Accounting and tax question in Real Estate
· Net Operating Income = Gross Scheduled Rents – Vacancy – Operating Expenses
· Value determination often based on this
· BTCF = NOI – Interest – Principal – Capital Expenditures
· IRR often calculated on this
· GAAP Net Income = NOI – Interest – Tax Depreciation – Amortization +- Adjustment for Rents* +- Adjustment for Expenses
· FAS141 / SL Rents / Reserves
· Taxable Net Income = NOI – Interest – Tax Depreciation +- Adjustment for Rents* +- Adjustment for Expenses
· Payment of taxes based on this / Accelerated depreciation / Gain deferral (1031, installment sale)
· Tax = Taxable income x Tax Rate
· Rate make a difference
· ATCF = BTCF – Tax
· Real returns are based on this
· Funds from Operations = GAAP Net Income + Depreciation + Amortization - Gains on Sales of Property + Adjustment for Partnerships
· Used by REITS as an alternative to GAAP