Soil Labs

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

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Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes

Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes

Did you know .... Did you know that proper management of nutrient applications, whether occurring in your corn field, golf course, or lawn, can help prptect our drinking water? Chapter 15 is a very important chapter to round out our nutrient discussion and detail how to manage nutrients to maximize yield, but protect our natural resources.

Lecture content notes are accompanied by videos listed below the notes in each submodule (e.g. Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Videos A thru E). Print or download lecture notes then view videos in succession alongside lecture content and add additional notes from each video. The start of each video is noted in parenthesis (e.g. Content for Video A) within each lecture note set and contains lecture content through the note for the next video (e.g. Content for Video B).

Figures and tables unless specifically referenced are from the course text, Nature and Property of Soils, 14th Edition, Brady and Weil.

Content Video A

Nutrient Management

Goals of Nutrient Management Cost effective production of high quality plants

Efficient use and conservation of nutrient resources

Maintain and enhance soil quality

Protect environment beyond soil

Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Sustainable approach to pest control that combines the use of prevention, avoidance, monitoring, and

AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S) LH

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 2/8

suppression strategies to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels and to minimize harmful effects of pest control on human health and environmental resources.

Pest

Any species that directly or indirectly causes damage or annoyance by destroying food or fiber products, causes structural damage, or creates a poor environment for other organisms; undesirable

Source: NRCS: Nutrient and Pest Management, Conservation Planning (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/)

Integrated Pest Management PAMS

Prevention

Avoidance

Monitoring

Suppression

Economic Threshold

Moving Target

Crop prices

Input prices

On-the-ground conditions

Overall goal – NOT to stop pesticide use, but to manage use to meet the economic, environmental, and production goals!

Source: NRCS: Nutrient and Pest Management, Conservation Planning (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/)

Content Video B

Best Management Practices Pesticide Application

Follow label directions

Follow application directions

Be a good neighbor!

BMP Mainstays

Buffer strips – dense vegetation along water body edge

Cover Crops – vegetative cover

Conservation Tillage - keep at least 30% of soil surface covered

Buffer Strips

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 3/8

http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/buffergrass.aspx

Cover Crops

http://www.prairiecreekseed.com/covercrops.php

http://www.prairiecreekseed.com/covercrops.php

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 4/8

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/NR/rdonlyres/276612B5-DA8A-460F-B829- 666414FD3E3C/174104/0924Tylkaphoto.jpg

http://craftsmanship.net/new-idea-for-commodity-exports/

Content Video C

Animal Manure Oldest form of fertilization

Environmental issues – Massive amount – CAFOs

Nutritional amounts vary with species and management

Requires tons material to meet crop needs

Transportation and carry costs high

Highly regulated based on size and potential to discharge

Nutrient Management Plans

Highly detailed monitoring of entire operation

Liquid waste more complicated plans

Not just for CAFOS – conservation management plans useful for ANYONE!

Inorganic Fertilizer

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 5/8

Fertilizer Grades

http://warnerfc.com/

Conversion Factors 13-13-13: How much actual P and K am I applying?

Molecular Weights: P = 31, K = 39, O = 16

Multiply Phosphate by 0.44 to yield actual P

Multiply Potash by 0.83 to yield actual K

Text Reference: Table 16.13 and Box 16.3

Content Video E

Soil Testing and Recommendations Understand crop requirements for growth

Soil test to determine extractable levels nutrients in soils (P,K, Micronutrients, pH, etc.)

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 6/8

TN – Meilich I Extractants for analysis

Soil test values NOT nutrient availability

Recommendations based on crop response

Calibration of data – crop, soil type, weather conditions ($$$)

Categorize based on RESPONSE to additional nutrients

very low, low, medium, optimum, and very high ranges

Look to add amendments to reach optimum range

Traditionally – Fertilizer Crop Now – Fertilize to meet deficiency

Soil Test vs Yield Response

http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/pages/

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

https://gotoclass.tnecampus.org/d2l/le/content/8094442/viewContent/60403438/View 7/8

Content Video F

Soil Sampling Representative Sample

Junk in – Junk out

Wide range of philosophies

Grid vs Zone Sampling

Acreage/sample varies

Depth – Use depth used to calibrate response curves

Normally 6”

Time of year - Be consistent!

Fertilizer Application Methods Various Strategies of Application

Majority our region – granular or liquid application – surface

Anhydrous Ammonia – Gas – Injection

Some micronutrients foliar applied

Split application of N common for corn (and even wheat)

Time of Application

Close to time when plant needs it as possible

Nitrification inhibitors

Liebig's Law of the Minimum

P Index

3/29/2020 Nutrient Management (Chapter 16) Notes - AGRI1050R50: Introduction to Soil Science (2020S)

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Reflect in ePortfolio Download Print

Risk assessment tool for potential P movement to surface water

Parameters – Long list

Soil texture

Soil cover and cropping practices

BMPs

Runoff Class (slope)

Annual Rainfall

Distance to surface water

Rating – Low (1) to High (8)

Management tool for P additions – Important tool with CAFOS and manure management

Comprehensive Nutrient Management Do not add nutrients just to add them!

Soil test – Get recommendations based on actual soil data

Utilize BMPs – Cover crops, conservation tillage, buffer strips

Variable Rate technology – precision ag

Ultimate Goal: Maximize yield while maintaining, preserving, and enhancing natural resources

Review Goals of nutrient management

What is IPM?

Define BMP with examples and how they work

What is a fertilizer grade?

Task: View this topic

Activity Details