Assessment 2 Instructions: Changes in Medical Education

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Changes in Medical Education

Eduardo Torres

Capella University

BHA-FPX4002: 

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History of the United States Health Care System

Madeline Meyer

May 9, 2022

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Changes in Medical Education The field of medicine is constantly changing. 

Patients expect healthcare professionals to be fully equipped with adequate knowledge because they need to perform complicated medical tasks. 

In this assignment, the change in the medical field from the 1800s to today will be discussed. 

The paper will be divided into multiple parts to show the changes in medical history. 

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Secondly, the essay will describe, contrast, and compare the apprenticeship against the academic models of healthcare training and how it has evolved. 

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Finally, the paper will evaluate the Importance of understanding medical history and its advantages in educating prospective medical graduates in the future. 

The Changing Scope of Medical Education Undoubtedly, medicines have gone through a significant change in medical history. 

Throughout these changes, the way physicians are educated has been the considerable driver of medicine evolution. 

While the work sought a wealth of information, medical students were required to use this information effectively. 

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Medical education has significantly evolved since the 1800s. 

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For example, the first medical school in the USA was established by John Morgan in 1765. It was initially named the "Philadelphia college of medicine;" 

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it was soon renamed the University of Pennsylvania. 

Medical universities in 1800 had preceptors who were responsible for lecturing students (Crass, 2018). 

To get a degree in the medical field during the 1800s, a potential medical student was expected to meet the well-defined requirements: 

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complete two years of schooling, be a minimum of 21 years of age, and receive three years of "apprenticeship training." 

In the 1800s, term in all classes during a single semester was based on sixteen-week sessions with no applied gradings. 

Schooling did not require any pre-entrance testing or formal prerequisite degree (Boland, 2021). 

Medical schools in modern times are structured entirely different compared to the 1800s. 

Before a student can enter a medical school program, they are expected to have four-year bachelor's degrees. 

Similarly, candidates are asked to apply and get through a "Medical College Admission Test" 

(MCAT) and get admission to universities affiliated with the Liaisons Committee of Medical Education (ten, 2018). 

When students are accepted into medical program requirements, they are expected to memorize intensive academic courses, followed by rotation through different medical specialties and clinical residency apprenticeships. 

After going through all these requirements, a candidate must apply for and successfully pass the "United States Medical Licensing Examination" 

(USMLE) examination (Moehling, 2020). 

If a person desires to become a doctor, he must commit to at least 11 years of post-secondary school education. 

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Compared to medical school training of the 1800s, modern-day medicine programs are highly dynamic and rigorous. It requires a person to be disciplined and dedicated to the profession, often sacrificing their work-life balance. 

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Apprenticeship Model vs. 

Academic Model

Description and Comparison of Both Models The main factors that have shaped today's medical education consist of academic and apprenticeship approaches. 

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Both models have established an Infrastructure to enrich the profession through learning and advancement opportunities for medical students. 

The apprenticeship model effectively provides medical students with a chance to directly be involved in the clinical atmosphere (Moehling, 2020). 

The model is based on a "hand-on approach" 

for learning in students that can promote problem-solving skills and establish an understanding of medical challenges. 

A devious practicing physician guided the students during their medical rotation. 

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William Osler is considered to be a fierce advocate of bedside learning. He has argued that medical students must step away from the medical classroom and dedicate themselves to professional clinical settings. 

Early engagement with professional life will help students experience things that they will not get in the school. 

Osler introduced his first residence program, known as John's Hopkins School of Medicine, using this approach. 

Analysis of Evolution and Impact The academic model highlights the Importance of structural education with lectured learning and task-driven assignments. 

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In 1910, Abraham Flexner released the report under the title Flexner Report. 

He gave a new idea of curriculum and medical school qualifications in Canada and the United States (ten, 2018). 

Flexner proposed that there should be minimal admission qualifications for medical schools. 

Similarly, he exerts pressure on a facility to engage in Research and apply a rigorous curriculum with clinical science and practical lab content. 

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The report has a detailed analysis of how to bring reforms in acceptance practices of medical school and how the education of medical school and pre-admission format must be constructed.

The academic and apprenticeship model, when effectively used, created multi-skilled physicians. 

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Flexner and Oslet believed that practicing physicians must be scientifically grounded, educated, and have the required clinical skills to succeed in medicine. Over time, the two concepts have morphed and combined into a common practice for medical schools. Creating a residency program with a four-year learning program gives both a hand on and classroom understanding of learning. Importance of Understanding History of Medicine Reviewing the history of medicine offers medical students the ability to learn how scientific intervention helps in the process of care, the origination of medical theory, and why it's essential to have evidence-based treatment for patients. Understanding the history of healthcare helps a medical community prevent past mistakes. For example, in 1800, surgeons used specific surgical sterile practices (Boland, 2021). 

During the surgical process in the 1800s, surgeons were not aware of the Importance of handwashing standards. 

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Surgeries performed during the 1800s had a lot of chances of infections. 

Surgeons rarely washed their hands or often rinsed them with simple water to proceed with the surgery without any barriers such as gowns and gloves. 

Florence Nightingale introduced hand washing and surgical safety guidelines reforms because of the many cross-contamination and infection cases during the 1800s. 

Conclusion The analysis in the paper shows that the medical field has evolved through innovative breakthroughs and the integration of scientific techniques. 

Different innovators have played an essential role in the progression of the medical field. 

Leading middle such as academic and apprenticeship models enable education with innovative approaches to provide appropriate skills to healthcare students. 

The paper shows that the medical field has changed to increase proficiency.

References

Boland, R. 

J. 

(2021). 

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The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Special Issue on Medical Education. 

Psychiatric clinic. 

Crass, R. 

L. 

(2018). 

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Curricular Reform in Pharmacy Education Through the Flexner Report of 1910. 

AJPE. 

Moehling, C. 

M. 

(2020). 

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Medical education reforms and the origins of the rural physician shortage. 

Cliometric, 181-225. 

Ten, C. 

O. 

(2018). 

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The History of Medical Education in Europe and the United States, Concerning Time and Proficiency. 

Wolters Kluwer, 549-554.

Attachment 1BHA-FPX4002_TorresEduardo_Assessment2-1.docx43%

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Word Count:	Submitted on:	Submission UUID:	Attachment UUID:
1,128	05/10/22	37486cb0-8bbe-2d46-9b67-52311380e82e