program

Please Contact Me via email: [email protected]

Overview

What is Space Debris?

Causes

Problem

Approach

Course of Action

Budget

Conclusion

References

What is Space Debris?

Artificial material that is orbiting Earth but is no longer functional

Space Debris Consist of Broken Satellites, Pieces of Space Craft, Parts of Rockets

The objects fly around earth’s orbit can reach speeds up to 18,000 mph

Satellites

990 satellites are launched into space per year

60% of the satellites in space are not operational

Only 40% are actually operational

Space Craft Pieces

Rockets Parts

A piece of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket

Rocket Parts are the most dangerous because most debris burns up in the atmosphere but in the case of Larger debris they can actually reach the ground intact

Space debris is caused by increased human activities within space

Countries such as Russia, The United States, and China have the most items in space

Causes

Chinese Fengyun-1C spacecraft in 2007

The deliberate destruction of this defunct satellite, using a ground-based, medium-range ballistic missile. This was widely condemned throughout the international space community, left a cloud of potentially hazardous debris in a heavily used belt of Earth orbit.

2009 collision of an American and a Russian spacecraft

The accidental collision of an American and a Russian spacecraft in 2009 alone increased the large orbital debris population in LEO by approximately 70%, posing greater collision risks for spacecraft operating in low Earth orbit.

Problem

Collisions and Human Destruction of Satellites

Debris that re-enter the Earth’s Orbit

(Wright , 2010)

The Never-Ending Cycle

Collisions of Spacecrafts and Human Destruction of Satellites cause more debris

Debris Damages the functional Spacecrafts

Debris are disregarded and more Spacecrafts Are sent into Space

(SatTrackCam, 2019)

Areas with Space Debris sightings

Japan

Canada

Australia

California

Oklahoma

Texas

Louisiana

Ivory Coast

Washington

Soviet Satellite Cosmos 954 Plummeted to Earth in 1978

Nuclear-powered Soviet satellite Cosmos 954 plummeted to Earth, scattering potentially radioactive debris across the Northwest Territories. The searching of the tiny radioactive pieces and clean up ended up costing Canada $14 Million Canadian Dollars

Approach

Space Crafts were built with Whipple Shield to protect them from small debris

Thrusters were installed into Satellites to help avoid larger debris

Whipple Shield

Uses the Debris Velocity to Stop It. When debris strike the shield, it breaks up into smaller pieces spreading the energy of the impact minimizing the damage

Thrusters

In 2012, US Fermi Satellite was predicted to collide with a retired Russian Spy Satellite Comos 1805 repeating the 2009 collision

Course of Action

Deployment of CubeStats

Launching Chaser Satellites

Ceramic Nets Attachments

Cube Stats

CubeSats would launched into the earth’s orbit quarterly with the purpose of monitoring debris build up and detecting any potential damage that can be caused to any functional satellites.

With the information obtained from the CubeSats, mission control can determine the areas that need the most attention.

Chaser Satellites

chaser satellite can perform rendezvous, docking to a given target, and have Added attachments

Cermaic Nets

The net will capture debris and keep it from dispersing as it re-enters the earth’s atmosphere,

Results

A Chaser Satellite with a net gun attachment feature, has the ability to capture debris, and drag it back to earth for proper disposal.

Once the debris is gathered and makes its way back to the earth, the harsh elements will cause for the majority of the debris to disintegrate as it re-enters earth’s atmosphere.

Budget

Satellite- $390 million

Cubestats- $50,000

Net- $195,000-$295,000

Launch- $10- 400 Million

Conclusion

Numerous Devices are launched into Space but Never Taken out

Space Crafts give Us the Ability to Oversee The Earth, Therefore they must be protected

If Space Debris isn’t maintained, it can prevent Space Travel and Exploration

Thank You Questions?

References

Farzan, A. N. (2021, May 8). From a Texas dental office to the Canadian tundra, here's where space debris has crashed to Earth. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/08/space-debris-crashes/

Harris, G. B. & W. (2020, May 14). How Satellites Work. HowStuffWorks Science.

https://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite10.htm

Keeter, B. (2018, December 05). Space debris. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/library/find/bibliographies/space_debris

Gruss, M. (2016, January 11). U.S. Official: China Turned to Debris-free ASAT Tests Following 2007 Outcry. https://spacenews.com/u-s-official-china-turned-to-debris-free-asat-tests-following-2007-outcry/.

Real Engineering. (2019). The Truth About Space Debris. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itdYS9XF4a0

Toor, A. (2015, November 27). A piece of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket is sitting on a beach in England. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/27/9806554/spacex-falcon-9-debris-england

Wall, M. (2011, September 2). Want to Get Rid of Space Junk? Catch It in a Giant Net. Space.com. https://www.space.com/12819-space-junk-cleanup-giant-net-tether.html

Weeden, B. (2010, November 10). 2009 Iridium-Cosmos Collision Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://swfound.org/media/6575/swf_iridium_cosmos_collision_fact_sheet_updated_2012.pdf

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