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Online versus In-Person Counseling: A Review of Existing Studies

Martha Ramsey

Saint Leo University

Capsthesis/Capstone Project II: PSY 695

Instructor Lara Ault

April 14, 2024

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Online versus In-Person Counseling: A Review of Existing Studies

A number of researchers have tried to find out about patients' and therapists' opinions as

well as their own experiences with utilizing online therapy. In their study, Khan et al. (2021) put

forward virtual counselors who had presented online therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

With that process, the mental health counselors encountered different feelings like embracing or

being stuck to the online services. Moreover, Zerem et al. (2021) conducted interviews among

six online patients who rated high satisfaction levels with the online treatments.

These are a few qualitative studies that explored particular themes more deeply. Tuna and

Avci (2023) had telephonic interviews with 15 counselors, and they learned about the way that

online counseling differs from face-to-face counseling. The understanding point was the

necessity to change tools for building relationships and reading without the facial to facial

contact. The research was conducted by Posselt et al. (2024), and their target population was a

community of 17 patients who revealed their opinion on the effectiveness performance of using

virtual platforms compared to in-person therapies.

Looking at the quantitative results of various studies assessment revealed positive

treatment results. Sockalingam et al. (2024) conducted a study of surgery patients and reported

they had a considerable degree of mental distress alleviation under insurance-based treatment. In

their works, compelling evidence was published by Westerhof et al. (2019) and Ierardi et al.

(2022). They both found trial study groups that had online therapy were, as compared to control

groups that received no treatment, highly effective in treating depression symptoms. Greenwood

et al. (2022) went for the next step, which was the conduct of a randomized controlled trial

good, clear writing but it could be imrpoved. No pressure, but it seems a little infomral or awkward. "A numer of researchers have investigated therapists' opinons? perspectives? experiences?
presented therapy? This is what I mean. It is ok, but actually might be unclear. Presented suggests a conference or a talk. You mean they performed or practiced therapy (unless you mean presented in which case please clarify).
Please avoid informal and other colloquial language (e.g. contractions; plays a big role (important); kids (children), et.c.) as such is and not appropriate for a research paper.
brief and not complete. Feels like you could add some detail or other information.
In addition to the empirical studies referred to above (*add more info - it is too brief and cuts off abruptly*), several qualitative studies have ben performed... OK I have to cut down on typing. Please read your writing out loud and see if you can smooth things out a bit and make either more "professional" or "scientific" in your verbiage.
what kind of counselors? degrees they held, kinds of therapy they did
awkward - face-to-face. Please work on your writing. It isn't' bad, but could be improved. I can't keep typing, so please continue reading out loud and improving your paper.
I thought you said the researchers were Tuna and Avci?? Clarify. You also said they studied counselors and now you are saying a different number of patients.
you seem to be jumping all over the place. Is tins your review or your Intro? If so, please organize by sub-headers.

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indicating the ability to apply cognitive behavioral therapy online to treat mental health concerns

successfully.

Other than the patient reactions and the therapist's feedback, along with the outcomes of

the therapy, the different research areas are also included. The study Ncheka, et al. (2024) was to

map out 18 therapists' challenges when planning online treatment. One of the challenges faced

was the need for in-person rapport and the ability to show flexibility in the learning environment.

Békés et al. (2021) performed a survey of over 1,000 therapists, and they discovered that the

therapists had their own opinions and quality concerns relating to online treatment modalities.

Moreover, Ncheka et al. (2022) examined the young university students' perceptions of mental

health impact and counseling necessities due to the dreaded COVID-19 pandemic.

The researchers have discovered two critical points concerning online therapy that were

established during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include improved accessibility and

continuity within inpatient mental healthcare. A study found that patients who were put in place

remotely reduced psychological distress of hematology patients unable to meet with counselors

at the hospital in person. Lastly, Renn et al. (2019) suggested that patients would opt for a variety

of means, such as online and in-person therapy, depending on their circumstances. Such diversity

would be a drawback from preferences to factors such as anxiety and availability.

