Question 1

Today the world as changed electronic ways are used such as electronic mails, groupware and other forms of electronic communication present us with new ways of centralizing and dispersing activities .electronic communication enable a much higher degree of independence.

Several companies have also invested thousands of hours in developing and integrating the companies information systems, a large investment has compared to their other investment in some parts of the company, this imbalance is usually serious considering that the company have often purchased finished software’s application systems from commercial sources which when measured against benefits they receive have proven to be more disappointing.

Databases and database management, equipment control system, communication systems, and design support tools all presents a multifaceted challenge to achieving interoperability. Meeting this challenge requires deep understanding of the underlying data constructs, the operations that includes relevant manipulations.

Mechanisms are also required to support information session in management. Some tools and also techniques are required to facilitate real time planning in the supply chain, in some parts of the industries these goal is already achieved but the techniques needed are not widely applied among the manufacturers. Some computer agents may provide human users with new flexible, easy to use human oriented protocols and standards that are obvious as current paper based solutions.in today world this level of analysis is generally impossible; given the typical operation.