ASSIGNMENT 1&2

TWO: Public Health Program

The program adopts a similar program initiated the National Diabetes Prevention Program that focuses on diverse populations with pre-diagnosed and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes families having difficulties gaining access to care that is not costly. The program targets a wide range of families caring for a loved one affected with childhood diabetes in African American communities in Gadsden County, Florida. The program is open to all ethnicities and implements plans based on their daily living. Also, the program is national, introduce, and implemented by the state and local as well through CDC finance grants. The program does partner with private and public organizations to create an intervention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a significant financier of these programs by creating awareness regarding the condition of prediabetes and educating and informing the population and how their participation in the program(s) will make a difference in their communities and promote the program as a covered health benefit. A potential solution to the problem of the lack of accessibility and affordability to care (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).

The program adopts one of the numerous approaches used in the Diabetes Prevention Program to combat the associated risk factors of an unhealthy lifestyle and physical inactivity. The program provides educational support materials to families and participants, that help in creating plans and strategies for self-management. The support material will include a community-based support group location to assist with any arising questions and supports. The community-based support group ensures specific materials and strategies for the participants furnished with information. For example, if one of the parents is not adhering to healthy eating, the community support center provides assistance and weekly physical activities for affected families. The intervention offers a core curriculum provided by the grant’s provider, CDC, or DPP. Also, there will be supervised physical activity time that counts as part of their school on a weekly or biweekly basis (Diabetes Prevention Program, 2002).

The community-driven program always builds around the decision making of community leaders; in most cases, have a partnership with researchers focusing on improving the community and sustainability application. The program will take the lead from the National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases report shown successful results of intervention programs. The program strategies focus on approved studies by NIDDK, which encourages parents and caregivers to adopt healthy habits, healthy eating, getting adequate sleep, and physical activity guide their children to develop this lifestyle will reduce and prevent childhood diabetes. As parents or caregivers have a significant role in shaping their children's lives with what they eat and drink. Also, educate your children to consume foods and beverages with low added sugar, saturated fat, and salt. The program uses better communicable ways in promoting and delivering the objective by using Choose My Plate that gives parents, caregivers, and clear children understanding (NIDDK, 2019).

In identifying, assessing the outcome of the program, we realized these children and parents move from county to county, state to state, and from one location to another. There are no substantiating data at the time of the research. However, there are proven studies that advise parents and caregivers to allow preschool-age children ages 3 through 5 years, to be physically active throughout the day that will help with their process of growth and development. Also, for school-age children ages 6 through 17 years, make them participate a minimum of an hour of physical activity each day (NIDDK, 2019).

THREE: Program Analysis

This program is aiming at identifying different causes of diabetes and also obesity and then come up with practical solutions to this problem. But it had its strength and even its weakness just like any other program. Because different people live, work, and enjoy life in a separate geographical area. They also have a different lifestyle, which makes them facing various challenges in life. However, they may have a similar difficulty in life; the highest percentages of the challenges are always different. Through the use of these programs, the relationship between diabetes and obesity is well known. The level of stress in different individuals has said to have decreased, the productivity in diverse workplaces has also risen, and the weight loss campaigns have even gone up alongside promoting the entire healthy lifestyle. According to this program, there are different public health issues which are said to be the most serious compared to others. These issues are like diabetes and obesity among the children, which is the main issue, according to this program. There are other issues like poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and inadequate income, among many others. This program intended to prevent and also manage all the health issues starting with both juvenile diabetes and obesity. The program influenced at least 33% of the state population. Also, there was a decrease of about 4% of the people who had been affected by diabetes and obesity. This program involved different administrating agencies such as the centers for disease control (CDC), women, infants and children (WIC), and also mass in motion (MIM) movement, all aiming at bettering the healthy lifestyle of different individuals. According to the program, different parents usually aim at controlling the nutrition of their children for it to develop over the child's lifetime. Also, this program deals with various social and behavioral risks that are related to both diabetes and obesity issues. Some of these risks are diet, different levels of activity, economic and social factors, ethnicity alongside the living environment (Devettere, R. J., 2016).

