chemistry

1. Answer the following questions

a. What is the functional group in triacylglycerol?

b. Draw the skeletal formula of linolenic acid. Why is it an unsaturated fatty acid?

c. What type of solvent is needed to remove an oil spot? Why?

d. Draw the equation for the esterification of glycerol and three palmitic acid.

2. Fill in the table below and answer the question.

Lipid	Type (fatty acid, triglyceride, phospholipid, steroid)	Polar (soluble in water?)	Nonpolar (soluble in CH2Cl2?) (CH2Cl2 = nonpolar)
Stearic acid
Oleic acid
Olive oil
Safflower oil
Lecithin
Cholesterol

b. Why are compounds in the table classified as lipids?

3. Answer the following questions

a. Functional group of glycerol: __________________

Functional group of ethanoic acid: __________________

b. Draw the equation for the esterification of glycerol and three ethanoic acid (a two carbon carboxylic acid).

c. Draw the equation for the hydrolysis of glyceryl triethanoate, the product of the reaction in part b.

4. Bromine test of unsaturation Preread the questions, then watch these two videos. I. https://www.facebook.com/chemistryaddicts/videos/alkane-and-alkene-plus-bromine-identifying-alkene-and-alkene-through-bromine-wat/1133515993416458/

II. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fzJfNSA38E

a. Fill in the table with info from the video.

Triacyglycerols	Color fades rapidly/persists	Saturated/unsaturated
Peanut oil
Olive oil

b. Draw the condensed structural formulas of stearic acid and oleic acid.

Stearic acid:

Oleic acid:

c. From the results in the table, which is more unsaturated oleic or stearic acid? Explain your reason.

d. For the results in the table, were peanut oil and olive oil saturated or unsaturated? Explain your reason.

5. Preparation of Hand Lotion

a. Watch this video to determine the pH of the hand lotion (cream with expensive pH meter ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6y9WfLJQdYIG. Google the remaining answers.

Appearance of hand lotion
pH value of hand lotion
Brand of commercial hand lotion
pH of commercial hand lotion

b. Watch this video to learn about emulsifiers in foods. We’ll use emulsifiers in a hand lotion. I. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I8GXmpKrVg Answer these video questions on a separate paper and attach 1. Emulsions contain molecules of ___________ + __________ 2. Can emulsifiers be harmful_______ Explain_______________________ 3. Emulsifiers consist of __________________________ 4. Examples of 4 emulsifiers used in foods are ______________________ 5. The emulsifier function is ___________________

II. Watch this video about Lotion Making https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGOyGbPmtLw&list=PLr_YF9AaZRqj32luz9orDVHNX1jiORRbm&index=2&t=0s Answer these video questions on a separate paper and attach. 1. What’s the purpose of the preservative?_______________ 2. How can you go “all natural” without a preservative?__________ 3. What’s the name of the preservative used?___________. 4. What lipids are used?_______________ 5. Final step used to emulsify all ingredients?_________ 6. Why cool lotion to less than 145F before adding preservative?___________ 7. Lotion label must use _________ names of ingredients. Include the list on the last page.

c. How does omitting an emulsifier affect the properties and appearance of the hand lotion?

d. How does omitting a long chain fatty acid affect the properties and appearance of the hand lotion?

Put answer to question 7 on this page.

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