History Essay part2

MORALITY AND THE MARKET

Tuesday, November 7, 2017

7:29 PM

MARKET REVOLUTION

· RISE OF CITIES

· 1825-12 CITIES, APPROX. 5000 EACH

· 1850-150 SUCH CITIES

· 1860-20% OF AMERICANS(MORE IN NORTH) LIVE IN CITIES

· MARKET REVOLUTION-NORTHERN PHENOMENON

· GEOGRAPHIC & SOCIAL MOBILITY

· LARGE IMMIGRANT POPULATION

· 1860-SOUTH 0% RURAL, AGRICULTURAL

· LITTLE IMMIGRATION

· DISLIKED CITIES

 

THE MARKET REVOLUTION

· ROBUST ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR NATION

· MORE INDUSTRIALIZATION AFTER CIVIL WAR

· RISE OF FACTORY

· CHEAPER TO MAKE GOODS USING DIVSION OF LABOR

· EX. INSTEAD OF ONE PERSO MAKING CHAIRS, ONE WORKER MAKE CHAIR LEGS, ANOTHER SEATS, ETC, THEN ASSEMBLE WHOLE

· RESULT: DE-SKILLED WORKER

· CAUSED WORKER BOREDOM, DISCONTENT

· MONEY FOR OWNER

 

LOWELL MILLS

· MANAGERS AVOIEDE HORRIBLE ENGLISH FACTORY CONDITIONS

· HIRED FARM GIRLS 16-26

· PAID THEM WELL

· STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT

· NO TALKING AT WORK

· BOARDED ONSITE WITH MATRONS

· NO UNCHAPERONED DATING, NO DRINKING, CURFES

· SPARE TME

· GIRLS ATTENDED CHURCH,LECTURES

· WROTE POETRY, PULISHED MAGAZINE

· "LOWELL GIRLS" WORKED 4-5 YEARS, THEN QUIT TO MARRY

 

DECLINE OF FACTORY CONDITIONS

· LOWELL GIRLS WENT ON STRIKE FOR IMPROVEMENTS

· ENGLISH COMPETITION STIFF

· LONGER WORKING HOURS, LESS PAY, BAD CONDITIONS

· UNDERSOLD US TEXTILES

· IRISH IMMIGRANT FAMILIES & OTHER POOR HIRED IN US FACTORIES

· HOURS LONG, CONDITIONS SHOCKING, PAY LOW

· CITY SLUM AREA DEVELOPED

· WOULDNT START TO IMPROVE UNITL 1920S-1930S

 

RISE OF 3-CLASS SYSTEM

· WORKING-CLASS NUMBERS INCREASED

· FACTORIES, IMMIGRATION

· SOME, OFTEN WOMEN, WORKED AT HOME FOR PITTANCE

· SEAMSTRESSES, SHOE BINDERS, CIGAR MAKERS

· UPPER-CLASS TYCOONS

· 1ST US MILLIONAIRES

· MIDDLE CLASS;

· WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS-LIKE SHOPKEEPERS

· WELL-EDUCATED, LIVED IN SUBURBS

 

WOMEN'S SEPARATE SHERE

· MANY MEN SPENT DAY AT OFFICE

· WOMEN PRESIDED OVER HOME

· RESPONSBILE FOR NURTURE & MORAL ATMOSPHRE

· HOUSEWORK & CHILDCARE DEMANDS HUGE

· TRUE OF UPPER & MIDDLE CLASS

· WORKING-CLASS WOMEN SERVANS, FACTORY WORKERS,OR PIECE WORKERS

· INCREASED & LIMITED FEMALE POWER

 

TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

· NORTHEASTERN CANALS SLASHED COST FARM GOODS SHIPMENT

· WHEAT,FLOUR-EAST

· GOODS, TOOLS-WEST

· PASSENGERS BOTH WAYS

· ERIE CANAL 1825, CONNECTED HUDSON TO LAKE ERIE

· WATERWAY ACROSS NEW YORK STATE

· CANNALS MADE NYC TOP US COMMERCIAL CITY

· CANAL WORKERS' LIVES HARSH

· PAID LOW WAGES FOR BACKBREAKING WORK

· ONLY EMPLOYED 25% OF TIME

 

STEAMBOATS

· MS RIVER UPSTREAM TRAVEL NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE

· STEAM ENGINE ELIMINATED WATER CURRENT DEPENDENCY

· FREIGHT AND PASSENGER STAMBOATS

· BOILER ENGINES:

· MASS FATALITIES DURING EXPLOSIONS

· RAN ON WOOD-DEFORESTATION, FREQUENT WOOD STOPS

· A FEW PASSENGER STAMBOATS BOASTED ELGANT INTERIORS

 

RAILROADS

· 1830-CHARLESTON-AHMBURG SC LINE

· TRANSPORT GOODS FROM PLANTATION TO PORT

· BALTIMORE-OHIO RR IN NORTH

· FIRST RRS 20-100 MILES IN LENGTH

· FAST FOR TIME-15-20MPH

· 1840-3,000 MILES OF TRACK

· 1850-9,000 MILES

· 1860-MORE US RR TRACK THAN WORLD TOTAL

 

2ND GREAT AWAKENING

· MARKET REVOLUTION BROUGHT ANXIETY

· WORKING CLASS FRAGILE, MIDDLE CLASS ANXIOUS

· MANY TURNED TO GOD IN CRISIS

· CHURCH ATTENDANCE DOUBLED 100-1820

· CAMP MEETINGS-MINISTERS CALLED PEOPLE TO REPENT & TRUST GOD FOR SALVATION

· CHARLES GRANDISON FINNEY-NY REVIVALIST

· WORKING CLASS & WOMEN LARGEST CONVERT GROUP

· 1000S CONVERTED

 

 

TEMPERANCE

· 1830-AMERICANS DRANK 7 GALS. ALCOHOL/YR

· TEMPERANCE LEADERS

· UPPER & MIDDLE CLASS NORTHERN WOMEN

· GOAL OF VOLUNTARY ABSTINENCE

· ALCOHOL'S SOCIAL EFFECTS"

· DANGEROUS FOR FACTORY WORKERS

· MEN LOST WORKINGDAYSOR JOBS

· INCREASED POVERTY/IDLENESS

· WIFE/CHILD ABUSE, OTHER CRIMES

· 1840- CONSUMPTION DECREASED TO 2 GAL/YEARS!

