speach

CONSTRUCTING YOUR REFERENCE PAGE

AND VERBALLY CITING YOUR SOURCES

Once your speech is revised and polished, at the end of your finished outline, you will need to compose a bibliography of the sources used within your speech. The format you will be using is the bibliographic form called APA VI (American Psychological Association 6th edition). Although there is much involved with the APA format, you are simply required to model its reference citation format. Be sure to arrange your sources in ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

The manual we’ll be following is:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual (6th ed.). Washington, DC.

The following are examples of how to cite various sources in the APA style, but the following is NOT intended as a sample bibliography:

BOOKS

Here are the essentials:

Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Name of book in italics:

Only first letter of first word capitalized. Place of publication: Publishing Company.

For example:

Wood, J. T. (2011). Communication in our lives (6th ed.). New York, New York: Wadsworth.

Verbal Citation

“According to Wood’s book, Communication in our lives from 2011, …”

*Books with an editor – indicate (Ed.) or (Eds.), after the name(s) and before the date.

For example:

Lumsden, G., & Lumsden, D. (Eds.). (2005). Communicating with credibility and confidence.

New York, New York: Wadsworth.

Verbal Citation

“In their book Communicating with credibility and confidence from 2005, Lumsden and

Lumsden state that…”

*Indicate a revised or new edition after the title of the book.

For example:

Lumsden, G., & Lumsden, D. (Eds.). (2005). Communicating with credibility and confidence

(3rd ed.). New York, New York: Wadsworth.

Verbal Citation

“In their book Communicating with credibility and confidence from 2005, Lumsden and

Lumsden state that…”

*Books with no author – begin with the title, then the date, etc.

*Books with more than one author – each author must be cited in the bibliography.

ARTICLES/CHAPTERS IN AN EDITED BOOK

Here are the essentials:

Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Title of article/chapter. In Author’s first

initial and last name (Eds.), Title of book (pages of article/chapter). Place of Publication:

Publishing company.

For example:

Papa, W. H., Papa, M.J., & Buerkel, R. (2010). Competence in organizational conflicts. In W.R.

Cupach & D.J. Canary (Eds.), Competence in interpersonal conflict (pp.78-92). New

York: McGraw Hill.

Verbal Citation

“According to Papa, Papa & Buerkel in the Competence in interpersonal conflict from 2010…”

MAGAZINE ARTICLES

Here are the essentials:

Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Date). Title of article. Name of Magazine,

page numbers.

For example:

Bartholet, J. (2009, October 12). It’s a mad, mad, mad, mad world. Newsweek, 43-47.

Verbal Citation

“In an article from Newsweek in 2009, Bartholet defines…”

*Articles with no author – begin with the title, then the date, then magazine, etc.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Here are the essentials:

Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper,

page numbers.

For example:

Gittleman, L. (2009, October 31). Schools hope worst of flu is over. Morning Sun, pp. 1A, 2A.

Verbal Citation

“Gittleman explains in an article from the Morning Sun, 2009 that…”

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Here are the essentials:

Author’s last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal,

Volume, page numbers.

For example:

Bronwell, J. (2008). Exploring the strategic ground for listening and organizational effectiveness.

Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8, 211-229.

Verbal Citation

“According to Bronwell in the 2008 article in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism…”

*Journal articles paginated by issue:

Osland, J. S., & Bird, A. (2000). Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sensemaking in

context. Academy of Management Executive, 14(1), 65-79.

Verbal Citation

“In a 2000 article from Academy of Management Executive, Osland and Bird describe…”

INTERVIEWS

*For interviews, provide the name of the person interviewed the date, and what experience or expertise makes the person an appropriate source. If you were doing a speech on communication competency, and decided to interview Dr. Wendy Papa, this would be the way to cite your interview with her in your bibliography:

Dr. Wendy Papa, Interview, September 9, 2015. CMU COM 101 Basic Course Director.

Verbal Citation

“In an interview conducted on September 9th of this year, Dr. Wendy Papa, the CMU COM 101

Basic Course Director, stated that…”

BROCHURES

Here are the essentials:

Name of the company or organization that the brochure is from. (Year). Title of the brochure.

(Edition) [The word Brochure]. Place of Publication: Publishing Company

For example:

Saint Louis University Cancer Center. (2010). Preventing Cancer. (2nd Ed.) [Brochure].

St. Louis, Missouri: SLUCare.

Verbal Citation

“A brochure entitled Preventing Cancer from 2010 lists…”

ON-LINE

Here are the essentials:

Author, I. (Date). Title of article. Name of periodical. Retrieved date, from URL.

For Example:

Smyth, J. (2010). Oil and coal on the Mississippi Delta. Retrieved February 1, 2011, from

http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/

Verbal Citation

“As stated by Smyth in 2010 at the greenpeace.org website…”

ENTRY IN AN ENCYCLOPEDIA

Here are the essentials:

Author/Editor. (Date). Title of section. Title of Encyclopedia. (Volume, Page numbers).

Place of Publication: Publishing company.

For Example:

Love, C., Stamps, C., & Morgan, B. (Eds.). (2008). Plant Reproduction. In First Science

Encyclopedia. (Vol. 1. pp. 24-25). New York, New York: DK Publishing, Inc.

Verbal Citation

“In First Science Encyclopedia of 2008, Love, Stamps and Morgan identify…”

MUSIC RECORDING

Here are the essentials:

Writer, A. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. On

Title of album. [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label.

(Recording date if different from copyright date).

For Example:

Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveler [CD]. New York: PolyGram

Music.

Verbal Citation

“In the 1992 Arkansas traveler CD, Shocked describes…”

FILM OR MOVIE

For Example:

Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me

[Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

Verbal Citation

“In Scorsese’s 2000 film You can count on me…”