According to the program, diabetes and obesity are some of the leading health issues, and it is influenced by different factors that are also associated with other public health issues. One of the factors is the issue of obesity, which is said to cause diabetes. Because obesity is related to insulin resistance when it is coupled with relative insulin deficiency, thus leading to diabetes. Another factor is a family history, or parents' family is associated with diabetes. Their children have a high possibility of developing such conditions. The issue of dieting has a significant role in the children's problem, which is as a result of diabetes and also obesity. A properly balanced diet can be used to prevent and control different health problems such as obesity and diabetes. Still, it is different people facing various challenges towards having a better and balanced diet in their daily meals. One of the difficulties which make it difficult for different individuals to have a nifty diet is the issue of low income in a family. Because the price of the healthy food which can make a collection of a balanced diet is very high, thus making it difficult for those families with low income to access it. There is also the issue of physical excise.

Since different programs which lead to physical excise in different schools have been terminated, it has been difficult for different children to be involved in the physical excises practically. Also, technology has a contributing factor, which also has its pros and cons. Still, one of its demerits is that most of the kids use a lot of time in internet games, watching television among others instead of involving themselves in the physical excises. Also, they influenced a change in lifestyle due to high standards of living among some people. Due to this, some jobs do not encourage movement or hard work which can give one some excise while also. There is also the social and economic factor that deals with the amount an individual or a family can earn daily, monthly, or annually (Southworth, S., 2018). Some of the families usually make a very wee amount of money such that they cannot be able to access better schools where they are good programs towards children's diet and physical excise. There is also the issue of educating the parents on how they can prevent and control obesity and diabetes in their children. Because apart from school, children believed to be at home where their parents are monitoring and caring for them; thus, they can easily be used to manage the issue of diabetes and obesity. Also, those with low incomes are not able to buy healthy food and also due to the nature of their job they do not have the time to cook the food for the required period, thus making them opt to take they few consuming times in reparation. There is also the issue of the environment in which a family life. Some of the families usually live in poor neighborhoods as long as physical excise and access to good health care concerned due to their living standards. In some communities, there is inadequate space for the creation of playing grounds for children. And the level of poverty among the members of the community. The environment also becomes the high origin of different outbreak disease. Then there is the theoretical approach of this problem, which aims at examining the relationship between various factors and how they influence the individual risk. According to the program, there was a project which was made specifically for fighting childhood diabetes and obesity via influencing both the environmental factor and the individual factors, which may lead to a poor healthy lifestyle. To the young ones, the project advised them to use different advanced school programs and sports to better their physical excise. Then, on the other hand, the adults were encouraged to use various workplace programs to maintain their bodies in terms of reducing their weight physically. And finally, at the community level, it was to start working with local restaurants to raise healthy menu options as well as extending of the community garden space, among other possibilities (II, J. R., & Helton, J., 2015).

The program also seemed to pay little attention to some of the significant social and behavioral factors. One of the elements in which the program spent a little care was family history, which is one of the major contributors to diabetes and obesity. Most children who are associated with diabetes, their family members also have been facing the same problem, thus creating a big chance for their kids. It is a significant factor because it creates awareness among different individuals, thus preparing them psychologically, thus making them ready to fight the diseases. There is also an economic factor, which is one of the significant challenges facing health care in terms of eating. In some of the families which are mostly affected, they are not able to afford balanced diet food such as better and fresh fruits, vegetables, among others. It is an essential factor because when a family or an individual can provide healthy food, he/she or the family can smoothly avoid or mitigate this kind of risk. The other factor which was neglected was the signs and symptoms of diabetes and obesity. Also, a significant factor because when people are aware of the signs, they can easily take action to deal with it as soon as possible. Then there was the issue of inadequate income in the communities. Also, it will result in populations unable to access healthy food options. Another crucial factor because with a good salary, the people can be able to access grocery stores, Farmers' markets, and also food chains which are faster and positively effective to them. The program should also have advised different individuals on how they can be able to earn more for them to be able to afford healthy foods like healthy cereals. Finally, there is a genetic and race issue. It is a very crucial factor because when people are aware of the genes and the race which is endangered by diabetes, then they can get prepared and come up with preventive measures earlier before it affects them. (Rosenburg, G., & Weissman, A., 2012).