 

SLAVERY-THE SCORPION OF THE SOUTH

 

PLANTATION SYSTEM

 

· DECDICATED TO MASTER'S ECONOMIC PROFIT

· MAIN CROP COTTON AFTER 1793 COTTON GIN

· REMOVED SEEDS, SAVED TIME AND MONEY

· LESS THAN 25% OF SOUTHERNERS OWNED SLAVES

· 12% YEOMEN FARMERS OWNED 3-4 SLAVES, WORKED ALONGSIDE

· 12% ELITE PLANTATION MASTERS; OWNED 20 OR MORE SLAVES

 

LABOR MANAGEMENT

· INCENTIVES: TIME OFF, EXTRA FOOD, OCCASIONAL PARTY

· PUNISHMENT: THREAT OR REALITY OF WHIPPINGS

· FIELD HANDS:90% OF SLAVES

· WOMEN AND MEN WORKED IN GROUPS SUNUP TO SUNDOWN

· OVERSEEER MANAGED SLAVES IN FIELD, WHIP IN HAND

· HOUSE SLAVES: 10%

· COOKS, BUTLERS, MAIDS, ETC

· FACED THREAT OF FIELD SERVICE FOR MISBEHAVIOR

 

THE MASTER

 

· HAD LEGAL & SOCIAL POWER OVER WIFE, CHILDREN, SLAVES

· MANAGED THE PALNTATION, OFTEN POLITICIANS

· DEFENDED THEIR MASCULINITY AND "HONOR"

· SLAVES TREATMENT VARIED CONSIDERABLY

· MANY PRACTICE "PATERNALISM"

· PROTECTOR & PROVIDER FOR HIS SLAVES

· BELIEVED BLACKS NAUTRALLY CHILDLIKE

· ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE TO KEEP SLAVES HEALTHY

· STILL DEMANDED OBEDIENCE, ADMINISTERED PUNISHMENT

 

THE MISTRESS

· LIVED A PRIVILEGED LIFE UNDER DIFFICULT OBLIGATIONS

· SOCIAL DUTIES COULD BE PLEASANT OR BURDENSOME

· HUSBAND OWNED HER PROPERTY AND CHILDREN

· HUSBAND TO PROTECT WIFE

· WIFE TO OBEY HUSBAND

· DIVORCE PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE

· MIST4RESS BUSY MANAGING HOUSE SLAVES

· SOMETIMES INCLUDED PUNISHMENT

· MISTRESS AND SLAVES RARELY FOUND MUTAL SYMPATHY DUE TO MISTRESS' RELATIVE POSITON OF POWER

 

MISCEGENATION

· SEXUAL MIXING OF THE RACES

· SOME MASTERS SEDUCED/RAPED SLAVE WOMEN

· ONE WOMAN EXECUTED FOR MURDERING MASTER

· MIXED-RACE CHILDREN

· SLAVERY DETERMINED BY MOTHER'S RACE

· MASTERS USUALLYLEFT THERSE CHILDREN ENSLAVED

· BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, EARLY CIVIL RIGTHS ACTIVIST, HAD MASTER FATHER, SLAVE MOTHER

· WHITE MEN FEARED BLACK MEN WOULD RAPE WHITE WOMEN, BUT IT WAS QUITE RARE

 

MARY BOYKIN CHESNUT'S DIARY

· PALNTATION MISTRESS-JOURNAL LATER PUBLISHED

· HONES ABOUT ANTEBELLUM PLAANTATION SOCIETY

· ADMITTED MASTERS' AFFARIS WITH FEMALE SLAVES HURT THIER WIVES

· "LIKE THE PATRIACRCH OF OLD, OUR MEN LIVE ALL IN ONE HOUSE WITH THEIR WIVES AND THEIR CONCUBINES; AND THE MULATTOS ONE SEES IN EVERY FAMILY PARTLY RESEMBLE THE SHITE CHILDREN. ANY LADY I

 

POOR WHITES, FREE BLACKS

· WHITE TRASH

· LARGE PERCENTAGE OF POP FARMERS EKING OUT LIVING

· WOMEN WORKED ON FARM, NOT ALLOWED OUTSIDE JBOS

· DEFENDED SLAVERY TO PROTECT THEIR WHITE PRESITIGE

· ELITE POLITICIANS COURTED THEIR VOTES

· FREE BLACKS

· TINY PERCENTAGE OF POP

· BETTER OFF THAN SLAVES BUT EXREMELY DISADVANTAGE

· SOCIALLY& LEGALLY ABUSED

· CHILDREN OF FREE BLACK MEN & POOR WHITE WOMN SOMTIMES TAKEN IN TO STATE CUSTODY

 

SLAVES LIVES

· RESIDED IN "SLAVE CABINS" ON PLANTATION GROUNDS

· USUALLY WORKING, DAWN TO DARK, SOME HAD SUNDAYS OFF

· FOULD NOT LEAVE WITHOUT WRITTEN "PASS" FROM MASTER

· SLAVE PATROL MADE SLAVES OBEY CURFEW AND PASS RULES

· INTERSTATE SLAVE SALES FLURISHED

· SLAVES CONSTANTLY FEARED SALE

· DESPITE RESTRICTIONS AND SALES, SLAVE HAD CLOSE FAMILY & COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS

 

SLAVE FAMILIES

· SLAVE MARRIAGES HAD NO LEGAL BASIS

· INFORMAL CEREMONY PERFORMED

· MASTER DECIDED IF COUPLE STAYED TOGETHER

· SALE SEPARATED MANY

· MARRIAGE SOMETIMES BENEFITTED OWNER

· LESS LIKELY TO RUN AWAY

· REPRODUCED CHILDREN

· 1800-1860-SLAVE NUMBERS 1 MILLION TO 4 MILLION BY NAURAL INCREASE

· 1865-FREED SLAVES USED ADS TO FIND SOLD LOVED ONES

 

SLAVE CULTURE

· MASTERS GAVE PORK & COMMEAL RATIONS

· SOME SLAVES HAD SMALL GARDENS, HUNTED , FISHED

· DEVELOPED SOUTHERN "SOUL FOOD"- WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONS, SOUTHERN INGREDIENTS

· SOME SLAVES ATTENDED CHURCH OR HAD RELIGIOUS TRAINING ON PLANTATION

· SOME MASTERS WANTED SLAVES TO FIND GOD

· OTHERS CONTROLLLLED MESSAGE "OBEY THY MASTER"

· SOME HAD OWN RELIGIOUS SERVICES

· EMPHASIZED GOD'S FUTURE DELIVERANCE FROM BONDAGED

· SHOUTING, DANCING, TESTIMONIES, SINGING

 

SLAVE AGENCY?

· HISTORIANS ARGUE ABOUT WHETHER SLAVES HAD "AGENCY"- CONTROL OVER THEIR LIVES.

· OBVIOUSLY, SLAVERY SEVERELY LIMITED AGENCY

· QUESTION IS TO WHAT EXTENT

· WOME SAY SLAVES LOST MOST AGENCY DUE TO DEGRADING SLAVE EXPERIENCE

· CHOICES COULD ONLY BE IN INSIGNIFICANT AREAS

· OTHERS CITE SLAVES' AGENCYIN CULTURE FORMATION AND FAMILY TIES

· EXAMPLE: SOME SLAVES SOLD GARDEN PRODUCE AND OTHERS HAD DISTINCTIVE PERSONAL HAIRSTYLES

· THESE EXAMPLES CAN BE USED TO ARGUE EITHER SIDE.

