Dr Maddy

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Annotated Bibliography

Getty, Alice. The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their history and iconography. Courier Corporation, 1928.

This is a book by Getty and Alice that talks about eastern philosophy and religion. It has a productive inclusion of arts of historians as well as information on names, symbolism representation of pictures of divine structures, especially in Mahayana pantheon. These Gods were majorly worshipped in the northern parts of Europe. The article contains photos of the major and minor Gods as revered in the region. This article majorly concentrates on Buddhism religion. The article is of paramount importance in my research on the ancient rituals as it provides limelight on the Buddhism religion which is a part of my research. The photos in the article make the study very easy. These photos are in the black and white form.

Davidson, Hilda Ellis. The lost beliefs of Northern Europe. University of San Diego, 2002.

This article by Davidson presents various myths used in the ancient times and the way they were mingled with the Christian dogma and the folklore and the way the original beliefs have been lost in these myths as well as in the psychological developments in the past years. It shows how the views of the pagans have been misinterpreted by the Christians as well as indicating how the Christian religion has progressed and how it has been preserved and the pre-Christian believes. The article also tries to explain the beliefs of the ancient people in Northern Europe as well as teaching the difficulties and the possibilities of getting the lost religious believes of these people. This article will be of great importance in this research as it describes the gods worshipped in the Northern Europe which is a region of interest in the study.

Davidson, Hilda Ellis. "Milk and the northern goddess."The concept of the goddess. University of San Diego, 2002. 105-120.

The concept of the Egyptian goddesses goes back to the very ancient times as described in this article by Davidson. The article describes the early Egyptians and how they worshipped a cow-goddess named Hathor who protected pharaoh, and it is depicted in the human form and wears a sun-disk on her head flanked by cow’s horns, this creates a link between this goddess and milk from a cow. The sky was seen as a cow which produced a calf every morning. With the calf here referring to the sun. Milk was heavily drunk in the land of Egypt as described in the article. The article has a description of a Mesopotamian goddess who was believed to be the protector of all the animals in the world including domestic heard. This goddess was named Ninhursag. As described in the article, the author tells that sacred animals like the sheep and cattle were kept at her temple and milk milked from these sacred animals was given to the children of the royal family. This article will be of paramount importance in my research about the ancient religions as it has precious information about the Egyptian goddess. The material is rich in photos of the goddess and the environment in which she was kept.

Davidson, Hilda Ellis. Roles of the northern goddess. University of San Diego, 2002.

This book by Davidson describes the Northern Europe goddesses. The roles played by these goddesses and the way they were worshipped by both men and women in the Northern parts of Europe in the ancient times. This book describes the various goddesses in this part of the world and the various duties they were involved in including hunting and other farm activities and household activities. The book describes these goddesses as compelling individuals who could either be destructive or constructive. The paper presents photos of these goddesses in the various environments in coloured form. With the research area being on the old religion matters, this book will consist of paramount importance.

Fleming, Andrew. "The myth of the mother‐goddess."World Archaeology 1.2 (1969): 247-261.

In this book, Flemings describes the faith of the tomb builders in the ancient times in Western Europe and their belief in a goddess whose face glared out from the pot and a phalange idol. This idol is found to have had a significant influence on the lives of the people of Western Europe in those ancient times. This book enriched with information about people of western Europe. The book provides photos in black and white of this idol and the people worshipping it. The author offers very reliable evidence to his discussions in the papers supporting it with existing things in the present times which trace their roots to the ancient times. With the Western part of Europe being one of the regions of interest in the research, this book will be of great help.

Jochens, Jenny. Old Norse images of women. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

This book describes a religion shared in the ancient times by the British people and the Europeans. The paper describes a pagan god who had a figure of a lady. In those times according to the book, women were portrayed and grouped as warriors, prophetesses, the Avengers and inciters. The book explores the legacy of the females and provides photos of both the human and divine. This book will of great help in the research of goddesses being the central area of this research.

Ann, Martha, and Dorothy Myers Imel. Goddesses in world mythology. Abc-Clio Inc, 1993.

In this book, the authors describe the myths told in the present times concerning the goddesses and elaborated on the truth, and miss tells of these myths. The book provides clear evidence on the arguments posed about the legends. The book also contains photos of these goddesses. The authors describe the goddess involved in the various activities like farming, herding, hunting. These goddesses are the ancient gods of the Northern region of Europe. This book provides limelight in the research on the myths related to the goddesses in this region hence will help n this research by shading light on the believes and what is real and untrue about these goddesses.

Achebe, Nwando. "Farmers, traders, warriors, and kings: Female power and authority in Northern Igboland, 1900-1960." (2005).

The authors in this book talk about the importance of women in the ancient times by using the goddesses. Most of the gods in those times bear women features and names, and this shows how women were prominent in those times. The book has photos of these goddesses and the description of the various works they were involved in. This article also describes why most of the goddesses used female figures hence will help in this understanding in this research.