Exercise 2

6/8 Session 11 The Second “Industrial Revolution” I. “Second Industrial Revolution” A. Most of the world never went through the “first”. B. Shift in power from Britain to Germany and the US C. Speed and Virtual Reality II. Technologies A. Electricity 1. Power Transmission 2. Light 3. Sound a. Telephone, 1876. c. Phonograph,1877 a. Telegraph I. 1844: Baltimore to Washington D.C II. Transatlantic: 1869 III. Trans-Pacific, 1902

d. Wireless Telegraphy (radio), 1985 4. Transit 1. Electric Trolleys and Trains 2. Individual speed: bicycles B. Steel 1. Vertical cities C. Chemicals 1. Consumer Products 2. Drugs 3. Fertilizer 4. Explosives D. Petroleum 1. Carbon Energy better than coal 2. Motors 3. Motor Cars 4. Aeroplanes Session 12 II. Mass Consumption and Culture A. Advertising and Print Culture 1. Shopping 2. Credit B. Health and Eugenics C. Mass Entertainment Carbon Energy and Global Commerce Global Commerce I. Acceleration A. Mass, carbon-based production vastly increases the number of goods B. Same forces lower their price C. Cheap iron, steel, pesticides, fertilizer increases agricultural yield which is shipped around the world D. Telegraphs allow price comparison and quicker market transactions II. Rapid Global Movement A. Carbon-based water travel 1. Steamships, coal then oil 2. Atlantic first crossed by steam in 1838, Pacific by 1853 3. Time to cross Atlantic: a. In 1492 (sail): over 2 months b. In 1900 (steam): about 5 days B. Carbon-based land travel 1. Railroads a. By 1880s, Western built and financed railroads all over the world b. Increasing speed C. Urban railroads I. Usually electric with coal-fired generators

d. Refrigerated railroad cars 2. Motor Cars a. Individual Mobility b. Traffic Chaos C. Carbon-based air travel 1. All powerful humans! III. Shrinking of the Globe A. The annihilation of time and space B. The Suez Canal, completed 1869 C. American “Manifest Destiny” 1. Transcontinental Railroad, completed 1869 D. Panama Canal 1. British, French, American rivalry 2. About 30000 workers died 3. Completed 1914. E. Tran Siberian Railway 1. 9,289 km, Longest rail line in the world 2. Completed 1916 Session 13 Global Commerce and Imperialism IV. Imperial Commerce A. Source of raw materials and captive markets B. Non-Western World “de-industrialized” C. Accelerated transit and information makes conquest and control easier 1. Compare earlier agrarian empires D. Cheap and abundant food for the West; Famine for the East. 1. Global famines: 1875-1878, 1896-1902, 1907, 1911 E. Modern state power required to industrialize 1. Example: Egyptian cotton industry F. Western view of imperial capitalism 1. Joseph