 

 

SLAVES RESISTANCE

· CREATIVE WAYS TO OUTWIT MASTER

· PASSIVE RESISTANCE:

· WORKING SLOWLY

· EATING FORBIDDEN FOOD

· FEIGNING ILLNESS TO AVOID WORK

· SABATAGING IMPLEMENTS

· ACTIVE RESISTANCE: RUNNING AWAY

· SOMETIMES TEMPORARY MOVE

· RETURNED DUE TO STARVATION OR CAUGHT BY SLAVE PATROL

· OCCASIONALLY ESCAPED TO NORTH

 

ACTIVE RESISTANCE

· WOMEN NOT HAVING CHILDREN

· PRACTICALLY NO BIRTH CONTROL

· A FEW KNEW TO CHEW COTTON ROOT

· CHEMICAL GOSSYPOL CAUSES INFERTILITY

· AVOID INCREASEING MASTER'S "PROPERTY"

· REVOLT-PINNACLE OF RESISTANCE

 

THE SECTIONAL FIGHT OVER WESTERN EXPANSION

 

NORTH V. SOUTH

· ARGUEMENT ABOUT WESTERN TERRITORIES' SLAVE OR FREE STATUS LED TO CIVIL WAR

· DIVERGENT NORTH AND SOUTH:

· SOCIAL STRUCTURE

· ECONOMIC SITUATION

· POLITICAL INTERSTS

· INTELLECTUAL DIVERGENCE

· STIFF COMPETETETION IN FEDERAL GOV'T

· NORTH-FEARED "SLAVE POWER"

· SOUTH-FEARED POWER OF NORTHERN WEALTH, POPULATION

 

MO COMPROMISE-1820

· PATH BEGAN WITH MISSOURI'S STATEHOOD

· 1819-EQUAL NUMBER SLAVE & FREE STATES

· MISSOURI APPLIED FOR FREE STATEHOOD

· PROMBLEM-10,000 SLAVES IN MO

· WOULD UNBALANCE CONGRESS

· SOLUTION: MO ENTERED AS SLAVE, MAINE FREE STATE

· CONGRESS DECIDED NEW STATES NORTH OF 36DEGREE 30' WOULD BE FREE, AND SOUTH, SLAVE

 

GAG RULE

· ABOLITIONISTS SENT 100'SOF PETITIONS TO CONGRESS TO STOP SLAVERY

· PROSLAVERY CONGRESSMEN PASSED "GAG RULE"

· SAID DISCUSSION OF ABOLITION PETETIONS WAS AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION CLAIMED IT PROTECTED SLAVERY

· VAN BUREN "LITTLE MAGICIAN"

· CLAIMED TO BE "NORTHERN MAN WITH SOUTHERN PRICIPLES" TO APPEAL TO BOTH SIDES

 

TEXAS DEBATES

· SLAVEHOLDING LONE STAR REPUBLIC SOUGHT STATEHOOD.

· PRES.TYLER ASKED CONGRESS TO ADMIT TX.

· NORTH FEARED SLAVE POWER INCREASE

· SOUTH FOR TX STATEHOOD

· ISSUE IN 1844 CAMPAIGN

· WHIG HENRY CLAY AGAINST ANNEXATION

· DEMOCRAT JAMES POLK IN FAVOR, WON PRESIDENCY

· TEXAS ANNEXED 1845

 

MEXICAN WAR-1846-1848

· POLK TRIED TO BUY SOUTHWEST TERRITORY, MEXICO REFUSED

· BEAR FLAG REVOLT-AMERICANS IN CA FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE

· GEN.ZACHARY TAYLOR FOUGHT MEXICAN FORCES

· US WINNING, BUT MEXICO REFUSED TO CEDE LAND

 

MEXICAN WAR

· VERACRUZ-AMPLHIBIOUS TROOP LANDING

· ENSURED US VICTORY

· 10,000 TROOPS MARCHED TO MEXICO CITY

· HAND-T0-HAND COMBAT BEFORE US TOOK CITY

· SANTA ANNA SURRENDRED TO SAVE CAPITAL

· TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO

· MEX.GAVE US THE SOUTHWEST TERRITORIES

· US GAVE MEXICO $18 MILLION(545MILLION 2014)

· US STRETCHED FROM ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC

 

WILMOT PROVISO-1846

· REP.WILOT PA: PROPOSED OUTLAWING SLAVERY IN FORMER MEX TERRITORIES

· NOT ANTISLAVERY

· PROPOSED PROVISO TO CLAM SECTIONAL TENSIONS & SAVE LAND FOR FREE WHITE LABOR

· CONGRESS REJECTED PROVISO

· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

· ALLOW TERRITORY TO CHOOSE SLAVE OR FREE STATUS

· MORE POPULAR PLAN, USED FOR KS AND NE

 

Compromise OF 1850

 

Laws to calm sectional dispute over West

· CA AS FREE STATE

· FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

· SEVERAL TERRITORIES GIVEN POPULAR SOVERIEGNTY

· ABOLISHLISH

 

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

· EVEN NORTHERNER HAD TO CAPTURE & RETURN RUNAWAY SLAVES

· SLAVEHOLDER SWORE OATH TO RECOVER SLAVE

· COMMISSIONER PAID $10 FOR A SLAVE RETURNED, $5.00 IF SET FREE

· NORTH CALLED THIS BRIBERY

· ACT INFURIATED ANTISLAVERY POPULATION

· NORTHERN STATE PASSED "LIBERTY LAWS" FOR LIMIED SLAVE PROTECTION

· UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HELPED SLAVES TO CANADA

 

UNCLE TOM'S CABIN

· HARRIET BEECHER STOWE ABOLITIONIST AUTHOR

· MAJOR ELEMENTS:

· SAINTLY SLAVE UNCLE TOM

· CRUEL MASTER SIMON LEGREE

· RUNAWAY SLAVE ELIZA

· DECRIED SLAVE SALE, ABUSE

· PUB.1852; SOLD 2 MILLION COPIES IN 10 YEARS

· INFLUENCED NORTHERNER CONVERTS TO ABOLITIONISM

· SOUTHERNERS CALL STOWE A "FANATIC"

· INCREASED SECTIONAL TENSION

 

WHIG PARTY FADEOUT

· 1852 ELECTION-DEMOCRAT FRANKLN PIERCE

· NNORTHERN "DOUGHFACE" TO PLEAE BOTH SECTIONS

· WHIGS DIVIDED

· ANTISLAVERY NORTERN WHIGS, PROSLAVERY SOUTHERN WHIGS

· WHIGS LOST PRESIDENCY

· PIERCE EXPANDED SOUTHWEST W/GADSDEN PURCHASE

· NM&AZ BORDER

 

KANASAS-NEBRASKA TERRTORY

· SEN.STEPHEN SOUGLAS, II, LOBBIED FOR CONTINENTAL RAILROAD.

· WANTED IT TO RUN THROUGH CHICAGO

· NEBRASKA & KANSAS PART OF ROUTE TO CA

· QUICK SETTLEMENT & STAEHOOD NEEDED FOR KS&NE

· NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATION, BUT US MOVED THEM FOIR PROJECT.

· MO COMPROMISE DECREED KS & NE FREE STATES, BUT DOUGLAS NEEDED SOUTHERN VOTES FOR PROJECT.

· PROPOSED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

· REOPENED DANGEROUS NORTH-SOUTH FIGHT OVER WERSTERN TERRITORY.

 

WAR OF WORDS

· 1854-DOUGLAS PRESENTED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY BILL TO CONGRESS

· POLITICIANS LOTLY DEBATED THE ISSUE

· DOUGLAS ASSURED SOUTHERNERS CONGRESS WOULD REPEAL MO COMPROMISE.