The research conveys, in a nutshell, the predominant views of the therapy delivered

online to both patients and therapists. Studies were aimed at using an array of qualitative and

quantitative tools to fully rate the effectiveness of emerging telehealth services. Even with the

challenges, online modalities prove to be an excellent tool in the process of providing mental

healthcare conveniently, using technology to improve the quality of healthcare.

what do you mean?
by
class? therapy?
you spent so much more time on this study than others. Why? Not wrong, but it should be clear why some studies get more coverage than others.

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References

Békés, V., Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Luo, X., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2021). Psychotherapists'

challenges with online therapy during COVID-19: Concerns about connectedness predict

therapists' negative view of online therapy and its perceived efficacy over time. Frontiers

in Psychology, 12, 705699. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705699

Greenwood, H., Krzyzaniak, N., Peiris, R., Clark, J., Scott, A. M., Cardona, M., ... & Glasziou,

P. (2022). Telehealth versus face-to-face psychotherapy for less common mental health

conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR

Mental Health, 9(3), e31780. DOI: 10.2196/31780

Ierardi, E., Bottini, M., & Riva Crugnola, C. (2022). Effectiveness of an online versus face-to-

face psychodynamic counselling intervention for university students before and during

the COVID-19 period. BMC Psychology, 10(1), 1-10. Retrieved from

https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-022-00742-7

Khan, S., Shapka, J. D., & Domene, J. F. (2021). Counsellors' experiences of online therapy.

British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(1), 1–23.

https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.1885009

Last, B. S., Mirhashem, R., & Yang, Y. (2024). From plan to practice: A qualitative study of

public mental health therapists' session-planning practices. Psychological Services.

https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000840

Ncheka, J. M., Menon, J. A., E Bethan Davies, Paul, R., Mwaba, S. O. C., Mudenda, J.,

Wharrad, H., Tak, H., & Glazebrook, C. (2024). Implementing internet-based

cognitive behavioral therapy (mood gym) for African students with symptoms of low

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mood during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative feasibility study. BMC

Psychiatry, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05542-4

Posselt, J., Baumann, E., & Dierks, M.-L. (2024). A qualitative interview study of patients'

attitudes towards and intention to use digital interventions for depressive disorders on

prescription. Frontiers in Digital Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1275569

Professionals. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 272(1),

107–

Renn, B. N., Hoeft, T. J., Lee, H. S., Bauer, A. M., & Areán, P. A. (2019). Preference for in-

person psychotherapy versus digital psychotherapy options for depression: a survey of

adults in the US. NPJ digital medicine, 2(1), 6. DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0077-1

Sander, J., Bolinski, F., Diekmann, S., Gaebel, W., Günther, K., Hauth, I., Heinz, A., Kleiboer,

A., Riper, H., Trost, N., Vlijter, O., Zielasek, J., & Gerlinger, G. (2021). Online

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Schuster, R., Topooco, N., Keller, A., Radvogin, E., & Laireiter, A. R. (2020). Advantages and

disadvantages of online and blended therapy: Replication and extension of findings on

psychotherapists' appraisals. Internet Interventions, 21, 100326.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100326

Sockalingam, S., Leung, S. E., Ma, C., Hawa, R., Wnuk, S., Dash, S., Jackson, T., & Cassin, S.

E. (2022). The impact of telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy on mental

health distress and disordered eating among bariatric surgery patients during

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COVID-19: Preliminary results from a multisite randomized controlled trial. Obesity

Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-05981-6

Tuna, B., & Avci, O. H. (2023). Qualitative analysis of university counselors' online

counseling experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Psychology.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04358-x

Westerhof, G. J., Lamers, S. M. A., Postel, M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019). Online

Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Evaluation of Counselor-Led and Peer-

Supported Life Review Therapy. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 135–146.

https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx140

Xie, M., Wang, C., Li, Z., Xu, W., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., & Hu, R. (2023). Effects of remote

dignity therapy on mental health among patients with hematologic neoplasms and their

significant others: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing

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Zeren, G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Genç, A. B., & Baki, D. U. Y. (2022). Client's

Experiences of Online Counseling: Satisfaction and Therapeutic Alliance. Cukurova

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