Instructional objectives, assessments, & evaluation of needs analysis brainstorm

Needs Analysis: Student’s Diversity Lesson Plan

Taya Hervey-McNutt

EDU: 533 Instructional Design & Development

Professor Nguyen

November 1, 2021

Needs Analysis: Student’s Diversity Lesson Plan

Introduction

A needs analysis refers to value judgments that involve the identification of problems and

evaluation of needs to a target audience (1). It serves as a tool for decision-making in education.

The decisions made include planning and resource allocation. Need analysis is associated with

three models identified by McKinley; dependency model, marketing model, and

decision–making model (1). It also has five steps: identification of users, creating target audience

and environment, singling out the needs, assessing the value of the needs, and lastly, giving out

the findings.

Learner Characteristics

Learner characteristics are defined as the attributes that a learner portrays due to personal,

social, cognitive, and academic factors. These factors enhance a student's learning and retention

ability. They can be from the surroundings, what the child (student) gets from those they interact

with. Such characteristics include the acquisition of speech as well as social behavior.

Characteristics acquired from the parents include discipline, life skills and knowledge. The

discipline instilled by parents in the long-term positively impacts a learners' success at the

beginners level.

Data for contextual analysis

Contextual analysis refers to factors that hinder knowledge acquisition as well as the

implementation of learning outcomes. Factors that influence knowledge retention include,

Poor teaching strategies. It can be noted that some learning institutions lack qualified teachers to

impact knowledge. They, therefore, use nonstandard teaching techniques on learners. The

students thus gain very little knowledge on concerned areas. Beginners heavily enjoy teaching

strategies such as fieldwork, observation, and storytelling, and therefore, the teachers should

incorporate them in their teaching process to facilitate longer retention among students.

Researchers argue that expert teachers know students who experience difficulties and can find

out the origin of their problems in their learning process and identify their strengths as early as

their beginning stage (2). Inadequate teaching and learning resources, such as charts and

paintings, greatly impact a beginner's academic life. The problem arises when most learning

institutions lack these materials or have an inadequate number of students. Incorporating learning

skills with tangible materials through demonstration enables the learners to acquire more

knowledge and longer retention ability.

The economic and social background of learners are emotionally traumatized to the

extent that their learning process is interfered with. These are kinds of students who might be

suffering from the loss of parents or even witness parental violence at home. When such topics

are mentioned, they become emotionally unstable and are unable to successfully acquire

knowledge.

Data for task analysis

Task analysis is defined as the process of coming up with highly skilled ideas, mostly

from an expert level. It is aimed at coming up with simplified ideas which are easily understood.

as well as gaining information concerning how people communicate. Steps for this task analysis

are;

1. Prepare the instructor on how to teach the sensitive subject

2. Identifying the student’s differences

3. Identify what similarities they share

4. Introduce new vocabulary words to help support what is being taught to students

5. Begin to teach students that everyone that is human is of the same species

6. Compare and Contrasts how humans are similar and different to other species

Learning Theory

Here, we base our argument on cognitive learning theory, where learners are tasked to

think. The theory suggests that both internal and external factors influence learning. A

psychologist Jean Planet is associated with cognitive learning theory, where he focuses on

environments and internal structures and how they impact learning. He further argues that

understanding students' own thinking impacts their learning and thinking in that they can have

more control over it. Internal factors such as one's attitude may affect performance. A positive

attitude is associated with good performance as the learner handles a different aspect of learning

with mature reasoning, which is likely to influence the performance. An example of how the

cognitive learning theory is applied is a case where a teacher instructs the learners to think about

a given activity and come up with their own findings. The learners will use their minds and

reason in order to come up with a conclusion (3).

References

1. McKellar, M, (1987), Need Analysis, Retrieved from ​http://courses.phhp.ufl.edu​.

2. Leichardt, G. (1989). A contrast of novice and expert competency, Retrieved from

https://www.lrdtc.ptt.edu

3. Bormanaki, H.B & Khoshhal, Y., (2017)​ ​Journal of Language Teaching & Research​; Vol.

8 Issue 5, p 996-1005, 10p, 2 Diagrams