· FREE-SOILERS: "ATROCIOUS PLOT" TO MAKE AREA A "DREARY REGION OF DESPOTISM, INHABITED BY MASTER & SLAVES"

· ABRAHAM LINCOLN RUNNING FOR ILLINOIS' US SENATOR, GAVE SPEECH AGAINST PROPESED KANASAS-NEBRASKA ACT

 

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT-1854

· SEN.DOUGLAS GUIDED ACT IN SENATE

· REMOVED NATIVE AMERICANS FROM AREA

· TERRITORY DIVIDED-KS&NE

· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY DECIDED SLAVE/FREE STATUS

· "BLEEDING Kansas" RESULTED

· PROSLAVERY MO "BORDER RUFFIANS" TERRIRIZED FREE STATE SETTLERS

· ANTISLAVERYSETTLER OUTNUMBERED PROSLAVERY RUFFIANS, BUT HAD LITTLE POWER

· PRES. PIERCE AWARE, BUT ACCEPTED PROSLAVERY TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE FOR NATIONAL PEACE.

 

LECOMPTON V. LAWRENCE

· LECOOMPTON, KS:PROSLAVERY SEAT

· 1100RUFFIANS SENT TO VOTE IN KS ELECTIONS

· PROSLAVERY POLLITICIANS FILLED TERRITORY'S LEGISLATURE

· CREATED OWN LEGISLATURE, BANNED SLAVES FROM KS

· FORCES HEAVILY ARMED, READY FOR CIVIL WAR

· SACK OF LAWRENCE-MAY 1856

· 100S OF RUFFIANS RAIDED FREE CITY

 

CIVIL WAR IN KS

· JOHN BROWN_MILITANT ABOLITIONIST

· POTTAWATOMIE MASSACRE-KILLED 5 PROSLAVERY SETTLERS

· KS MICROCOSM OF NATINAL POLITICS

· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY FAILED

· 1857-LECOMPTON APPLIED FOR KS SLAVE STATE STATUS

· PRES. APPROVED IT

· DOUGLAS DECLARED SITUATION FRADULENT

· CONGRESS REJECTED KS STATEHOOD

· 1861-KS BECAME FREE STATE

 

THE SENATE CANNING-1856

· SEN.CHARLES SUMNER, MA, SPEECH, "THE CRIME AGAINST KANSAS"

· AGAINST SEN.ANDREW BUTLER, SC

· CALLED HIM A PIMP WHO MAITAINED "THE HARLOT, SLAVERY"

· PRESTON BROOKS-1839 USC GRAD, BUTLER'S RELATIVE

· BEAT SUMNER UNCONSCIOUS WITH CANE, YEAR-LONG RECOVERY

· SOUTHERN HERO, REELECTED, RECEIVED CANES

· NORTH:"BLEEDING KS" & BLEEDING SUMNER"

· NORTH WOULD FIGHT VIOLENT "SLAVE POWER"

· SUMNER REVERED AS BRAVE VICTIM

 

REPUBLICAN PARTY-1854

· FREE-SOIL GROUP, OUTRAGED BY KS-NE ACT, FORMED REPUBLICAN PARTY

· NORTH & WEST GROUP-NO SOUTHERNERS

· OPPOSED SLAVE EXPANSION INTO WEST

· BELIEVED"SLAVE POWER" UNCONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTING SOUTHERN AGENDA

· ADVOCATED FREE LABOR SYSTEM

· REPUBLICAN & DEMCRAT, 2 PARTY SYSTEM, 1854-PRESENT

 

ELECTION OF 1856

· REPUBLICANS TOOK DEFUNCT WHIGS' ROLE

· CANDIDATE SOLDIER JOHN C. FREMONT

· WIFE JESSIE ANTISLAVERY AGITATOR

· DEMOCRATS CHOSE DOUGHFACE JAMES BUCHANNAN OF PA, NORTHERN MAN OF SOUTHERN PRICIPLES

· LABELED REPUBLICANS "BLACK ABOITIONISTS" TO ALIENATE RACIST VOTERS

· PROMISED WEST POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

· BUCHANAN WON PRESIDENCY

· REPUBLICANS GAINED POWER FOR NEXT ELECTION

 

DRED SCOTT CASE-1857

 

· THIS SLAVE ARGUED FOR FREEDOM BECAUSE HE & MASTER HAD LIVED IN 2 FREE STATES BEFORE MOVE TO MO, A SLAVE STATE

· SUPREME COURT RULED AGAINST SCOTT

· CHIEF JUSTINCE TANEY'S REASON:

· SLAVES NOT US CITIZENS, SO NO CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

· SCOTT'S PRESENT HOME A SLAVE STATE; TRAVEL DID NOT CHANGE STATUS

· CONGRESS COULD NOT PROHIBIT SAVERY IN TERRITORIES-REPEAL OF MO COMPROMISE

 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

· REPUBLINCAN PARTY MAN

· FELT SLAVERY MORALLY WRONG

· FREE LABOR ETHIC

· ACTUALLY BORN IN LOG CABIN

· FARMER

· HEIGHT 6'4

· SELF-EDUCATED ILLINOIS LAWYER

· BATTLED DEPRESSION, BUT WORKED FOR OTHERS' WELFARE

· 4 TERMS-REPRESENTATIVE IN IL CONGRESS

· 1 TERM-IL REP IN US CONGRESS

 

LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES-1858

· IL POLITICANS COMPETING FOR US SENATE

· LINCOLN CHALLEGED DOUGLAS TO 7DEBATES ON SLAVERY-THOUSANDS ATTENDED

· SOUGLAS BETRAYED HIS SOFTNESS ON SLAVERY'S EXPANSION

· LINCOLN INSISTED, "SLAVERY IS WRONG (BECAUSE) A MAN HAS THE RIGHT THE FRUITS OF HIS LABOR."

· BETTER-KNOWN DOUGLAS WON SENATE SEAT

· LINCOLN NOW IN NATIONAL POLITCAL LIMELIGHT

 

BACK TO KANSAS-JOHN BROWN

· PLANNED INVASION OF FEDERAL ARSENAL IN HARPERS FERRY, VA

· RAISED SMALL ABOLITIONIST ARMY-21 PEOPLE

· BELIVED SLAVE UPRISING WOULD FOLLOW, ALLOWING HSIS ARMYTO ATTAACK THE SOUTH& FREE THE SLAVES

· OCT.1859-ATTTACKED HARPERS FERRY; ROBERT E. LEE, US TROOPS FOUGTH BROWN

· BROWN EXECUTED FOR TREASON DEC.2, 1859

· WILLING TO DIE FOR ABUSED SLAVES

· NORTH REVERED BROWN AS HEROIC MARTYR

 

ELECTRION OF 1860-SECESSION

· 4 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES;

· DEMOCRATIC SPLIT- DOUGLAS NORTHERN CANDIDATE, BRECKENRIDGE SOUTHERN CANDIDATE

· 3RD PARTY CANDIDATE, SEN.BELL

· REPUBLICAN CANDIATE LINCOLN

· LINCOLN WON IN 18 19 FREE STAES, ELECTED PRESIDENT

· ELECTED BY NORTH & WEST- 0 SOUTHERN VOTES

· SOUTH, FEELING POWERLESS DISCUSSED SECESSION

 

