Simulation opnet modeleredition or river modeler edition17.5. ......opnet result needed in software need to show in class

OPNET MODELER

OPNET MODELER IS USED TO FIGURE OUT THE VERTICAL HANDOVER

I SELECTED OPNET modeler as it having in built architecture mainly

Tight coupling

Loose coupling

Neighbor bandwidth reseed

Gateway relocation

2.2.2Explanation of the above terms

· Tight coupling-in this type WLAN IS directly connected to WiMAX and LTE

Fig 4

· Loose coupling- in this WLAN is indirectly connected to WiMAX and LTE and can connect as per the need.

Fig 5

· Neighbor bandwidth reserved -in this the wlan is directly connected to WiMAX and LTE along with this 20% bandwidth is allocated for handoff so that user can use the allocated the there will be no delay in connectivity so basically this is make before break type of method and every effective.

· Gateway relocation this is heterogeneous radio access technique with is connected with different gateway, and different gate way is using, Multi Protocol Label Switching this is use because MPLS is able to encapsulation many protocol’s from different network sources.

Fig 6

2.2.3 Result and performance

· Handoff delay

Fig 7

We can see that time delay in the above chat is minimum in case of neighbor reserve as there is no need for the user to spend on figure out the bandwidth as 20% is already allocated so as a result the handoff delay is lower.

· Signal to noise ratio

Fig 8

Signal to noise ration in gateway relocation is better as it is uses mpls so no packet is losing so better signal to noise ratio as a result

· Packet drop –

Fig 9

Losses coupling have higher packet loss as there is no systematic mechanism use to relocate the packet once it’s lost and no mechanism to safe guided it.

· Handoff delay vs. velocity

Fig 9

Here we consider 0.02 as the voice inactive time and the performance of neighbor reservation and

gateway relocation is much more better as compare to the other two networks