According to public health data, it is evident that those who were involved in similar programs have seen improvement in their health. Also, they have achieved this because they engaged in healthy eating and physical excise for about two hours per day. Studies show parents have been taught on how to prevent and manage diabetes and obesity within their children. Parents were educated on how to teach their kind's different exercises; they have been given instructions on insulin administration and also blood glucose monitoring. The program also has been involved in daily phone reminders for parents with the kind who are patients on how to adjust their insulin does as well as offering one on one educational session. Also, around one hundred and twenty-six restaurants across fourteen Massachusetts communities improved in terms of providing a healthy menu option to the members of the public. The data also shows that school nutrition programs have also improved. It also indicates that there have been partnerships with the available local farms which produce then provide healthy food to different schools. The school children also have been given a break before lunchtime for them to be able to come up with an appetite alongside taking the food with enough period to avoid rushing for the food.

On the other hand, the communities have opted to expand their walking. Then they took a crucial step in implementing safe routes for the school students to use while walking or biking to and from the school. It is also evident that the lots which had been abandoned communities have converted to green spaces and parks, which are responsible for the provision of the vegetables and fresh fruits to the communities. According to public health data, it is also evident that students who come from low-income families have also experienced an improvement in both their health and academics. Due to past programs like this, even they improved their blood pressure and body mass. The previous program also indicates that experts have involved in solving this diabetes problem by committing themselves to quality health care and also extend their services beyond the hospital mostly is states of Maryland and Virginia. Finally, the results of the program showed significant improvement as it was expected, thus making it successful although it was not 100% to the most significant percentage it met its expectations (Moini, J., & Moini, M., 2017).

Every program has its pros and cons, weakness, and also strength. But some of the programs have more advantages than disadvantages while others are the opposite. Most time, both vulnerability and depths of the program are the ones that determine its success of frailer. A program with more strengths than the weakness usually succeeds, while the opposite is also exact. According to the public health data, programs of this nature had more depth than the fault, thus impacting it to have more advantages than the disadvantages. In other words, programs of this nature have positively influenced most diabetes and obesity problems. The program has shown different ways of preventing diabetes without the use of medication. Different parents have been shown how to avoid and also control diabetes and obesity within their children. Different children have also reduced their weight through involvement in physical excise due to this program. Via this program, different restaurants were able to improve their menu options; school nutrition programs have also improved to a better percentage compared with that without the program. The program has positively influenced by teaching the communities healthy eating, physical excises, and utilization of the prior abandoned lots in terms of production and provision of the vegetables and also fresh fruits. This program also helped students from low-income families, by the provision of better healthy food and even academics. This program influenced students in terms of the providing of suitable areas for physical excises. Likewise, aside from the program is more successful in terms of the goals, it also had its failures. This program failed in

various things, such as paying little attention to some social and behavioral factors. One of the factors which this program failed in by paying little care is a family history that has been associated with diabetes and obesity. The program also spent little attention on the signs and symptoms of diabetes and obesity alongside race and even a genetic issue. Also, there was the economic factor that is said to be among the significant barriers to a portion of good healthy food. The program was supposed to pay a lot of attention to this factor because with it, and it can be beneficial to be able to access better health care food. The next consideration is the low income, which some of the families and also individuals experience. The program failed to deal with this factor, which is very crucial because it is to provide better access to a better diet, better sports, among others. Then in terms of the strengths, the program included different well-known public health institutions such as the center for decease and prevention control to help the program go through successfully. Those controlling the program made an excellent follow up for the program to measure the success of the program. Then on the other side of negative influence, the program did not address effectively some of the issues which affected health care, and instead, it paid very little attention to them. It was also selective in terms of addressing different social and behavioral factors—there some other factors which are significant such as mental health, and among others. Finally, the program did not show people with low-income ways in which they can use for them to gain more income. But generally, the plan was successful despite its weakness (Marchildon, G. P., & Matteo, L. D., 2014).

Various things such as paying little attention to some social and behavioral factors. One of the factors which this program failed in by paying wee attention is the family history which has been associated with diabetes and obesity. The program also paid a little attention to the signs and symptoms of diabetes and obesity alongside race and also a genetic issue. Also, there was the economic factor that is said to be among the major barriers to a portion of good healthy food. The program was supposed to pay a lot of attention to this factor because with it, it can be very useful to be able to access better health care food. The next factor is the low income which some of the families and also individuals experience. The program failed to deal with this factor which is very crucial because it is to provide better access to a better diet, better sports among others. Then in terms of the strengths, the program included different well-known public health institutions such as the center for decease and prevention control to help the program to successfully go through. Those who were controlling the program, made a great follow up for the program to measure the success of the program. Then on the other side of negative influence, the program did not address effectively some of the issues which affected health care and instead it paid very little attention to them. It was also selective in terms of addressing different social and behavioral factors. This is because there some other factors which are major such as mental health, access to health care and substance use disorder among others. Finally, the program did not show people with low-income ways in which they can use for them to gain more income. But generally, the program was successful despite its weakness (Marchildon G. P., & Matteo, L. D., 2014).

