nursing

Chronic Kidney Disease Analysis

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a pandemic issues globally. The condition occurs when the glomerular filtrate of the kidney are infested by the pathogens or injury inhibiting their proper functioning of the organ such as maintaining proper levels of regulated chemicals in the bloodstream (Iyengar and Foster, 2014). According to a report released by the National Kidney Foundation, there are some many risks associated with CKD, one significant risk being the Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, these risks endanger the health of a person calling for ongoing management over a period of many years. The health sector has labeled the disease as among the dangerous conditions claiming many lives in the 21st century (Stevens and Levin, 2013). Although the economic cost for managing the disease is high, (Hogg et al., 2003) has established some sturdy cost-effective controversies that may be prepared in the maintenance of the necessity for societies to invest in their disease treatment. Practices such as improving the health standards, long-term cost saving from complications which can be controlled, as well as workforce productivity experienced by patients and their employers. In essence, stipulates that the management of CKD is no longer assessed by the mortality rates alone but also by the quality and healthy living lifestyle of patients and the kind of therapy administered.

Presenting the case study of a 27-year old man who been diagnosed with kidney failure. According to doctor’s report, the man could only survive under dialysis management. This has been contributed by the description the patient gave and his family not being able to afford a kidney transplant. The patient admitted that he has been going for kidney problems checkup stating that the problem started one year ago from his day of admission. His health records indicate that he has had anemia and fatigue which has contributed to his deteriorating conditions. (Hogg et al., 2003) States that patients with CKD have lover quality life than other populace, while (Stevens and Levin, 2013) claims that CKD patients live a poor quality life than other patients with chronic related conditions. Thus, the management of CKD should not only be economical but should also offer the satisfactory quality of life for the patients (Iyengar and Foster, 2014).

Health practitioners have a more significant responsibility for ensuring patients with CKD have a quality life through the proper provision of medicinal healthcare. They have the responsibility to choose and advice patients for a better modality that is best for their unique requirements (Hogg et al., 2003). Therefore, health professionals should know the appropriate treatment modalities which promote a quality life for individual patients, and this understanding should be reinforced by suitable proof collected from quality research centers.

The patient has been diagnosed for CKD for the past eight months and this according to the present statistic will have a high impact in the healthcare management plan and in the two treatment modalities of the patient which is hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The two treatment will be affected through the removal of metabolic waste and excess fluids, as well as how they retain fluid and electrolyte stability, the functions the kidneys have failed to achieve (Stevens and Levin, 2013). In healthcare plan, the cost of treatment will increase, changing of meal plan, the type of work to do as a daily activities plan, patients spending three to four hours on the machine per session for dialysis, transportation cost from home to dialysis center, affects their work plan and family and how to manager overall outpatient health pan visits into the clinics (Iyengar and Foster, 2014). Delay of earlier management of the disease will place a unique demand to the patient as well as the healthcare personnel. Moreover, adhering to the lifestyle of dietary and fluid limitations and other lifestyle change connected with it (Sarnak et al., 2003).

The patient has been using medicines to control pain and reduce inflammation and fever. They are commonly used analgesics. Continual use of these drugs have a negative impact on quality of life of the patient, and both pain and its treatment can lead to various morbidities. Pain management for the patient requires the physician to carry multidisciplinary approaches both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies (Hogg et al., 2003). The analgesics affect the planning care of medications in the setting of renal disease. The patient admitted he was using some herbal drugs acting as diuretics. Herbal remedies may cause irritation or damage to the kidney (Sarnak et al., 2003). Herbal medicines such as Bucha and juniper leaves he claimed he used to interfere with the prescribed medications (Stevens and Levin, 2013).

The patient has a high blood pressure diagnosis history, and he has been checking his blood pressure rate every day. High blood pressure leads to glomerular cells deterioration. Therefore, scholars emphasize the importance of both is lowering the blood pressure and inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system as a primary goals doe renal and cardiovascular protection in chronic kidney disease (Sarnak et al., 2003). HBP will interfere with dietary and weight management plans. After the tests, the patient did not show signs of diabetes symptoms. However, the patient is at risk because glucose level of the patients is altered by the underlying symptoms of CKD. Factors such as decreased gluconeogenesis place the patient at risk for CKD infection. Control of this is using appropriate glycemic monitoring.

Interdisciplinary care (IDC) is a designated, patient positioned method that incorporates different disciplines to attain common management objectives. The system incorporates patients to be part of the decision-making process as well as their relatives for the short-term and long-term interventions. IDC addresses essential CKD education and efficiently prepares patients for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite education, another fundamental function of IDC is the setting up of patient-centered goals of care. Therefore, the medical care of patients with CKD should focus on the (1) identifying and treating the pathologic expressions of CKD, (2) delaying the progression of the disease, and (3) timely plan for long-term renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion

As discussed above, the main intervention for managing chronic kidney disease is through the lifestyle change such as dieting and doing exercises to control underlying diseases such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Treatment of earlier stages of CKD is critical in reducing the development of kidney failure (Sarnak et al., 2003). Therefore, it calls for patients to initiate cardiovascular risk factors at earlier stages of CKD to be practical in minimizing heart conditions events both before and after the onset of kidney failure.

References

Hogg, R. J., Furth, S., Lemley, K. V., Portman, R., Schwartz, G. J., Coresh, J., & Eknoyan, G. (2003). National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Pediatrics, 111(6), 1416-1421.

Iyengar, A. A., & Foster, B. J. (2014). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In Manual of Pediatric Nephrology (pp. 373-400). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Stevens, P. E., & Levin, A. (2013). Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: a synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Annals of internal medicine, 158(11), 825-830.

Sarnak, M. J., Levey, A. S., Schoolwerth, A. C., Coresh, J., Culleton, B., Hamm, L. L., & Parfrey, P. (2003). Kidney disease as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 108(17), 2154-2169.