Question 2
vk4queen
Nefertari.pptxthe article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic development IN EGYPT
Important archeological materials considered
The curved paintings on the wall of the tomb are important factors that attract tourist to the tomb
The remains of the body found in the tomb
Calcium sulphate dehydrated part of the plaster that was eroding which is another geographical feature that creates attention to the tombs.
Important archeological materials considered
There was the loss of painting on the walls of the tomb over time
The government after the discovery renovated the paintings and tried to make them look new
This was To make the tomb more attractive as away of promoting the tourism industry
Pictures on the right illustrate the walls before and after repairs
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The method used to analyze the deterioration and destruction of the tomb was use of artifact analysis method.
Trowels were used to scrap the dirt and soils on the paintings on the wall. Trowels are the best tools to be used. (Kealhofer, Torrence, & Fullagar, 1999).
The materials of interests which were the paintings and the REMAINS OF THE BODY OF NEFERTARI were taken for analysis.
Methods of analysis
Stratigraphy method was used on evidence obtained from the tomb to determine the level of destruction and deterioration of the tomb.
Layers of paintings on the walls of the tomb were used to determine and date the artifacts obtained from the tomb.
It is believed that the lowest layer of the wall is the one that was formed first.
Findings of the study
There is evidence of deterioration of paint and plaster on the walls of the tomb after the discovery of the tomb in 1904
There was accelerated deterioration of paintings and plaster between 1921-1942.
In the upper tomb levels there was progressive deterioration as compared to the lower tomb levels.
Findings of the study
Evidence of deterioration of paintings and plaster at the tomb.
The images were damaged through the loss of painting on the wall.
The image is a sample painting found in the walls of the tomb nefertari.
Findings of the study
The tomb of Nefertari has been experiencing continuous loss of paintings on the wall.
However, some parts of the tomb are still in stable conditions.
Since 1904 there has been human intervention at the tomb.
The government is aiming at conserving the value of the art in the tomb.
Discussion of the findings
Flood water is the main contributing factor of paint loss in the tomb, leading to its degradation and deterioration.
The flood water entered the tomb with force thus washing out the paints on the walls causing the paintings of the wall of the tomb to fade out.
Most of the paintings on the walls have been lost through the flooding.
Discussion of the findings
Absorbed water also contributed to the loss of painting on the walls.
The walls of the tomb absorbs water from the ground thus making the paintings that are on the wall fade out (Asperen de Boer, 1967).
There is need for a protective mechanism to be put in place by the government since the tomb bears artistic treasures of Egypt.
Discussion of the findings
Sodium chloride has also contributed to the fading of paintings on the wall of the tomb.
As water is absorbed by the wall it moves the chemical composition of sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride reacts with the paint on the wall hence making the paintings fade out.
conclusion
The tomb of Nefertari is a main tourist attraction in Egypt because of the artistic value it has hence the paintings on the wall.
There is need for protection so that the government can continue benefiting from the revenue gotten from the tourists who come to visit the place.
Since its discovery there has been progressive deterioration of paintings on the wall.
Further conclusion
The main contributing factor to the destruction and deterioration of the paintings are:
Floods,
Water absorbed by the wall
Deposition of sodium chloride on the wall
references
Asperen de Boer, J. V. (1967). Humidity in walls in relation to the preservation of works of art. Studies in Conservation, 12(sup1), 109-117.References
Habicht, M. E., Bianucci, R., Buckley, S. A., Fletcher, J., Bouwman, A. S., Öhrström, L. M., ... & Böni, T. (2016). Queen Nefertari, the royal spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: a multidisciplinary investigation of the mummified remains found in her tomb (QV66). PloS one, 11(11).
Kealhofer, L., Torrence, R., & Fullagar, R. (1999). Integrating phytoliths within use-wear/residue studies of stone tools. Journal of archaeological Science, 26(5), 527-546.
Wilson-Yang, K. M., & Burns, G. (1989). The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904–1987. Studies in conservation, 34(4), 153-170.
