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Comparing Phenomenological and Ethnographic Research Designs in Qualitative Studies

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Comparing Phenomenological and Ethnographic Research Designs in Qualitative Studies

Phenomenological and ethnographic research designs can be categorized under the qualitative research tradition; therefore, they are very similar, but they have some differences. Phenomenology as a method of study aims at exploring and does actually realize the perspectives of participants regarding a given phenomenon. It seeks to understand the phenomenon in a broad way, especially in terms of how individuals give meaning to them, and is mostly based on the interview method (Lungu, 2022). For instance, about research on the emotions of various patients suffering from chronic diseases, narratives are collected to get at the phenomenology of these chronic illness experiences.

On the other hand, ethnographic sampling is concerned with identifying the cultural groups and their behaviors in a given setting. Participants enroll themselves as quasi-ethnographers in that they document and observe the research participants in real-life settings and for an extensive period (Risku et al., 2022). An example of anthropological research would be exploring the typical work and interpersonal relationships of nurses in a health facility in an effort to capture the ethnography of the health care institution.

Despite the fact that both designs are founded on human experiences, phenomenology deals with the perception of a single person, while ethnographic shift attitudes to the overall behavior of people in a culture.

References

Lungu, M. (2022). The coding manual for qualitative researchers.  American Journal of Qualitative Research,  6(1), 232-237. https://www.ajqr.org/download/the-coding-manual-for-qualitative-researchers-12085.pdf

Risku, H., Hirvonen, M., Rogl, R., & Milošević, J. (2022). Ethnographic research. In  The Routledge handbook of translation and methodology (pp. 324-339). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315158945-24/ethnographic-research-hanna-risku-maija-hirvonen-regina-rogl-jelena-milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87