Literature Review

Criteria

Article 1

Article 2

Article 3

Article 4

Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

Al Salman, J. M., Hani, S., de Marcellis-Warin, N., & Isa, S. F.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.07.019

Hor, S. Y., Hooker, C., Iedema, R., Wyer, M., Gilbert, G. L., Jorm, C., & O'sullivan, M. V. N.

https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/26/7/552

Maheshwari, V.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190714/

Ariyaratne, M. H. J. D., Gunasekara, T. D. C. P., Weerasekara, M. M., Kottahachchi, J., Kudavidanage, B. P., & Fernando, S. S. N.

http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1854

Article Title and Year Published

2015

2017

2016

2015

Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study

The purpose of the research is to establish whether technology can be used to do away with health acquired infections in hospitals.

The purpose of the study was to establish whether HH is enough for the prevention of cross-contamination on hospital wards.

The purpose of the research was to assess the knowledge and attitude of nursing staff and residents towards hand hygiene in relation to reducing hospital-acquired infections.

The purpose of the research was to assess the attitude, knowledge to HH guidelines of nursing students and final year medical students towards hand hygiene in relation to reducing hospital-acquired infections.

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

Qualitative study- case study methodology

Qualitative study design-Ethnography study

Quantitative- a cross-sectional study.

Quantitative- Through a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study that consisted of five parts; attitudes, availability of facilities, demographic information, practices, and assessment of knowledge.

Setting/Sample

The research was carried out in Bahrain; a medical system in the nation was installed and observed for twenty-eight days. Over the twenty-eight days period, comments, suggestions, and remarks on the system were recorded and as a result improvements on the system were made on the course of the system trial.

The study was done in three hospitals in Australia. The specific areas of concern were the general surgical wards and the intensive care units. In order to examine if the infection prevention and control practices were influencing cross-contamination in hospitals, ethnography study was carried out.

The study was carried out in Bhopal city and involved 160 respondents.

The research was done at a university in Sri Lanka. There were 289 participants, of which ninety-three were nursing students and one hundred and ninety-six were medical students.

Methods: Intervention/Instruments

The case study methodology was used in the study. The case study involved studying electronic monitoring systems on HH with the aim of establishing whether health workers maintain good hand washing practices. The research team also used semi-structured interviews in order to establish whether the technology was effective or not at encouraging good hand hygiene among the complex staff members.

The study employed the use of ethnography and the grounded theory approach to collect data for the study. The practices of nurses, medical staff, nursing staff, nursing students, cleaning and clerical staff were observed for a period of twenty four weeks by the research team. In addition, semi structured interviews and reflexive sessions were carried out on selected participants to compliment the observation process.

The study is a non-experimental study as it involves the research team carrying out a cross-sectional study. In the cross sectional study, the research team analyzed the data collected from the healthcare professionals in regards to the attitudes and knowledge of hand hygiene.

A cross sectional questionnaire based study was used in the research. It consisted of five parts; attitudes, availability of facilities, demographic information, practices, and assessment of knowledge

Analysis

By using the system it was observed that hand hygiene complex went from 42% to almost 61% at the start of the use of the system.

The research team carried out a post-intervention analysis.

The Microsoft EXCEL 2010 software was used in the data analysis of the study.

The Microsoft EXCEL 2010 software was used in the data analysis of the study.

Key Findings

By the end of the trail period, it was noted that the compliance to HH had increased to 75%

The results of the study indicated that infection prevention and control practices (IPC) that involved hand wash was the main reason as to why hospital acquired infections in the three hospitals had reduced significantly

The conclusion of the study placed an emphasis on the immediate need for training on hand hygiene in order to trigger the start of an organizational culture that emphasizes on the adoption of practices that lead to the reduction of HAI.

Out of the 289 participants of the study 81% indicated that they had gone through formal training in hand washing practices, 77% had general knowledge on hand washing hygiene, only 34% had a good attitude towards hand washing and less than 32% had good practices of hand washing.

Recommendations

A threat to the credibility that might have been present was selection bias; the monitoring technology was not put all over the complex rather it was only installed in the coronary care unit. It was recommended that the system should be tested in other sections of hospitals

A threat to the study’s internal validity was identified-selection bias. There was a high likelihood that the researchers focused more on the nursing staff and the cleaning staff and it was recommended that future studies should incorporate other staff members to do away with the bias.

According to the study it was found out that healthcare professionals had the knowledge and correct attitude when it comes to hand washing but they generally did not apply the knowledge in their day to day activities. It was recommended that that health professional should be constantly reminded of the importance of health hygiene.

It was concluded that the lack of proper hand washing practices was a major contributor to hospital acquired infections and it was recommended that HH should be emphasized and monitored.

Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project

The study looks at how nurses HH affects the spread of HAI. It is in line with project’s capstone.

The study looks at how nurses HH affects the spread of HAI. It is in line with project’s capstone.

The article looks at how hand hygiene is important in hospitals. The findings of the study help in supporting the project’s capstone.

The article focuses on the importance of HH which is part and parcel of the study that is being carried out

Criteria

Article 5

Article 6

Article 7

Article 8

Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

Sendall, M. C., McCosker, L. K., & Halton, K.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/6/1067

Deochand, Neil; Deochand, Michelle E.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27348978

Chatfield, S. L., Nolan, R., Crawford, H., & Hallam, J. S.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116675098

Sarani, H., Balouchi, A., Masinaeinezhad, N., & Ebrahimitabs, E. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804055/

Article Title and Year Published

2019

2016

2016

2016

Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study

The study was carried to explore the attitudes cleaning staff in hospitals as HH.

The purpose of the research was to establish whether Hand-Hygiene Monitoring Systems are effective at reducing HAI

The purpose of the research was to capture the experiences of HH among acute care nurses.

The purpose of the research was to identify the knowledge of HH in the fight against HAI present in teaching hospitals affiliated to Zabol University.

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

Exploratory qualitative approach.

Qualitative approach-Observation

Qualitative approach-Interview

A descriptive study

Setting/Sample

Focus groups were used in the study where 12 cleaning staff participated.

The study looked at several implemented HH monitoring systems.

Eight nurses in the US performing various roles were interviewed.

The study was conducted on 170 nurses of two teaching hospitals in Zabol.

Methods: Intervention/Instruments

Focus groups were used for data collection

Observation of HH monitoring systems

Interview

A researcher-made questionnaire was used in the study.

Analysis

An interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was used

Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis was used

An interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was used.

Analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Key Findings

Cleaners in hospital are aware of the importance of HH and they attribute this to the information provided by their leadership.

Results of the study proved that HH protocol and related systems could be used in the fight against HAI.

There was a conflict between the perception of nurses and hospital management as far as HH is concerned.

The results show that less that 50% of the participants had little information as far as the relation between HH and HAI is concerned.

Recommendations

HH training and emphasis needs to be done in order to bring about improvement in HH.

There is a need for the study to be conducted in the real world for a valid conclusion on the subject matter to be done.

Infection prevention management needs to come up with proper training programs for HH for HAI to be done away with.

The recommendation of the study was that there should be more training sessions on HH for awareness to take place.

Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone

The research focused on health workers understanding the value of HH which is in line with what the project is about.

The article explores how technology can be used to enhance HH in hospitals. The findings of the study offer insight on how different HH methods can help do away with HAI

The study looked at how nurses perceived HH. The finding of the study is correlated to the project capstone as it provides an insight on how nurses, the primary study subject view HH in the fight against HAI

The study was done to show how HH is important not only for hospitals but for medicine teaching centers. The findings of the study provide relatable information in the fight against the spread of HAI.