Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is defined as “a devastating mental illness, and only one of the larger class or spectrum of psychotic disorders.” (Schug & Fradella, 2015). It has a collection of symptoms that are divided into two separate types: positive symptoms and negative symptoms. It’s prevalence in higher in developing countries.

Objective:

· The purpose of this paper is to address the link between schizophrenia and crime.

· To discuss how the media’s portrayal of schizophrenia causes more harm than good to society.

Schizophrenia origin:

· Discuss when schizophrenia came about in the psychoanalytic world of science.

· Discuss the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia (Schug & Fradella, 2015).

· Discuss theoretical conceptualizations of Schizophrenia

· Discuss the first psychoanalysts that worked with Schizophrenia and his/her findings.

Schizophrenia symptoms

· Introduce Schizophrenia’s two types of symptoms.

· Discuss the positive symptoms and how they can affect the individual.

· Discuss the negative symptoms and how they affect the individual.

· Discuss the effects that the symptoms have on the individual and those around them.

Schizophrenia and the Media:

· Discussing hot the media plays a role in society’s views on people diagnosed with schizophrenia (Reavley, Jorm & Morgan, 2016).

· Discuss why the media’s role is vital in the relationship between the general public and those diagnosed with schizophrenia.

· Discuss why schizophrenia is the most common illness used in media (Bevilacqua Guarniero, Bellinghini, & Gattaz, (2017).

· Discuss why “the media associates crime and violence with no medical or scientific rigor, reinforcing the stigma against the disorder” (Bevilacqua Guarniero, et. al., 2017).

Schizophrenia and Crime:

· Discuss the relationship between schizophrenia and crime.

· Discuss the types of crime that may be committed by individuals diagnosed with Schizophrenia.

· Discuss the prevalence of criminal behavior in male schizophrenic patients (Modestin, & Ammann, 1996).

· Discuss if there are any others disorders that an schizophrenic person may have that may be a deciding factors on crime.

Schizophrenia and Treatment:

· Discuss if exercise may be a possible treatment for schizophrenics.

· Discuss the effects of routine visits with healthcare providers.

· Discuss neurofeedback treatment for negative symptoms.

· Discuss the evaluation of treatment adherence.

References

Bevilacqua Guarniero, F., Bellinghini, R. H., & Gattaz, W. F. (2017). The schizophrenia stigma and mass media: a search for news published by wide circulation media in Brazil. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 29(3), 241–247. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1080/09540261.2017.1285976

Chaudhari, B., Saldanha, D., Kadiani, A., & Shahani, R. (2017). Evaluation of treatment adherence in outpatients with schizophrenia. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 26(2), 215–222. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.4103/ipj.ipj_24_17

GÖKÇE, E., GÜNEŞ, E., & NALÇACI, E. (2019). Effect of Exercise on Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia: A BDNF Focused Approach. Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 56(4), 302–310. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.29399/npa.23369

Jormfeldt, H., & Hallén, M. (2016). Experiences of housing support in everyday life for persons with schizophrenia and the role of the media from a societal perspective. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 11, 30571. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.3402/qhw.v11.30571

Modestin, J., & Ammann, R. (1996). Mental disorder and criminality: Male schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(1), 69–82. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1093/schbul/22.1.69

Nørgaard, H. C. B., Schou Pedersen, H., Fenger-Grøn, M., Vestergaard, M., Nordentoft, M., Laursen, T. M., & Mors, O. (2019). Schizophrenia and attendance in primary healthcare: a population-based matched cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 37(3), 358–365. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1080/02813432.2019.1639927

Pazooki, K., Leibetseder, M., Renner, W., Gougleris, G., & Kapsali, E. (2019). Neurofeedback Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Two Case Reports. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 44(1), 31–39. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1007/s10484-018-9417-1

Räsänen, P., Tiihonen, J., Isohanni, M., Rantakallio, P., Lehtonen, J., & Moring, J. (1998). Schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and violent behavior: A 26-year followup study of an unselected birth cohort. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24(3), 437–441. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033338

Reavley, N. J., Jorm, A. F., & Morgan, A. J. (2016). Beliefs about dangerousness of people with mental health problems: the role of media reports and personal exposure to threat or harm. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(9), 1257–1264. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1007/s00127-016-1215-6

Schug, R., & Fradella, H. (2015). Mental illness and crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.