SECESSION

· IGNORED LINCOLN'S PROMISE TO RESPECT SOUTHERN SLAVERY

· DEC.20, 1860-SC SECEDED 1STT

· BY FEB.1861-GA,FL,AL,MS,LA,& TX SCEDED

· CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

· SECEDED STATES FORMED A REUBLIC WITH LAWS SIMIAR TO THE US

· JEFFERSON DAVIS, MS SENATOR, PRESIDENT

· PETITIONED UPPER SOUTH STATES TO JOIN

 

SECESSION WINTER-WAITING

· LAME DUUCK PRES. BUCHANAN, PRES-ELECT LINCOLN, & TEHE SOUTH DID NOTHING ABOUT SECESSION

· MARCH 4, 1861-LINCOLN BECAME PRESIDENT

· INAUGURAL ADDRESS:

· DECLARED SECESSION "ANARCHY" & "LEGALLY VOID"

· SAID NORTH WOULD NOT START CIVIL WAR WITH SOUTH

· SOUTH WOULD HAVE TO BE THE AGGRESSOR

· IN APRIL, FORT SUMTER IN CHARELSTON, SC

 

WESTERN EXPANSION

· CONCEPT OF "WEST" SHIFTED-SETTLEMENT SPEAD, SO NEW AREA BECAME "WEST"

· AS NORTERN CITIES GREW, AMERICANS MOVED WEST

· WEST A SAFETY VALVE

· RELIEVD CITY CROWDING

· EASED SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONFLICT

· PROSERITY AROUND THE CORNER"

 

MANIFEST DESTINY

 

· US REPONSIBLITY TO SUBDUE CONTINENT

· CONTINUED UNTIL FRONTIER SETTLED 1890

· JUSTIFICATION USED FOR NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL

· LAND WARS

· TRAVEL HARDSHIPS

· FOSTERED TRADITIONAL AMERICAN VALUES SELF-SUFFIENCY FARMIST IDEAL

 

OREGON TRAIL

· 1840S-1,000 SETTLER/1 YEAR TO OREGON TERRITORY

· 1863-350,000/YEAR

· WAGON TRAINS FOR PIONEER SUPPORT, 6 MONTH TRIP

· OBSTACLES: CROSSING RIVER, DESERTS, MONTAINS

· NATIVE AM'S + SETTLERS FOUGHT EXHAUSTION, DISEASE

· DONNER PARTY SETTLEMENT

· BUILD HOME & FARM ISOLATION,LONELINESS, GRUELING WORK

 

TEXAS

 

· TEXAS PART OF MEXICO

· MEXICO HIRD AMERICAN STEPHEN AUSTIN TO COLOZIZE TX MANY AMERICAN SETTLE THERE.

· SOUTHERN AND SLAVES

· TEXAS GREW COTTON, RAISED CATTLE

· 1836-WON INDEPENDENCE FROM MEXICO LONE STAR REPUBLIC

· PRE.SAM HOUSTON_TX CONSIDRED STATEHOOD.DEBATED IN US CONGRESS- SOUTH –FOR NORTH-AGAINST

 

CALIFORNIA

· MEXICAN TERRITORY WITH MEXICAN AND AMERICAN SETTLERS

· 1840S- AMERCIANS FOR US STATEHOOD

· 1846-"BEAR FLAG REVOLT" FOR INDEPENDENCE

· 1846-1848-MEXICAN WAR FOR TEXAS AND CALIFORNIA-US WON

· GOLD RUSH

· 250,000 TO CA

· A FEW RICH, MOST POOR

· SALLONS\, GAMBLING BROTHELS

· 1850-CALIFORNIA US STATE

 

FREE LABOR IDEAL

 

· SUCCESS= HARD WORK, SELF-RELIANCE, DISCIPLINE, VIRTUE

· IN DEMOCRACTIC SOCIETY

· WESTERN PIONEERS AND NORTHERN WORKERS

· ALLOWED SOCIAL MOBILITY

· 1840-1860-4.5 MILLION IMMIGRANTS

· GERMAN:FARMERS, MOVED WEST

· IRISH: NORHTERN CITIES

· POOR: FACTORY OR SERVANTS

· CATHOLICS, STEROTYPED AS HEAVY DRINKERS

· IRISH PREJUDICE UNTIL 1860'S

 

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION- INVENTIONS

· JOHN DEERE "SINGING PLOW" 1837

· REAPER-DOUBLED GRAIN HARVESTS

· TELEGRAPH- QUICK MESSAGES OVER DISTANCES

· SAMUEL MORSE, 1844

· USED "MORSE CODE" OF DOTS & DASHES

· 1861-IN CITIES REACHES PACIFIC

· RAILROADS-EXPANDED:CONNECTED NORTH, SOUTH, MIDWEST

· US WORLD'S 2ND GREATEST INDUSTRIAL POWER 1ST AFTER 1865

 

AMERICAN SYSTEM

 

· ASSEMBLED MANUFACTURED ITEMS FROM INTERCHANGABLE PARTS

· NEW ENGLAND FACTORIES

· GUN, CLOCKS, FARM EQUIPMENT, CLOTH, SHOES SOUTH & WEST- RAW MATERIAL, WHEAT, CORN, GRAI, PORK,M WHISKEY, TOBACCO, COTTON

· SECTIONAL FEUD ESACLATED

· NORTH & SOUTH WOULD USE NORTHERN

· MADE GUNS IN CIVIL WAR

 

ABOLITION

· FORMER SLAVES CALLED FOR AGGRESSIVE MOVE

· FREDERICK DOUGLASS WROTE ABOUT EXPERIENCES

· LECTURED ON SLAVERY'S EVIL

· SOJOURNER TRUTH

· TOLD HER PERSONAL TRIALS

· EMPHASIZED WOMEN'S PROBLEMS

· WROTE AUTOBIOGRAPHY

· HARRIENT TUBMAN

· RAN "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD"

· COMPLEX RELAY SUSTEM HELPED SLAVES ESCAPE THE SOUTH

ABOLITION

· MILD ABOLITON

· GRADULLY END SLAVERY BY LEGISLATION

· CONPENSATE SLAVEHOLDERS

· AFRICAN COLONIES FOR FREED SLAVES

· LIBERIA MOVEMENT

· HARD-CORD ABOLITIONISTS

· IMMEDIATE FREEDOM FOR SLAVES, WOULD STAY IN U.S-NO SLAVES HOLDER COMPENSATION

· WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISION-ABOLITIONIST NEWSPAPER THE LIBERATER

· 1832-NEW ENDLAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY

 

WOMEN IN ABOLITION

· WOMEN PROMINENT IN MOVEMENT

· SENT PETITIONS TO CONGRESS

· RAISED MONEY TO SUPPORT ABOLITIONIST SPEAKING TOURS

· SARAH & ANGELINA GRIMKE

· BORN TO SC PLANTATION FAMILY, HORRIFIED BY SLAVERY

· MOVED NORTH, BECAME ANTISLAVERY LECTURES

· WOMEN RIGHT ACTIVISTS

1. 1300 ABOLITION SCOCITIES, 250,00 MEMBERS.

