sustainability initiative

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Introduction

Nursing homes are facilities for elderly adults where they access the necessary care for their health as well as provide a social environment. Energy is one of the most important resources required for human survival and to drive economic development, which promotes social progress though the rising level of global warming affects climate change, which threatens the future of mankind. This paper is an annotated bibliography of articles that have focused on energy efficiency and thermal resilience on nursing home buildings.

Annotated bibliography

Ivanko, D., Walnum, H. T., & Nord, N. (2020). Development and analysis of hourly DHW heat use profiles in Norway's nursing homes. Energy and Buildings, 222, 110070.

This article is focused on the development and analysis of hourly DHW heat use profile in Norway nursing homes. The article suggests that the representative profile of domestic hot water heaters use is the key instrument to improve operation as well as the design of the domestic hot water system installed in buildings. The authors conducted profile development, analysis, and investigation in three different nursing homes to enhance the current method of domestic hot water heaters use. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the similarities of the profiles, which showed two seasons of domestic hot water heaters use, which were the warm season from June to October and the cold season. The findings showed that the domestic hot water heaters use was significantly different on working days and on the weekends. The obtained profile for domestic hot water use for nursing homes is compared to the profile of national and international standards and the disadvantages of the standards recognized.

Kuzgunkaya, E. H. (2019). Energy performance assessment in terms of primary energy and exergy analyses of the nursing home and rehabilitation center. Energy & Environment, 30(8), 1506-1520.

This article is focused on the energy analysis as well as energy analysis of the Narlidere Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center (HRC) in Izmir, Turkey, that was selected as a sample public facility. This facility acts as an amusing as well as a rehabilitation facility for older adults, and it also has a geriatric department functioning at the hospital. The author of the article analyzed the center through the use of actual energy consumption data obtained from different energy audits. According to the article, the center's energy and exergy efficiency was calculated to be 59% and 14% consecutively. The article's findings showed that the exergy efficiencies of space heating and cooling have low values with regard to other units in the care center. It was concluded that the particular primary energy consumption and particular energy consumption of the facility are 271.91kWh/m2 year and 290.23kWh/m2 year, respectively.

Sun, K., Specian, M., & Hong, T. (2020). Nexus of thermal resilience and energy efficiency in buildings: A nursing home case study. Building and Environment, 177, 106842.

Rough weather occurrence becomes more severe and frequent because climate change through energy efficiency technologies can impact thermal resilience in buildings, they are commonly studied separately, and their relationship is not quantified. In this article, a methodology has been developed to model and analyze to offer more understanding of the building's nexus thermal resilience and energy efficiency. A case study was carried out in a real nursing home in Florida in which 12 patients had succumbed in the process of Hurricane Irma in 2017 due to loss of HVAC system power loss to comprehend how active and passive energy efficiency measures can enhance thermal resilience to lower patient from been exposed to heat risk. The findings showed that a passive strategy of opening windows and doors for natural ventilation was effective in reducing the extreme dangerous occasions. It was also found out that the energy efficiency measures' effect on thermal resilience differs greatly depending on building and climate characteristics.