FOUR: Recommendations

Different programs are focused on achieving different goals. But this public health program about juvenile diabetes and obesity is focused on achieving different goals. One of the goals was to identify various causes or major influences of diabetes and obesity. Also, the program will be aimed at different public health issues apart from diabetes and obesity, such as physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and too low income, among many others. The program will also aim at explaining the relationship between diabetes and obesity and how one leads to the other. According to this program, obesity is one of the public health issues which leads to diabetes. It also involved different administrating agencies like women, infants, and children. The program also requires different social and behavioral approaches, which said to be related to obesity and diabetes, such as economic and social factors. This program included other stakeholders such as parents and schools, among others, in the fight against the significant health issues like diabetes. The program will also focus on some of the critical social and behavioral factors. Which have been neglected most of the time, but they are very crucial and also their significance. Finally, the program focused on the prevention and management of all health issues but mostly obesity and diabetes. My recommendation for the program would also be focusing on screening children as early as possible for both diabetes and obesity. If they found to have obesity or diabetes, then they should be given an intense diet, behavioral childhood obesity, diabetes treatments, and physical activities. For the improvement of the program, I also recommend the use of different strategies in the prevention of overweight children such as school-based activities, residential activities, medical, and finally, internet-delivered activities (Bagchi, D., 2010).

There are also other social and behavioral theoretical approaches, such as sociocultural and community organization variables. It is one of very crucial behavioral factor which includes different aspects such as lifestyle and cultural elements such as technology, education, and also attitudes. In terms of lifestyle, different children have different lifestyles depending on their parent’s income and education towards various public health issues and how to prevent them. It is a significant factor because there are parents who have low income, thus making it difficult for them to afford healthy food. Then also, in most cases, parents with poor education regarding obesity and diabetes are not comfortable for them to prevent this kind of public health issue within their children, such encouraging their children to engage in physical activities. Physical activities are suitable for the health of an individual. Also, help in terms of mitigating the risk of overweight among both the children and even their parents. Also, the cultural aspect, such as technology, has played a role in influencing public health issues negatively and positively depending on how one uses the technology. Some children spend a lot of time watching movies and other programs in televisions, thus lacking enough time to be involved in physical exercise, thus creating a chance for them to be affected by obesity, which gives birth to diabetes (Faintuch, J., & Faintuch, S., 2014).

Then in terms of claims from the program is that the program neglected and also paid little attention to some of the crucial issues which can help to prevent diabetes, obesity alongside different health issues. One of the problems neglects is the screening of the children at an early age to identify the problem at its early stage so that it can be controlled before it matures, thus making it easier to manage it. Also, the program did not talk about different signs and symptoms of these two major public health issues, which are obesity and diabetes. It is a significant factor because immediately, signs and symptoms start to show up the children can be taken to the hospital for early treatment. The next issue is that the program paid little attention to sociocultural and community organization variables. Some of the aspects of sociocultural the program did not give detailed information about them. In my opinion, I suggest the program be much better and more useful for the early detection and prevention of obesity and diabetes. The program should include an initial screening of the children aged below five years. Also, the program should consist of different signs and symptoms of both diabetes and obesity. Finally, the program can improve through the inclusion of detailed sociocultural and community organizational variables. And then, the program should show how society can positively use those factors to help their children in terms of preventing them from obesity and diabetes (Klachko, D. M., 2013).

Conclusion

Reference

Bagchi, D. (2010). Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity: Current Status, Consequences and Prevention. Academic Press.

Klachko, D. M. (2013). The Endocrine Pancreas and Juvenile Diabetes. Springer Science & Business Media.

Marchildon, G. P., & Matteo, L. D. (2014). Bending the Cost Curve in Health Care: Canada's Provinces in International Perspective. University of Toronto Press.

Moini, J., & Moini, M. (2017). Fundamentals of U.S. Health Care: An Introduction for Health Professionals. Taylor & Francis.

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