ABOLITONISM HUGE IN SECTINAL CONFLICT & FUTURE CIVIL WAR

 

DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS

. SENECA FALLS, 1848-1ST CONVENTION

. WOMEN TO "UNDERSTAND THE HEIGHT, THE DEPTH, THE LENGTH, AND THE BREADTH, OF HER OWN DEGRADESION.

. ELIZABETH CODY STATION, DECLARTION

. ALL WOMEN ARE CREATED EQUAL"

. MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY RIGHTS INHERTENCE, WAGES

. EQUAL WAGES FOR EQUAL WORK, EQUAL CUSTODY RIGHT OF CHILDREN.

. DIVORCE FOR ABOUSE OR DESERTION

. RIGHT TO VOTE

 

. WOMEN'S RIGHT

. SUSAN B. ANTHONY LECTURED IN NY

. MOB THREW REFUSE, WAVED WEAPONS

. NATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHT CONVENTIONS

. ACHIEVED RIGHT OVERTIME

. SUFFRAGEETE JAILED IN 1910S

. WOMEN'S VOTE 1920

. EQULA PAY 1963

 

 

 

 

 

BROTHER KILLS BROTHER: THE CIVIL WAR

 

WAR BEGINS: FORT SUMTER, SC

. FORT IN CHARLESTON HARBOR, FEDERAL PROPERTY

. SC SECEDED DEC. 1860; BY APRIL 1861, FORT SUMTER LOW ON FOOD

. LINCOLN ORDERED HUMANITARIAN FOOD SUPPLY MISSION

. COMMANDED THAT NO UNION AGGRESSION OCCUR

. WHILE UNION EN ROUTE, CONFEDERATE PRES. DAVIS ORDERED CAPTURE OF FORT

. AS LINCOLN PLANNED, SOUTH FIRED FIRST SHOT, BEGAN CIVIL WAR

. LINCOLN CALL FOR 75,000 ARMY RECRUITS; MORE ENLISTED.

 

BORDER STATE DECIDE

. 8 SOUHTERN BORDER STATES

. WANTED TO SAY IN UNION, BUT....

. DIDNT WANT TO FIGHT FELLOW SOUTHERNERS

. VA,NC,AR,TN-JOINED CONFEDERATES OUT OF SECTIONAL LOYALTY

. ROBERTE. LEE, VA -GIFTED CSA GENERAL

. DE, MD, KY, MO REMAINED IN UNION

. UNREST BETWEEN CONFED SYMPATHIZERS & UNIONISTS

. LINCOLN COERCED MD BY SUSPENDING HABEAS CORPUS

 

THE UNION V. CONFEDRATE STATES

. UNION/USA,GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC" (GAR)

. BLUE COATS

. GOAL #1; PERSERVE ORIGNAL USA

. GOAL #2 EMANICPATION

. GENERAL: MCCLELLAN, GRANT

. PRESIDENT: LINCOLN

. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERCIA (CSA)

. GRAY COATS

. GOAL#1:CSA INDEPENDENCE

. GOAL#2: STATES' RIGHT, INCLUDING SLAVERY

. GENERALS: LEE, STONEWALL JACKSON

. PRESIDENT: JEFFERSON DAVIS

 

1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN-1861

. MANASSAS,VA, NEAR D.C

. UNION GENERAL AFRAID TO ATTACK, EVEN WITH 35,000 MEN

. CONFEDS WEARING BLUE-HADN'T RECEIVED GRAY UNIFORMS

. WORE ARMBANDS, INFILTRATED UNION GROUP

. MOWED DOWN UNION SODIERS,WON BATTLE

. UNION SHOCKED BY LOSS-BLACK MONDAY

. STRENGTHENED RESOLVE, ENLISTMENTS INCREASED

. LINCOLN REPLACE GENERAL WITH THE SLIGHTLY BETTER MCCLELAN

 

SOUTHERN VICTORIES

. UNION GEN.MCCLELLAN'S TIMIDITY PROLONGED FIRST HALF OF WAR

. ASSAULTS ON RICHMOND, VA FRUITLESS

. SUPERIOR SOUTHREN GENERALS OUTWITTED LARGER UNION FORCES

. HEAVY BATTLE CASUALITES OF DEAD AND WOUNDED

. CONFEDERACY WON MANY 1861-1862 BATTLES

. GAVE CONFED.FLASEE HOPE ABOUT WINNING WAR

. LECTURES PROVIDED REPRESENTATIVE BATTLES-FAR MORE OCCURRED

 

UNION-MEN AND MATERIEL

. NORTH HAD TWICE SOUTH'S POP FOR SOLDIERS & SUPPORT

. HAD WESTERN SUPPORT-ESP. FOODSTUFFS

. FACTORIES PRODUCED GUNS, AMMUNITION, & SUPPLIES

. ECONOMY BOOMED, HAD SOUND CURRENCY

. GENENRALS LACKING, BUT LINCOLN A TALENTED LEADER

 

SOUTHERN DISADVANTAGES

. MANPOWER, FOOD, WAR MATERIEL SHORTAGE

. WOMEN RAN FARMS, MANY SLAVES ESCAPED

. PRINTED WORTLESS CURRENCY, BAD INFLATION

. GOOD GENERALS, BUT PRES LACKING

. DAVIS ALIENATED POTENTIAL ALLIES

. COTTON DIPLOMACY

. SOUTH SUPPLIED BRITAINS'S COTTON FOR ITS TEXTILE MILLS

. HOPED FOR BRITISH AID & RECOGNITION

. 2 MILLION BRITISH TEXTILE WORKERS UNEMPLOYED DUTE TO COTTON FAMINE-1862

 

BRITISH ALLIANCE THWARTED

. NORTH'S "ANACONDA PLAN" BLOCKADED ENTIRE SOUTHERN COASTLINE

. TRENT AFFAIR

. SOUTH SENT 2 DIPLOMATS TO BRITAIN

. NORTH CAPTURED THEM EN ROUTE

. BRITAIN THREATENED NORTH WITH WAR IN RETALIATION

. BRITAIN MAPS SHOWITS PLAN FOR OVERTAKIGN NORTH

. LINCOLN RELEASED MEN, APOLOGIZE

. BRITAIN DISCOVERED NEW COTTON SOURCES, RUINED SOUTH'S PLAN FOR AID

. ABOLITIONIST EUROP RESENTED SOUTH'S SLAVE SYSTEM

 

UNREST IN THE SOUTH

. SOUTH RESENTED HIGH-HANDED CONFED GOVERNMENT

. IMPRESSMENT-GOVT SEIZED FOOD, HORSES, WAGONS, PAID BELOW MARKET RATES

. 1ST DRAFT IN US HISTORY-MEN 18-35(LATER 17-50)ELGIBLE

. FOOD SHORTAGES-MEN AWAY, NO IMPORTS

. 1863-BREAD RIOTS ACROSS SOUTH

. SOLDIERS DESERTED TO HELP STARVING FAMILIES

. RICH MAN'S WAR, POOR MAN'S FIGHT

. MEN WIT MONEY COULD HIRE DRAFT SUBSTITUTE

. PLANTATION OWNERS COULD KEEP ONE WHITE MAN ON PROPERTY

. FARM WOMEN PLANTED/HARVESTED CROPS BY HAND

 

UNREST IN THE NORTH

. WAR EASIER-ECONOMY BOOMED, FOOD PLENTIFUL, FEW BATTLES ON SOIL

. REPUBLICAN PARTY-TOTAL POWER OVER DEMOCRAT REMNANT

. DEMOCRATS-LINCOLN'S PRESIDENCY 'REIGN OF TERROR"

. MILITARY ARREST FOR DISSENTERS

. DRAFT LAW (20-45 ELIGIBLE)

. NYC DRAFT RIOTS-1863

. 4 DAYS' RIOTS AGAINST DRAFT ENFORCEMENT

. DEMOCRAT IRISH WORKINGN CLASS MEN

. FURIOUS THAT RICH PAID 4300 FOR SUBSTITUE

. KILLED 105, MOSTLYBLACK, SAID EMANCIPATION GOAL UNCONSTITUTIONAL

 

ANTIETAM-1862

CSA'S GEN. LEE INVADED MD "FOR PEACE"

HOPED FOR UPRISING IN UNION SLAVE STATE

INFLUENCE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS

ANTIETAM CIVIL WAR'S BLOODIES DAY

. 6,000 DEAD, 17,000 WOUNDED

. UNION LOST 15% OF SOLDIERS, CONFED 23%

. COULDN'T BURY DEAD QUICKLY ENOUGH

. MILITARY STALEMATE

. LINCOLN PRETENDED UNION VICTORY

. ANNOUNCED EMANICIPATION TO OCCUR ON JAN 1, 1863

 

SHIFT TO EMANCIPATION

. LINCOLN'S SUPREME GOAL:SAVE UNION

. PURPOSE OF EMANCIPATION: WEAKEN CONFEDERACY, PLEASE "RADICAL REPUBLICAN" CONGRESS

. 1ST CONFISCATION ACT-1861

. SEIZURE OF SLAVES WORKIGN FOR CONFEDS

. PROHITITED SLAVERY IN D.C.

. 2ND CONFISCATION ACT-1862

. ILLEGAL TO RETURN RUNAWAY SLAVES TO MASTERS

. MILITIA ACT

. SLAVES COULD FIGHT OR WORK FOR UNION ARMY

 

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

. JAN 1, 1863

. SLAVES IN ALL CONFEDERATE AREAS DECLARED FREE

. UNNION ARMY TO PROTECT THEIR FREEDOM

. INVIED SLAVES TO JOIN UNION WAR EFFORT

. SLAVES OF UNION SLAVE STATES NOT FREED-FEARED BORDER STATE REBELLION

 

VICTORIOUS NORTH

UNION WINS IN THE WEST

. USA SECURED CONFEDERATE-CLAIMED WESTERN TERRITORIES EARLY IN WAR

. 1ST TALENTED GENERAL-ULYSSES S. GRANT

. "KILL MORE OF THE ENEMY THAN HE KILLS OF YOU"

. GOAL: CAPTURE TN & MS RIVER

. TN-SOURCE FOR SOUTH'S FOOD, MULES, IRON

. BALLTE OF SHILOH-20,000 DEAD, US VICTORY GAVE POWER OVER WERSTERN CONFEDERACY

. CAPTURED MS RIVER CITIES LIKE NEW ORLEANS

 

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG-1863

. GRANT SET ON TAKING VICKBURG, MS

. SOUTHERN RR LINE HINGE

. WOULD GIVE UNION CONTROL OF MS RIVER

. 6 WEEK SIEGE STARVED INHABITANTS

. 30,000 CONFEDERATESOLDIERS SURRENDERED CITY

. UNION CONTROLLED MS RIVER & SOUTERN RR'S

. POSITON TO INVADE SOUTH

. UNION SOLDIER WROTE: "THE BACKBONE OF THE REBELLION IS BROKEN. THE CONFEDERACY IS DIVIDED....'

 

GETTYSBURG-1863

. 3-DAY BATTLE IN PA

. ONLY TIME CONFEDERATES INVADED NORTH

. 46,000 DEAD, WOUNDED,&MISSING

. LEE LOST BATTLE & 30% OF SOUTHERN FORCES

. STENCH OF DEATH LASTED FOR MONTHS

. BRITISH REFUSED TO SUPPORT EITHER SIDE STAY OUT OF BLOODBATH

. LINCOLN GAVE FAMOUS "GETTYSBURG ADDRESS"

. SPEECH COMFORTED NATION

 

VICTORIOUS NORTH

 

SHERMAN'S MARCH-1864

. GEN.SHERMAN'S GOAL: BREAK SOUTHERNERS' WILL "WAR IS HELL"

. DIDNT CARE ABOUT FREEING SLAVES

. HOMES BURNED, CROP DESTROYED

. DESTROYED EVRYTHING IN PATH BETWEEN MILITARY OBJECTIVES

. BURNED ATLANTA, GA, TO THE GROUND

. ACCURATE PART OF GONE WITH THE WIND

. SAVANNAH, GA WA LINCOLNS "CHIRSTMAS GIFT"

. TORCHED COUMBIA, SC FEB. 1865

. BRINCK WALL AROUND USC CAMPUS SAVED HORSESHOE BUILDINGS

 

APPOMATTOX, VA-1865

. GRANT & UNION FORCES BESIEGED PETERSBURG, VA, NEAR CONFEDERATE CAPITAL, RICHMOND

. APR.2-3-PETERSBURG & RICHMOND FELL TO UNION

. LEE REGROUPED AT APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE; GRANT SURROUNDED LEE'S TROOPS

. APR.9,1865,MCLEAN HOUSE-LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT

. SOLDIERS ALLOWED TO GO HOME & PLANT CROPS

. HORRIFIC FOUR-YEAR WAR OVER

. 900,000 SOLDIERS, 620,000 DEATHS

 

WAR'S AFTERMATH IN THE NORTH

. 10% OF NORTHERN MEN 20-45 DEAD

. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EMPOWERED

. FEDERAL FOREVER SUPREME OVER STATES

. REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY

. POWER TO SHAPE WEST

. BOOMING ECONOMY-WOLD'S #1 MANUFACTURER

. COMPLETED TRANSONCTINENTAL RR TO JOIN NORTH & WEST

. BEGINNING OF MODERN MEDICNE

. SOLDIER TREATMENT BEGAN SERIES OF MEDICAL INVENTION, CONTINUES TODAY

 

SOUTH DESTROYED

. LAND DESTROYED-HOME, BUILDINGS, FARMS, CITIES

. MANY WOMEN & CHILDREN STARVED

. LEGACY OF DEATH-30% OF MEN AGED 18-40 GONE

. WIDOWS, ORPHANS RAMPANT

. GENERATIONOF SPINSTERS WHEN SOCIETY OFFERED FEW ALTERNATIVE TO MARRIAGE & MOTHERHOOD

. SOCIETY DMORALIZED, BITTER TOWARD NORTH FOR 73 YEARS

. REGION HAD TO START OVER WITH NO MONEY

. NORTHERN INVESTORS-"CARPETBAGGERS"

. BEHIND NORTH ECONOMICALLY FOR 100YEARS

 

LINCOLN ASSASSINATION

. PLANNED TO KNIT NATION BACK TOGETHER QUICKLY

. RETURN FORMER REBELS LAD & RIGHT

. STATEHOOD: WHEN 10% OF VOTERS PLEDGED US ALLEGIANCE & ACCEPTED EMANCIPATION

. SPARE SOUTH FURTHER MISERY & INDIGNITY

. SHOT BYJOHN WILKES BOOTH AT FORD'S THEATER, FRIDAY, APR 14,1865

. DIED APR 15; NATION MOURNED

. TRAIN CARRIED LINCOLNS\'S BODY FROM D.C. TO IL FOR BURIAL

. OVER 3 WEEKS, FUNERAL TRAIN STOPPED IN NORTHERN CITIES FOR CITIZENS TO PAY LAST RESPECTS

 

PRES.ANDREW JOHNSON

. INCOMPETENT VP TOOK OFFICE

. POOR EDUCATION, DRINKING PROBLEM

. PROSLAVERY UNION DEMOCRAT

. BECAME LINCOLN'S VICE PRESIDENT ONLY TO APPEAL TO LOYAL UNION DEMOCRATS IN BORDER STATES

. CHAMPIONED YEOMEN FARMERS, POOR WHITES

. AGAINST PLANTERS & FORMER SLAVES

. "DAMN THE NEGROES...I AM FIGHTING THOSE TRAITOUROUS ARISTORCRATS, THEIR MASTERS"

. FORMER SLAVE: THINGS WAS HURT BY MR.LINCON GETTING KILLED'

 

READMITTING STATES TO UNION

. JOHNSON& REPUBLICAN CONGRESS HAD VIOLENT DISAGREEMENTS

. SOUTHERN STATE READMISSION-JOHNSON REQUIRED STATE TO RENOUNCE SECESSION, REQUDIATE WAR DEBTS, & AFFIRM EMANCIPATION.

. CONGRESS SOON REVOKED THIS METHOD

. MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT-DIVIDED SOUTH INTO DISTRICTS

. UNION GENERAL IN CHARGE OF EACH DISTRICT

. RECONSTRUCTION:

. 12 YEAR NORTHERN/FEDERAL OCCUPATION OF SOUTH

. 1877-UNION TROOPS LEFT

 

CONSTITITUTION OUTLAWED SLAVERY

. 13TH AMENDMENT(1865):SLAVERY ILLEGAL

. 14TH(1868):ALL NATIVE-BORN OR NATURALIZED PERSONS US CITIZENS; STATES TO RESPECT THEIR RIGHTS

. 15TH(1869): PROHIBITED STATES FROM DE[PRIVING MALE CITIZENS OF THE VOTE

. IGNORED WOMEN'S REQUEST TO BE INCLUDED

. 1865-1877-UNION TROOPS OCCUIPED SOUTH FOR 12 YEARS AFTER WAR'S END.

 

VANQUISHED SOUTH

 

FREEDMEN'S BURREAU

. ORGANIZED BY NORTHERN REPUBLICANS TO EDUCATE, HABILITATE, & PROTECT SOUTHERN BLACKS,1866-1872

. BLACKS HAPPY ABOUT FREEDOM, BUT LACKED RESOURCES

. BURREAU PROVIDED MANY WITH NECESSITIES

. BUILT SCHOOLS FOR BLACKS-LITERACY RATES IMPROVED

. FED GOVERMENT FUNDED

. DOME AFRICAN-AMERICANS GRANTED LAND CONFISCATED FROM CONFEDERATE REBELS

. ARRANGEMENT DID NOT LAST

 

PRESIDENT V. CONGRESS

. JOHNSON:

. EASY REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUTHERN STATE READMISSION

. AGAINST CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION & ENFORCEMENT

. PARDONED MANY FORMER CONFEDERATES

. REPUBLICAN CONGRESS

. CONSTANTLY FOUGHT JOHNSON'S POLICIES

. CONTINUED FREEDMEN'S BUREAU OVER JOHSON'S VETO

. ENACTED CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (1866) FOR BLACKS' EQUALITY OVER JOHNSON'S VETO

 

MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT

CONGRESS REVOKED JOHNSON'S STATE READMISSIONS

DIVIDED SOTH INTO 5 MILITARY DISRICTS

UNION GENERAL WITH TROOPS AT HEAD OF EACH DISRICT

CONFEDERATE REBELS DISENFRANCHISED

MILITARY SUPERVISED VOTER REGISTRATION

STATES TO WRITE NEW CONSTITUTION

AFTER STATES RARTIFIED CONSTITUTON & 14TH AMENDMENT, APPLIED

 

. NEAR-IMPEACHMENT

RADICAL REPUBLICANS DECLARED JOHNSON'S ABUSES OF POWER & FAILURE OT UUPHOLD LAWS HE DISLIKED UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

MODERATRS SHOCKED WHEN JOHNSON FIRED SECRETARY OF WAR WITHOUT CONGRESS APPROVAL

AL REPUBLICANS VOTED FOR AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL.

LASTED MARCH-MAY, 1868

FINAL VOTE ONE SHORT OF REQUIRED TWO-THIREDS

JOHNSON QUIET FOR REMAINIG TEN MONTHS IN OFFICE

 

SOUTHERN PARTY WARFARE

. REPUBLICNANS RULED SOUTH DURING RECONSTRUCTIION

. AFRICAN-AMERICNS, ANTI-PLANTER SOUTHERNER, & NORTHERN CARPETBAGGER COALITION

. ABOLISHED VOTING QUALIFICATIONS

. STARTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS INFRASTRUCTURE

. BLACKS SERVED IN STATE GOVERNMENT

. KU KLUX KLAN-DEMOCRAT

. CONFEDERATE VETERAN GROUP;WORE WHITE HOODS, GHOUSLISH "NIGHT RAIDS"

. UNION ARMY STATIONED IN SOUTH TRIED TO PROTECT VICTIMS

 

NORTHERN DEVELOPMENTS

ULYSSES GRANT PRES 1869-1877

. HONEST HIMSELF, BUT GRAFT SCANDAL WITH CRONIES IN ADMINISTRATION

. MADE REPUBLICAN REGIME LESS POPULAR

. NORTHERNERS DEBATE RECONSTRUCTION

. GRANT SUPPORTED CONTINUANCE TO PROTECT BLACKS & DISSENTERS

. SOME SAID WASTE OF MONEY & MEN

. OTHERS FELT IT CRUEL &UNFAIR TO SOUTH

 

ELECTION COMPROMISE OF 1876

DEMOCRATS: SAMUEL TILDEN,NY-TARGETED GRANT CORRUPTION, SAID RECONSTRUCTION SHOULD EN

REPUBLICAN: RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, OH-BLAMED DEMOCRATS FOR CIVIL WAR

. DEM.TILDEN WON POPULAR VOTE, BUT ONE ELECTORAL VOTE SHORT

. ELECTORAL COMMISION REPUBLICAN , VOTED THEIR PARTY, NOT PEOPLE'S WILL

. SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS FURIOUS AT HAYES' WIN

. REPUBLICAN CONGRESS STRUCK DEAL

. SOUTH ALLOWED HAYES'S ELECTIONS TO STAND

. UNION TROOPS LEFT SOUTH

. "REDEEMERS,"DEMOCRAT PLANTATION OWNERS, TOOK OVER SOUTH